Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana oonobumba bengacacanga xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba? Okanye kunzima ukufunda ngokucacileyo into efana negama ebhodini okanye inombolo yebhasi ekude kancinci? Mhlawumbi amehlo akho ahlala ebuhlungu, ebomvu, okanye ediniwe nje? Ngamaxesha anje, siyadideka kancinci malunga nokuba ngubani omele acele uncedo kunye nendawo ekufuneka aye kuyo. Yiyo loo nto sithetha ngalo mba ubalulekileyo namhlanje ukuze sifumane impendulo yalo mbuzo.
Ngubani lo Gqirha wamehlo?
Ngamafutshane, ugqirha wamehlo yingcali egxile emehlweni akho nasekuboneni. Ngabo bahlola amehlo akho, bajonge naziphi na iingxaki zokubona, baxilonge iingxaki zamehlo, baze bakunike unyango olufunekayo.
Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Ngoko ke ngaba ugqirha wamehlo ngugqirha?" Ewe, impendulo yalo mbuzo kukuba, ugqirha wamehlo ngugqirha wamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, abafani nogqirha wosapho lwakho (uGqirha weNkathalelo ePhambili - PCP) oqhele ukuya kuye xa unesifo somkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
Oogqirha, njengoko sibazi rhoqo, banedigri yezonyango (MD). Kodwa ingcali yamehlo inedigri yobugqirha kwi-optics (Doctor of Optometry - OD) . Oku kuthetha ukuba abayi kwisikolo sezonyango ngokubanzi, kodwa baya kwiyunivesithi egxile kwi-optometry iminyaka emine ukuze bagqibezele esi sidanga. Ngaphambi koko, bagqibezela nedigri yesayensi ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, banolwazi olunzulu ngesakhiwo, umsebenzi, izifo, kunye neengxaki zokubona kwamehlo.
Zeziphi iinkonzo onokuzifumana kugqirha wamehlo?
Umsebenzi ophambili wogqirha wamehlo kukujonga impilo yamehlo akho kunye nokubona. Banokuxilonga baze banyange izifo zamehlo kunye neengxaki zokubona.
Xa undwendwela ugqirha wamehlo, uza kuhlola amehlo akho aze akunike unyango olufunekayo. Ezona zibalulekileyo zezi:
- Iiglasi zamehlo: Siza kufumana inani elihambelana ngqo nokukhubazeka kwakho kokubona size sinike iiglasi ezifanelekileyo.
- Iilensi zokunxibelelana: Kwabo bangazithandiyo iiglasi, iilensi zokunxibelelana zimiselwe ukuba zilungele amehlo abo nendlela yabo yokuphila.
- Izixhobo zokunceda ukubona okuphantsi: Kwabo bangaboni kakuhle ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zempilo, kucetyiswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukubanceda benze imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla.
- Amayeza Amehlo: Banokukunika amayeza kwiimeko ezinje ngezifo zamehlo, ukoma, kunye ne-allergies.
Kodwa kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka siyikhumbule sonke apha.Ugqirha wamehlo akahlali esenza utyando lwamehlo. Ukuba udinga utyando, olufana nokususwa kwe-cataract, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuthumela kugqirha wamehlo (ophthalmologist).
Zeziphi iimeko zonyango ezinokuchongwa ngugqirha wamehlo?
Ugqirha wamehlo unokubona iingxaki ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezinxulumene namehlo kunye nokubona. Masizihlukanise zibe ziindidi ezimbini.
| Uhlobo lwengxaki | Imizekelo kunye nenkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki Zombono Oqhelekileyo | |
| Ukubona kufutshane / I-Myopia | Nangona izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zicacile, izinto ezikude (umz. iimpawu zebhasi, oonobumba kwiTV) zibonakala zingacacanga. |
| Ukubona izinto kude/iHyperopia | Ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo, kodwa ungaziboni izinto ezikufutshane (umz., ukufunda incwadi, ukujonga ifowuni) ngokucacileyo. |
| I-Astigmatism | Umbono uba luzizi kwaye uphazamiseke kancinci kufutshane nakude ngenxa yotshintsho kwimo yelensi yeliso. |
| Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia) | Ukubona into enye ngathi zimbini. Oku kungaba luphawu lokugula kakhulu. |
| I-Presbyopia (ukubona kufutshane) njengoko ukhula | Ubunzima bokubona emva kweminyaka engama-40 ngenxa yokuncipha kokuguquguquka kwelensi yeliso. |
| I-Amblyopia / Iliso elivilaphayo | Ukubona kwelinye iliso kubuthathaka kunelinye xa lisemncinci. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile. |
| Ukungaboni imibala | Ukungakwazi ukubona imibala ethile ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi ebomvu neluhlaza. |
| Izifo Zamehlo | |
| Usulelo lwamehlo | Iintsholongwane okanye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezibangela iimpawu ezifana namehlo abomvu, amehlo anamanzi, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa. |
| I-Glaucoma | Imeko embi kakhulu enokwenzakalisa umthambo we-optic kwaye ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona kancinci kancinci ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| IiCataracts | Umbono ofipheleyo ngenxa yokufiphala kwelensi yeliso. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala. |
| Iingxaki nge-retina yakho | Ukonakala kwe-retina ngenxa yezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile. |
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular | Njengoko sikhula, umonakalo kwi-macula, inxalenye ye-retina, ubangela ukulahleka kombono ophakathi. |
Ufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi?
Nokuba ucinga ukuba akukho nto imbi, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo . Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iimeko ezinzulu (ezifana ne-glaucoma) ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlolwa kwamehlo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho.
- Abantwana abancinci: Umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe amehlo ngugqirha wabantwana ngaphambi kokuba aqale isikolo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho ingxaki, ungamhlola kwangethuba. Emva koko, kudla ngokuba ngumbono olungileyo ukuba ahlolwe kanye ngonyaka.
- Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-65 ubudala: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kube kanye ngonyaka okanye emibini kwanele.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, njengoko umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zamehlo uphezulu kule minyaka.
Kodwa khumbula, ukuba sele unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana , okanye unesifo esifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunokufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo. Kungcono ubuze ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.
Amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu. Ngoko ke ungaze ulutyeshele naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho okanye naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezingezantsi, bonana nogqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Umbono ofipheleyo: Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci uvakala ufiphele.
- Iliso elibomvu: Ukuba amehlo ahlala ebomvu.
- Intlungu yamehlo: Ukuba kukho intlungu emehlweni okanye kufutshane nawo.
- Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye: Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye.
- Ubuthathaka bokukhanya / i-Photophobia: Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo, amehlo ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Iliso elitsha liyakhanya okanye lihamba phezu kwamanzi: Ukuba ngequbuliso ubona izibane okanye izinto ezifana ne-spider webs zihamba phambi kwamehlo akho.
- Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni: Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso uba mbi kakhulu, njengoko uyiqonda.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweNgcali yamehlo kunye neNgcali yamehlo?
Le yinto edideka abantu abaninzi. Masiyiqonde ngokulula.
- Ugqirha wamehlo: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lo ngugqirha wamehlo. Uza kuhlola amehlo akho, afumanise izifo, aze akunike iiglasi okanye amayeza.
- Ingcali yamehlo: Lo asingogqirha.Ingcali yamehlo yingcali ethatha iiglasi ezichazwe yingcali yamehlo, izenze zibe nenani elichanekileyo, ikhethe ifreyimu efanela ubuso bakho, ize izilungisele wena. Ngokuchanekileyo, ingcali yamehlo yenza into efanayo nekhemesti ekhupha amayeza kagqirha. Benza izinto ezifana nokwenza, ukulungisa, nokutshintsha iiglasi.
Ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukuxilongwa amehlo akho, kufuneka uye kwiGqirha lamehlo . Ukuba ufuna ukulungiswa kweeglasi zakho, kufuneka uye kwiGqirha lamehlo .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingcali yamehlo ngugqirha ogxile emehlweni nasekuboneni, exilonga aze anyange izifo zamehlo.
- Ngokwesiqhelo abakwenzi utyando. Ngenxa yoko, baya kukuthumela kugqirha wamehlo (Ophthalmologist).
- Nokuba akukho zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo (ingakumbi njengoko ukhula).
- Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezifana nokungaboni kakuhle, iintlungu zamehlo, okanye amabala amnyama ngequbuliso phambi kwamehlo akho. Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Ingcali yamehlo ngumntu ohlola amehlo aze anike unyango. Ingcali yamehlo yingcali eyenza iiglasi ezibhalwe ngugqirha.
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