Ngaba wakha wema wacinga ngendlela okulula ngayo kuthi ukwenza imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla? Ukuvuka kusasa, sithatha ikomityi yeti, sihamba, sibaleka, siskrola ifowuni yethu... Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqhawe elithuleyo elingasemva kwayo yonke le nto. Lawo "ngamalungu" emzimbeni wethu. Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kwala malungu, besiya kuba njengeebhloko zomthi, singakwazi ukuhamba konke konke. Ngoko ke, masifunde yonke into ngala malungu asinceda kakhulu.
Zithini kanye kanye ezi ntlanganisela?
Kulula kakhulu. Ilungu lilonke naphi na emzimbeni wakho apho amathambo amabini adibana khona. Liyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yamathambo. Lifana ne-hinge emnyango. Ngaphandle kwe-hinge, ucango belungenakuvuleka okanye luvaleke. Ngokufanayo, ngaphandle kwamalungu, amalungu ethu, iminwe, kunye nentamo azinakukwazi ukugoba okanye ukulula.
Kukho amakhulu amalungu anjengala emizimbeni yethu. Amanye amalungu esiwabonayo nesiwaziyo yonke imihla, njengamadolo neengqiniba. Amanye amalungu esingazange sive ngawo, njengamalungu adibanisa amathambo ekhakayi lethu. Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukunceda imizimba yethu isebenze kakuhle .
Oogqirha bahlula amalungu abe ziindlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo: Oko kukuthi, ngokwendlela ezihamba ngayo.
2. Ngokwendlela ezibunjwe ngayo: Oko kukuthi, ngokwezinto ezenziwe ngazo.
Ngowuphi umsebenzi onikezelwa ngamalunga emizimbeni yethu?
Amalunga anika inkxaso emizimbeni yethu kwaye asinceda sihlale, sime, sihambe, sibaleke, sitsibe, kwaye ngamafutshane, senze nayiphi na intshukumo. Sahlula amalunga abe ngamaqela amathathu aphambili ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bentshukumo abavumelayo.
- Ii-synarthroses: Njengoko igama lisitsho, la malungu awashukumi konke konke. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla. Umzekelo ongcono ngamalunga adibanisa amathambo entloko yethu. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amathambo entloko yethu, akhusela ubuchopho bethu, ebenokuhamba umva nangaphambili? La malungu aqinile kwaye awashukumi ukuthintela loo ngozi.
- Ama-Amphiarthroses: La malungu anomlinganiselo othile wokunyakaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba asinike ukuzinza kunye nokunyakaza okuthile. Umzekelo omhle woku ngamalunga aphakathi kwamathambo omqolo kumqolo wethu. La malungu asivumela ukuba sigobe phambili, ngasemva, namacala, kunye nokugcina umqolo wethu uthe tye.
- Amalungu ahambahambayo kakhulu (iiDiarthroses): La malungu anentshukumo eninzi emzimbeni wethu. Angahamba ngokukhululekileyo phantse kulo naliphi na icala. Imizekelo ibandakanya igxalaba, isinqe, idolo, ingqiniba, kunye nesandla. La malungu ahambahamba ngokukhululekileyo asinceda xa sibaleka, sikhaba ibhola, okanye sidanisa.
Yenziwe ngantoni ijoyinti?
Ilungu alikho nje indawo apho amathambo amabini adibana khona. Liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunoko. Ilungu lenziwe ngamathambo kunye neqoqo lezicubu ezidibanisayo eziwabamba kunye.
Ijoyinti iqulethe ezi zinto:
- I-Cartilage: Ezi zifana nomatrasi. Iziphelo zamathambo zigqunywe yile cartilage. Xa amathambo amabini engqubana, yile cartilage ewanceda ukuba ahambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokuwenzakalisa.
- Imisipha: Ezi ziintambo eziqinileyo ezidibanisa izihlunu zethu namathambo ethu. Xa sifuna ukugoba ingalo, izihlunu ziyafinyela, kwaye ithambo litsalwa ngale misipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ilungu ligobe.
- Iiligamenti: Ezi zifana neebhanti eziqinileyo. Kodwa zidibanisa ithambo elinye kwelinye. Ezi ligamenti zinceda ukugcina ilungu lizinzile, zithintele ukuba lingashukumi kakhulu.
- Iimithambo-luvo: Ezi mithambo-luvo zisinceda sive iintlungu kunye noxinzelelo kwilungu. Zikwaxelela ingqondo ukuba ilungu lethu likwindawo enjani.
Amalunga ahlulwe abe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bezicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezinazo.
1. Amalunga ane-Fibrous
2. Amalungu eCartilaginous
3. Amalungu eSynovial
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ntlobo ngokwahlukeneyo.
Amalunga ane-Fibrous
La malungu awashukumi kakhulu. Amanye awashukumi konke konke. Abizwa ngokuba 'yi-fibrous' kuba enziwe ngezicubu eziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo ezilukiweyo njengeefayibha. Atyebile kwiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-collagen .
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezi fibrous joints:
- Iisutures: La ngamajoyina adibanisa amathambo ekhakhayi lethu, njengemithungo yengubo.
- IiGomphoses: Amazinyo akho anamathele kumhlathi wakho ngelungu elinje.
- IiSyndesmoses: La ngamajoyina adibanisa amathambo amabini asondeleleneyo. Umzekelo, i-tibia kunye ne-fibula yomlenze wethu zidibene ngolu hlobo lwejoyina.
Amalungu eCartilaginous
Amathambo kula malungu adityaniswe ngumaleko we-cartilage, osebenza njengomqamelo phakathi kwamathambo amabini. La malungu anokuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa angabi kude kakhulu okanye kuzo zonke iindlela.
Imizekelo emihle yoku ngamalunga apho iimbambo zethu (iimbambo) zidibana khona ne-sternum (ithambo eliphakathi kwesifuba). Xa siphefumla kakhulu, isifuba sethu siyaphakama size siwe ngenxa yentshukumo encinci yala malungu. Kwakhona, ilungu apho iindawo zasekunene nezasekhohlo zamathambo ethu esinqeni (i-pubic symphysis) zidibana khona phambi kwethu zezo hlobo.
Amalungu e-Synovial - Uhlobo lwelungu elinika intshukumo enkulu emzimbeni!
La malungu e-synovial anenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba emzimbeni wethu. Enziwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Angena kwindawo engenanto kwelinye ithambo, apho isiphelo selinye ithambo singena khona.
Iziphelo zamathambo kula malungu zigqunywe yingxowa egcwele ulwelo olutyibilikayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-synovial fluid . Oku kufana nokuthambisa umatshini. Olu lwelo lunceda amathambo ukuba ahambe kakuhle, lunciphisa ukungqubana kwaye luwathintele ekukhuhlaneni.
Kukho iintlobo ezi-6 eziphambili ze-synovial joints. Ukuze kube lula ukuba siqonde, makhe sijonge le theyibhile.
| Uhlobo oludibeneyo | Indlela yokuhamba | Iindawo emzimbeni wethu (imizekelo) |
|---|---|---|
| Amalungu eHinge | Ingavula kwaye ivale kwicala elinye kuphela (njengehenjisi yocango). | Amadolo, iingqiniba, kunye namalungu eminwe. |
| Iijoyinti zeBhola kunye neSocket | Elinye ithambo linenxalenye efana nebhola enamathele kulo, elinye linenxalenye efana nekomityi enamathele kulo. Lingajikeleza phantse kulo naliphi na icala. | Igxalaba, isinqe. |
| Amalungu eCondyloid | Ifana nebhola kunye nesokhethi, kodwa ayinakujikelezisa isangqa esipheleleyo (ii-degrees ezingama-360). Ingahamba phambili, ngasemva, kwaye ihambe ecaleni. | Isandla, iindawo apho iinzwane zidibana khona nonyawo. |
| Amalungu ePivot | Ungajikeleza ngelixa uhlala kwindawo enye. | Sinokujika iintloko zethu ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ngenxa yelungu elisentanyeni. |
| Amalungu ePlanar | Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yenziwe ngamathambo amabini asicaba adibanayo. Intshukumo yenzeka ngokutyibilika kwelinye phezu kwelinye. | Phakathi kwamathambo amancinci esihlahleni, phakathi kwamathambo omqolo. |
| Amalungu eSaddle | Yenziwe ngamathambo amabini agobileyo adibanayo. Ibonakala ngathi yimilo emibini 'ye-U' ihambelana. Nangona ingenakujika, ingahamba ngeendlela ezininzi. | Ilungu apho ubhontsi wethu uqhagamshela khona kwisandla sethu. Yile nto esivumela ukuba sibambe eminye iminwe size sibambe izinto ngokuqinileyo. |
Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwenzakala okuchaphazela amalungu
Nantoni na eyonakalisa amathambo ethu okanye izicubu ezidityanisiweyo inokuchaphazela amalungu ethu. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
Izifo zexesha elide
- I-Arthritis: Ukudumba kwamalungu, oko kuthetha ukudumba kunye nentlungu kumalungu.
- I-Osteoarthritis: Imeko ebangelwa kukuguguleka kwe-cartilage emalungeni njengoko sikhula okanye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu.
- I-Bursitis: Ukudumba kweengxowa ezizaliswe lulwelo (i-bursae) emalungeni.
- I-Tendinitis: Ukudumba kwemisipha.
- I-Osteoporosis: Amathambo aba buthathaka aze aphuke lula. Nangona esi sisifo esibangelwa ngqo yilungu, sinokubangela umonakalo kumalungu ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamalungu.
Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba
Ezi zizifo apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu (inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba) ingaqondi kakuhle kwaye ihlasela iiseli zethu ezisempilweni, ingakumbi amalungu.
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- Isifo samathambo se-Psoriatic
- I-Lupus
Iingozi kunye nokwenzakala
Amalunga anokonakaliswa zizinto ezifana nokuwa kunye neengozi zeemoto.
- Ukulimala kwezemidlalo
- Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo
- Ukufuduka
- Ukuqhekeka
Wazi njani ukuba unengxaki yamalungu akho? - Iimpawu
Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko okanye ukwenzakala onako, kodwa iingxaki ezininzi zamalungu zinokuba nezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo:
- Intlungu (ingakumbi xa kushukunyiswa ilungu)
- Ukudumba (Ukudumba)
- Ubomvu okanye ukutshintsha kombala kolusu olujikeleze ilungu
- Ukuziva ufudumele kwilungu
- Isandi okanye imvakalelo yokunqakraza xa ushukumisa ilungu
- Ukuva isandi esithi "khaba" okanye imvakalelo efanayo
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Ezinye zezona vavanyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:
- Ii-X-reyi: Jonga imeko yamathambo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, njl.njl.
- Iiskeni ze-ultrasound: Jonga izicubu ezithambileyo (ii-ligaments, imisipha) ezijikeleze ilungu.
- Ukufunxa amalungu: Ulwelo olungaphakathi kwilungu luthathwa ngesirinji kwaye luvavanywe ukuba alunaso na isifo okanye usulelo.
- Ii-CT scans: Fumana imifanekiso ye-3D yamathambo kunye namalungu ngokweenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunee-X-ray.
- Ii-MRI scans (MRIs): Ukonakala kwezicubu ezithambileyo ezifana ne-cartilage, i-ligaments, kunye ne-tendon kunokubonakala ngokucacileyo.
Singawanyamekela njani amalungu ethu?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina amalungu akho esempilweni kukulandela imikhwa emihle yempilo iyonke.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D kulungile kakhulu emathanjeni. Kwakhona, ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba wakho kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kumalungu akho (ingakumbi amadolo kunye namaqakala).
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Umzimba womntu wonke kunye neemfuno zakhe zahlukile. Ngoko ke khetha umthambo olungele wena. Ukuzilolonga okunciphisa uxinzelelo kumalungu akho, njengokudada, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ukuphakamisa iintsimbi, kunye ne-aerobics yamanzi, kulungile. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomthambo olungele wena.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela. Ukuba udlala imidlalo okanye usebenza kumsebenzi onobungozi, nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (umz., ii-knee pads, ii-elbow pads).
- Yiya kuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha. Kwaye ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iintlungu ezintsha emalungeni akho, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Soloko unxibe ibhanti xa ukhwela imoto.Oku kunceda kakhulu ekunciphiseni umonakalo kumalungu xa kwenzeka ingozi.
Sisebenzisa amalungu ethu kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo imini yonke, ukususela ekufundeni eli nqaku kwifowuni yethu ukuya ekuhlaleni esitulweni emva kosuku oludinisayo. Zezona zixhobo ziphambili ezinika umzimba wethu imo kwaye zisinceda senze naluphi na ushukumo. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukunyamekela amalungu ethu axabisekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ilungu lilungu apho amathambo amabini emzimbeni wethu adibana khona. Ngaphandle kwala mathambo, asinakushukuma.
- Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamalungu. Amanye awashukumi (njengekhakayi), amanye ashukuma kancinci (njengomqolo), kwaye amanye ashukuma kakhulu (njengegxalaba nedolo).
- Ukutya okunempilo, umthambo ofanelekileyo, kunye nokulawula ubunzima kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amalungu esempilweni.
- Ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo, ukudumba, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kwelinye lamalungu akho, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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