Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi awukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo njengoko ubuqhele ukubona, ukuba izinto azicacanga? Okanye ngaba imibala obuqhele ukuyibona kakuhle ngoku ibonakala ingabonakali kwaye imnyama? Musa ukuyityeshela le nto ngokuthi "yile nto eyenzekayo xa ukhula." Kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esinzima esinokuchaphazela ukubona kwakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesimo esinzima kangaka, kodwa esifanele sonke siqaphele. Yi-Optic Atrophy leyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Optic Atrophy?
Cinga ngamehlo ethu njengekhamera. Kukho "intambo" ekhethekileyo ethumela oko ikhamera ikubonayo, oko kukuthi, imifanekiso, engqondweni. Le ntambo yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-optic nerve kunyango. Iintambo ezincinci (ii-nerve fibers) ezingaphakathi kule ntambo zithwala ulwazi olubonwa liliso ziye engqondweni.
Ngoku, igama elithi Atrophy lithetha "ukuphela" okanye "ukuwohloka." I-Optic Atrophy kukufa kancinci kancinci okanye umonakalo weefayibha ezincinci kwi-optic nerve. Xa ezi fayibha zemithambo-luvo zonakele, ulwazi oluvela elisweni oluya ebuchotsheni aludluliselwa kakuhle. Isiphumo kukuba umbono wethu uya ubuthathaka kancinci kancinci, ekugqibeleni ukhokelela ekubeni yimfama.
Le yimeko embi kakhulu kuba umonakalo kwi-optic nerve awunakuguqulwa, oko kuthetha ukuba awunakubuyiselwa. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.
Zithini iimpawu ze-Optic Atrophy?
Zonke iimpawu zale meko zinxulumene nokubona. Ungahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nezi:
- Umbono ofipheleyo: Kuvakala ngathi usenkungwini . Oku kufipheleyo kusenokunganciphi ngokunxiba iiglasi. Ubukhali bombono wakho buyehla kancinci kancinci.
- Ukubona okuphantsi kwe-peripheral: Xa ujonge phambili, ulahlekelwa kukubona izinto macala. Kungavakala ngathi ujonge ihlabathi ngetyhubhu.
- Ubunzima bokubona imibala: Imibala iyafiphala. Imibala, ingakumbi ebomvu neluhlaza, ingabonakala ingacacanga, ifiphele, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibonakale ingwevu.
- Ukubona okunciphileyo: Izinto ebezicacile ngaphambili ngoku zibonakala zingabonakali.
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, nceda ungaze uyityeshele. Bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
Kutheni i-Optic Atrophy isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Akukho sizathu sinye somonakalo we-optic nerve, kodwa zininzi izinto ezinokuwuchaphazela. Umzekelo, umbane ongena emakhayeni ethuKubonakala ngathi iintambo zinokonakala zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezona zizathu ziphambili.
| Unobangela | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwimithambo-luvo (ischemia) | Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Umthambo we-optic ufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo egazini. Ukuba olu hambo lwegazi luphazamisekile, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziqala ukufa. |
| Uxinzelelo kwi-nerve (Uxinzelelo) | Kanye njengokuba ukunyathela umbhobho wamanzi kunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukuba into efana nomhlaza wobuchopho ikhula kufutshane nomthambo, inokuyicinezela imithambo-luvo. I-Glaucoma ikwabangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| Ukudumba | Umthambo we-optic unokonakala ngenxa yokudumba (i-Optic Neuritis), kwaye iimeko ezifana nokwakheka kolwelo ebuchotsheni (i-Hydrocephalus) nazo zinokuchaphazela umthambo. |
| Iintsholongwane | Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane (umz., i-syphilis, i-measles, isifo sephepha) zingonakalisa umthambo we-optic. |
| Ukulimala kwiliso | Ukubetheka kakhulu emehlweni okanye entloko, njengengozi yemoto, ukulwa, okanye ingozi yezemidlalo, kungonakalisa umthambo. |
| Izizathu zokuzalwa okanye zelifa | Abanye abantu bazalwa benale meko. I-Leber hereditary optic neuropathy sesinye sezifo ezidluliselwa ngelifa. |
| Iityhefu, amayeza, okanye ukunqongophala kwezondlo | Ezinye iityhefu (umz. i-methanol alcohol), ezinye amayeza, kunye nokungabikho kwe-vitamin B12 emzimbeni nazo zinokuchaphazela oku. |
| Izifo zeRetina | Iimeko ezifana ne-diabetic retinopathy, ebangela umonakalo kwi-retina yeliso ngenxa yesifo seswekile, zinokuchaphazela nomthambo we-optic. |
Ngaba oku kungadluliselwa komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
Hayi. I-Optic Atrophy ayisosifo esosulelayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngasentla, ezinye izifo ezosulelayo (iintsholongwane) zinokubangela le meko. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ufumana isifo esifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, i-chickenpox, okanye isifo sephepha, singonakalisa i-optic nerve njengengxaki.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamehlo kwangoko xa ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neemeko ezifanayo, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo. Emva koko, baya kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo.
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo: Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-ophthalmoscope) ukujonga i-optic disc, eyingcambu ye-optic nerve. Kwi-optic atrophy, le ndawo ibonakala imhlophe kunokuba ibe pinki. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwi-nerve kuyancipha.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo: Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukuba ungabona umgama ongakanani okungqongileyo.
- I-MRI scan: Ukujonga ukuba kukho umhlaza wobuchopho okanye enye ingxaki.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): I-scan ekhethekileyo elinganisa ubukhulu be-optic nerve kunye ne-retina.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukufumanisa izinto ezifana nosulelo okanye ukunqongophala kwezondlo.
Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo sonke ekufuneka siyiqonde. Akukho nyango okwangoku olunokubuyisela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ze-optic esele zonakele kwaye ziphelelwe ngamandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-Optic Atrophy ayinakuguqulwa.
Ngoko ke ngaba unyango alunamsebenzi? Musa ukucinga njalo. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuyeka ukwenzakala ngakumbi kwimithambo-luvo.
Okufuneka kwenziwe kukufumana unobangela wale meko size siyinyange.
- Masithi unobangela sisimila sobuchopho. Xa isimila sisusiwe ngotyando, uxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo luyaphela. Emva koko umonakalo ongakumbi uyaphela.
- Ukuba unobangela yiglaucoma, kunikwa amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo olusesweni.
- Ukuba unobangela lusulelo, kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Ukuba unobangela kukungabikho kwesondlo, iivithamini ezifunekayo ziyabonelelwa.
Ngoko ke, okukhona unobangela ufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okugcina naluphi na umbono oseleyo eba ngcono.
Asinakuyithintela le meko?
Ixesha elininzi, asikwazi ukulawula izizathu ze-Optic Atrophy. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukukhusela amehlo: Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko xa usenza umsebenzi onobungozi okanye udlala imidlalo.
- Ukuthintela Izifo: Fumana imigonyo oyifunayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwakhona, landela iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuthintela izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Enyanisweni, ngumkhwa omhle ukuhlala ujonga amehlo akho, nokuba akukho ngxaki. Kodwa ukuba ubona into efana nale, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza :
- Naluphi na utshintsho embonweni: ukufiphala, utshintsho lombala, ukuncipha kombono ongasecaleni.
- Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso okanye iintlungu eziqatha zamehlo: Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubona kwakho yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo kuwe. Musa ukukuthatha njengento engenamsebenzi. Kunyamekele, nokuba lutshintsho oluncinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuwohloka kwamehlo kukuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo ye-optic, edibanisa iliso nengqondo. Le yimeko enzima kakhulu.
- Ukubona okufipheleyo, ubunzima bokubona imibala, kunye nokuncipha kokubona okusecaleni zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Zininzi izizathu ezibangela le meko, ngoko ke ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lonyango.
- Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo awunakuguqulwa. Unyango lujoliswe ekuthinteleni umonakalo ongakumbi.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, musa ukulutyeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa umbono wakho.
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