I-pancreas sisitho esisemzimbeni wethu abantu abaninzi abangathethi kakhulu ngaso, kwaye sifihliwe kancinci. Kalula nje, sikwisisu sakho, ngasemva kwesisu sakho naphambi komqolo wakho. Esi sitho sincinci senza izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Enye kukuvelisa iihomoni ezilawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini. Enye kukuvelisa ii-enzymes ezinceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa iiseli ezikwesi sitho zitshintsha ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza, kuvela ithumba. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza we-pancreatic.
Kutheni le nto kunzima ukuyifumanisa le mhlaza?
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngesi sifo kukuba asibonisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala . Kwanezikrini eziqhelekileyo aziboni ezi zifo kwizigaba zokuqala. Ke ngoko, xa uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa ukuba lunesi sifo, umhlaza sele usasazeke (ususele kwi-metastasized) kwamanye amalungu angaphandle kwepancreas. Kwakhona, lo mhlaza uxhathisa amayeza amaninzi okulwa nomhlaza, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukunyanga. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, isayensi yezonyango iyaphucuka imihla ngemihla, ngoko ke iindlela ezintsha zonyango zihlala ziphandwa.
Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wepancreatic?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomhlaza wepancreatic.
1. Ii-exocrine tumors: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% ee-cancer zezo hlobo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwazo yi- Adenocarcinoma . Oku kuqala kwiiseli ezikwimijelo ye-pancreatic ducts.
2. Ii-neuroendocrine tumors (ii-NET): Ezi zinqabile kancinci, zingaphantsi kwe-10% yamatyala.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala. Iimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela xa umhlaza ukhulile kwaye uqalise ukuchaphazela amanye amalungu akwinkqubo yokugaya ekufutshane. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice) | Oku kwenzeka xa umhlaza uvala umbhobho wenyongo kwinyongo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhemikhali etyheli ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin iqokelele emzimbeni. |
| Umchamo onombala omnyama | Umchamo ujika ube mthubi okanye ube mdaka ngenxa yokwanda kwamanqanaba e-bilirubin emzimbeni. |
| Izitulo ezinombala okhanyayo | Ngenxa yokuvaleka kombhobho wenyongo, iikhemikhali ezinika indle umbala wayo omdaka aziqokelelwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba indle ifumane umbala okhanyayo, ofana nodongwe. |
| Intlungu yesisu esingaphezulu kunye nomqolo | Ithumba lisenokukhula lize licinezele imithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo. Intlungu inokuba mandundu emva kokutya okanye xa ulele phantsi. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehla kobunzima kwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela umzimba osebenza ngayo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya ngenxa yomhlaza. |
| I-Anorexia kunye nesicaphucaphu | Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukuziva ngathi uhlanza. |
| Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo | Inokubangelwa kukwakheka kwe-bilirubin eluswini. |
| Isifo seswekile esitsha | Ukuba umntu ngequbuliso uba nesifo seswekile ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, oko kusenokuba luphawu lomhlaza wepancreatic. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza wepancreatic. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kulungile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wepancreatic?
Unobangela ochanekileyo walo mhlaza awukafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bafumanise ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo.
- Ukutshaya: Ukusetyenziswa kweecuba, iicuba, kunye nezinye iimveliso zecuba yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo, ingakumbi ukuqokelelwa kwamafutha esiswini, kwandisa umngcipheko.
- Isifo seswekile: Ukuba nesifo seswekile (ingakumbi uhlobo lwesibini) ixesha elide kuyingozi. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ukuqala kwesifo seswekile ngequbuliso nako kungaba luphawu.
- I-pancreatitis engapheliyo: Ukudumba kwe-pancreas ixesha elide.
- Imbali yosapho kunye nezinto ezibangela ufuzo: Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba umntu kusapho (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo) ukhe waba nomhlaza wepancreatic okanye uneziguquguquko zofuzo ezinxulumene nomhlaza ofana ne -BRCA1 kunye ne -BRCA2 .
- Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezifana nezibulali zinambuzane kunye neekhemikhali ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum.
- Ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba unomhlaza wepancreatic ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, uya kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa esi sifo.
1. Uvavanyo lomfanekiso
Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yepancreas kunye namalungu angqongileyo ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ithumba na kwaye lisasazeke kangakanani.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography)
- Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Iskeni sePET (Positron Emission Tomography)
- I-Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Uvavanyo olusondeleyo lwepancreas kusetyenziswa ikhamera kunye neskena esiqhotyoshelwe kwityhubhu encinci efakwe ngomlomo.
2. Uvavanyo lwegazi
Igazi lihlolwa iiproteni ezithile (iimpawu zethumba) eziveliswa ziiseli zomhlaza. Kumhlaza wepancreatic, inqanaba lempawu yethumba ebizwa ngokuba yi -CA 19-9 linokuphakama.
3. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji
Le yindlela eqinisekileyo yokuqinisekisa isifo. Kule nkqubo, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwi-pancreatic tumor lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na iiseli zomhlaza. Eli qhekeza lesicubu linokuthathwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-EUS.
4. Uvavanyo lwemfuza
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza. Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho unobangela wemfuza womhlaza wakho kwaye kukuncede ukhethe unyango olulungele wena.
Ukuchonga inqanaba lomhlaza (ukubeka izigaba)
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingaba ithumba likwi-pancreas okanye lisasazeke kwimithambo yegazi ekufutshane okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngamafutshane, iithumba ezinomhlaza zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili.
| Inqanaba lomhlaza | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Ingasuswa ngotyando (ingasuswa ngotyando) | Ithumba lihlala kwi-pancreas kuphela. Alisasazekanga kwimithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo. Lingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. |
| Inokuhluthwa kumda | Ithumba lidibene nemithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo, kodwa lisekwinqanaba apho ugqirha oqeqeshiweyo anokuyisusa khona. |
| Iphucuke kakhulu ekuhlaleni | Ithumba lisasazeke kakuhle kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu ejikelezileyo. Ukususwa ngotyando kunokuba nzima okanye kube yingozi. |
| I-Metastatic | Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude, ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, okanye isisu. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Indlela yonyango imiselwa kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba, indawo yethumba, kunye nempilo iyonke yesigulana.
Utyando
Eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokunyanga umhlaza wepancreatic ngokupheleleyo kukususa lonke ithumba ngotyando . Kodwa oku kungenziwa kuphela kwizigaba zokuqala, xa umhlaza uphelele kwipancreas.
- Inkqubo yeWhipple: Utyando oluphambili olwenziwayo ukuba ithumba likwintloko yepancreas. Kule nkqubo, intloko yepancreas, inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci, inyongo, kunye nee-lymph nodes ezingqongileyo ziyasuswa.
- Ukususwa kwe-pancreatectomy ekude: Ukuba ithumba lisemsileni we-pancreas, loo nxalenye kunye ne-spleen ziyasuswa.
- Ukususwa kwepancreatectomy iyonke: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kuyo yonke ipancreas, yonke ipancreas iyasuswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uthathe inaliti ye-insulin kunye neepilisi ze-enzymes zokugaya ukutya ubomi bakho bonke.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anikwa njengeepilisi okanye ngenaliti emthanjeni. Asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando, ukubulala naziphi na iiseli eziseleyo emva kotyando, okanye njengonyango oluphambili lomhlaza osele usasazekile.
Unyango ngemitha
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-X-reyi enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kunye ne-chemotherapy (chemoradiation).
Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Ezi luhlobo olutsha lwamayeza olusebenza ngokujolisa kwiiproteni ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke.
Ulawulo lweentlungu
Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wepancreatic uchaphazela imithambo-luvo ejikeleze ipancreas, ngamanye amaxesha unokubangela iintlungu eziqatha. Ke ngoko, ukulawula iintlungu yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yonyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa amayeza eentlungu afanelekileyo okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Musa ukuyinyamezela intlungu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Ngaba singasiphepha esi sifo?
Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wepancreatic, kodwa kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwiziqhamo ezintsha, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
- Nciphisa ukutya inyama ebomvu, iziselo ezineswekile, kunye nokutya okucutshungulweyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wepancreatic sisifo esingathethiyo esingabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezinje ngokutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-jaundice), iintlungu ezingapheliyo esiswini okanye emqolo, ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, kunye nokuqala kwesifo seswekile.
- Ukutshaya yingxaki enkulu ebangela lo mhlaza, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuphepha.
- Esi sifo sinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela xa sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unezi mpawu okanye izinto ezinobungozi ezingasentla, musani ukoyika okanye ukulibazisa ukubona ugqirha ukuze nifumane icebiso.
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