Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela okanye umntu omaziyo ukuba kufuneka enze utyando lokususa izintso. Xa usiva igama elithi 'nephrectomy', imibuzo emininzi isenokufika engqondweni. "Ungaphila nentso enye?", "Ngaba olu lutyando olukhulu?", "Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba uphile?"... Ke namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeNephrectomy, utyando lokususa izintso, ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni iNephrectomy?
Ngamafutshane, iNephrectomy yinkqubo yotyando esusa inxalenye okanye yonke enye yezintso zakho. Sonke sizalwa sinezintso ezimbini. Kodwa ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni ngentso enye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, izintso eziseleyo kufuneka zisebenze kakuhle.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando lwe-nephrectomy:
- Ukususwa kwe-nephrectomy engaphelelanga: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha otyandayo ususa kuphela inxalenye enesifo okanye eyonakeleyo yezintso zakho. Intso yonke ayisuswa.
- Utyando lwe-radical nephrectomy: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwentso yonke. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokususa i-ureter—ityhubhu ethwala umchamo ukusuka kwintso ukuya kwisinyi—kwicala elinye. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-adrenal gland kunye nee-lymph nodes ezingqongileyo nazo zinokususwa.
Kutheni kufuneka ususe izintso?
Isizathu esiphambili sokususwa kwentso sisimila esikhula kwizintso. Esi sifo sinokuba ngumhlaza (esiyingozi) okanye esingesiso umhlaza (esingenobungozi).
Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kususwe i-nephrectomy kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba unezifo zezintso eziphindaphindayo (i-pyelonephritis) .
- Ukuba enye yezintso zakho iyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye unezinye iingxaki. (Nangona kunjalo, ukuba akukho ngxaki, ungayigcina izintso ezingasebenziyo emzimbeni wakho).
- Njengonyango lwezinye izifo zezintso (ezifana nesifo sezintso esine-polycystic ).
- Ukuba unikela ngezintso eziphilileyo komnye umntu .
Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha uza kujonga impilo yakho ngokubanzi. Baza kujonga ubushushu bakho, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze bafumane ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka balungiselele xa kufuneka unikele ngegazi ngexesha lotyando.
Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo onazo kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo (amiselwe ngugqirha, athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, amayeza esintu, kwaneevithamini). Ezinye ii-painkillers (NSAIDs) kunye ne-blood thinners (anticoagulants) zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha ngexesha lotyando.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usixelele ngazo naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba ungabi namdla kwizinto ezithile. Umzekelo:
- Ngamayeza
- Izinto zokucoca ulusu (umz. i-chlorhexidine, i-iodine)
- Ye-latex
- Ukutya okuthile
Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nantoni na ngobusuku bangaphambi kotyando lwakho (ukuzila ukutya). Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba unokutya okanye ulwelo esiswini sakho ngexesha lotyando, lunokuhlanzwa luze lungene emiphungeni yakho, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki eziyingozi ezifana ne-pneumonia.
Ziziphi iindlela zotyando?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza i-nephrectomy. Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Indlela yotyando | Kwenzeka njani oku |
|---|---|
| Utyando lwe-nephrectomy oluvulekileyo | Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza utyando oluyi-intshi ezili-12 ecaleni okanye esiswini sakho. Ugqirha angabona ngqo ngaphakathi kwintso ngaphandle kwekhamera aze enze utyando. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ukuba ithumba lezintso likhulu kakhulu. |
| Utyando lweLaparoscopic (iLaparoscopic/Robotic-assisted nephrectomy) | Oku kubizwa ngokuba "lutyando lwe-keyhole." Endaweni yokusika okukhulu, kwenziwa imingxunya emininzi emincinci, enobukhulu obuyi-1 sentimitha. Isixhobo esincinci esinekhamera (i-laparoscope) sifakwa nge-incision enye kwaye utyando lwenziwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali lemonitha. Ukusika okukodwa kwenziwa kube kukhulu kancinci ukuze kususwe izintso. Le nkqubo inciphisa ixesha lokuphiliswa kwaye inciphise iintlungu. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kugcinwa kwigumbi lokuPhila kwaye ujongwe ngononophelo de uvuke. Usenokuziva ulele kwaye unesicaphucaphu okwethutyana ngenxa ye-anesthesia. Oku kuqhelekile. Uza kunikwa amayeza okulawula iintlungu.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukutya okuqinileyo akunikwa usuku okanye ezimbini. Kunikwa ulwelo. Ngosuku olulandela utyando, uyakhuthazwa ukuba uvuke ebhedini uhambehamba kancinci. Ukuhamba kuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi, kukunceda uphilise ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi emilenzeni yakho (deep vein thrombosis).
Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele phakathi kosuku olu-1 ukuya kolu-5. Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzileyo. Kwanasemva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, akukhuthazwa ukuba wenze nantoni na enzima (njengokuphakamisa ubunzima obungaphezulu kwe-4.5 kg) kangangeeveki ezi-6.
Bunjani ubomi xa unezintso enye?
Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu abantu abaninzi abanayo. Musa ukukhathazeka. Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo xa unezintso eziphilileyo.
Emva kotyando, izintso zakho eziseleyo ziya kukhula kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zize ziqale ukwenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabini womzimba wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso enye iyaqhela ukwenza umsebenzi wabantu ababini.
Khumbula, ukuba nezintso eziphilileyo endaweni yezintso ezimbini eziphilileyo akuyi kuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho. Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobupheleleyo!
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhusele izintso zakho ezixabisekileyo. Ke ngoko, bubulumko ukuhlala kude nemidlalo echaphazela kakhulu efana nehoki, iragbi, kunye nokulwa. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo lomsebenzi wezintso rhoqo (njenge-'creatinine clearance', 'eGFR') njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imihla yokulandelela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
- Utshintsho kumchamo (ukuchama rhoqo, ukutshintsha kombala)
- Ukudumba kwemilenze, iimpundu, okanye ubuso (i-edema)
- Intlungu yomlenze
- Ukunyuka ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Inkungu yobuchopho
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki kwizintso ezisele, ngoko ke musa ukuzityeshela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lokususa izintso lutyando lokususa izintso. Kodwa ungaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobupheleleyo xa unezintso eziphilileyo.
- Olu tyando lwenziwa ngezizathu ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza, kunye nezizathu ezibalaseleyo ezifana nokunikela ngezintso.
- Kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba umntu aphile. Ngeli xesha, ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kubalulekile ukuze umntu aphile ngokukhawuleza.
- Nyamekela izintso zakho eziseleyo njengegolide. Ziphephe izinto ezinokuzonakalisa kwaye uye kuhlolwa rhoqo.
- Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngayo nayiphi na into oyicingayo okanye ongathandabuziyo ngayo nogqirha wakho.
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