Masifunde ngakumbi nge-encephalitis. Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle koloyiko!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esivakala sibi kakhulu. Loo mkhuhlane wobuchopho, okanye njengoko oogqirha besibiza njalo (i-Encephalitis) . Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kancinci, ukuba silazi kakuhle, singathatha inyathelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, masibone ukuba yintoni, kutheni isenzeka, kwaye singalumka njani?

Yintoni le ngculaza yobuchopho (i-Encephalitis)?

Ngamafutshane, i-encephalitis kukudumba okanye ukudumba okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu . Njengokuba ukudumba kwenzeka xa senzakala kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wethu, oku kunokwenzeka nasengqondweni. Uninzi lwexesha, kubangelwa yintsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"acute viral encephalitis", nto leyo ethetha umkhuhlane wengqondo obangelwa yintsholongwane. Elinye igama yi-"aseptic encephalitis". Zonke ezi zibhekisa kwimeko efanayo.

Ngubani ofumana oku kakhulu?

I-Encephalitis sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Ayenzeki kuwo wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba naso.

• Kwabantwana abancinci
• Kwabantu abadala (oko kukuthi, kwabo bafana nootatomkhulu noomakhulu bethu)
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka . Oko kukuthi, abo imizimba yabo ingakwazi ukulwa nezifo. Umzekelo, abantu abane-HIV/AIDS, abantu abanezifo ezifana nomhlaza, okanye abantu abasebenzisa amayeza acinezela inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela komzimba basengozini enkulu.

Ngokweengxelo ezivela kwimibutho efana neWorld Health Organisation (CDC), amawaka abantu afumana esi sifo minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba abantu abaninzi banokugula sesi sifo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha azibonakali kakuhle, okanye ziqala njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, abantu abaninzi basenokungazi ukuba yi-encephalitis.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zoku zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu , ngelixa abanye bezifumana rhoqo .

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba isifo asibi kakhulu...

Xa isifo singabi qatha kangako, iimpawu ezifana nezi zinokubonakala:

• Umkhuhlane uyakhula.
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• I-Anorexia (ukungaziva ngathi ufuna ukutya)
• Ukuziva ulahlekelwe ngamandla
• Kuvakala ngathi kukuva ubunzima emzimbeni .

Ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu...

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo (encephalitis) siba sibi kakhulu, iimpawu zinokuba zibi kakhulu .

• Ndifumana umkhuhlane ombi kakhulu.
• Intloko yam ibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuziva unesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Intamo iba lukhuni, kube nzima ukuyigoba (intamo iqine)
• Ukudideka - Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo yakho ididekile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukukhumbula into oyenzayo okanye apho ukhoyo.
• Utshintsho lobuntu bakho - Usenokungabi ngulo mntu wawunguye ngaphambili.
• Ukungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzulaUkuxhuzula/ukuxhuzula kusenokubakho.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuqonda oko kuviwayo
• Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo nokuva izandi ezingekhoyo (imibono)
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Ndiziva ndilele ngakumbi
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo (coma) kunokwenzeka.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu zinzima, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko , kuba oku kunokuba yingxamiseko.

Banjani oomakazi bobisi kunye nabantwana abancinci?

Kunokuba nzima kancinci ukubona ezi mpawu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukuthetha. Kuba abaqondi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kubo. Ngoko ke, njengabazali, kufuneka siziqwalasele ezi zinto:

• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuba umphezulu wentloko ubonakala ugcwele okanye uvuvukile, yi "indawo ethambileyo evuvukileyo / i-fontanel" - indawo ethambileyo ephezu kwentloko yomntwana.
• Ukuba umntwana uyaqhubeka ekhala, okanye ukhala ngakumbi xa umphakamisa okanye umchukumisa .
• Ukuqina komzimba
• Ukuba ulele, awudlali, kwaye ubonakala ungaphili (ukudinwa)

Cinga ngayo, ngamanye amaxesha iqala njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ize emva koko kuvele ezi mpawu (ze-Encephalitis). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esi sifo sinokuvela ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesilumkiso kwangaphambili . Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.

Kutheni oku (i-Encephalitis) kwenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Ihlala ibangelwa ziintsholongwane . I-Encephalitis inokubangelwa ngamaqela amathathu aphambili eentsholongwane:

1. Iqela leentsholongwane zeHerpes `(iintsholongwane zeHerpes)`:

• Sonke siyayazi intsholongwane ebangela i-chickenpox .
• Le ntsholongwane ibizwa ngokuba yi-`EBV (i-Epstein-Barr virus). Yile nto ibangela esi sifo `(mono)` (i-mononucleosis esulelayo).
• Intsholongwane ye-herpes simplex yiyo ebangela imilebe eqhekekileyo kunye namadyungudyungu emlonyeni.

2. Iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezidluliselwa zizinambuzane:

• Intsholongwane yeWest Nile yintsholongwane edluliselwa kukulunywa ziingcongconi.
• Izifo ezidluliselwa ziincukuthu. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane ezibangela isifo seLyme kunye nomkhuhlane onamabala eRocky Mountain .

3. Iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezaziqhelekile ebuntwaneni kodwa ngoku zincitshisiwe ngenxa yokugonywa:

• I-Mascus
• Iingqukuva
• I-measles yaseJamani

"Ngethamsanqa, ngoku ekubeni kukho imijovo yezi zifo, ukwanda kwezi (encephalitis) kuphantsi kakhulu. Elo lixabiso lemijovo."

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu ziphambili, i-encephalitis inokubangelwa zezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Ngenxa yezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Umzekelo, kukho uhlobo lomkhuhlane wobuchopho olubizwa ngokuba yi-bacterial meningitis , njengengxaki yalo.
• Njengengxaki yezinye izifo ezisulelayo, ezifana ne -syphilis .
• Kuba sisidalwa esibangela iintsholongwane . Umzekelo ngu `(toxoplasmosis)`. Oku kungadluliselwa ngendle yeekati ezineentsholongwane, ingakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba kwenziwa uvavanyo olungakanani na, unobangela we-encephalitis awunakufunyanwa . Kufuneka sikukhumbule oko.

Ngaba i-Encephalitis sisifo esosulelayo?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukuba ukudumba kwengqondo akudluliswa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane ebangela i-encephalitis inokudluliselwa . Umzekelo, ukuba i-encephalitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-chickenpox, intsholongwane ye-chickenpox inokudluliselwa komnye umntu. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana i-encephalitis xa loo ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengokuzikhusela komzimba komntu kunye nohlobo lwentsholongwane.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto (i-Encephalitis)?

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unesifo se-encephalitis, baya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze baqinisekise ukuba unesi sifo.

• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Olu vavanyo lunokubonakala ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• I-CT scan (i-CT scan - i-computed tomography scan)
• Iskeni se-MRI (i-MRI - i-magnetic resonance imaging)

Ezi scan zijonga ukudumba, ukopha, okanye ezinye iingxaki engqondweni.

• I-EEG (i-electroencephalogram): Le isetyenziselwa ukurekhoda amaza ombane engqondweni. Le ingasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga iibhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane egazini. Lujonga nokuba kukho iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies , eziveliswa emzimbeni ngokuchasene nentsholongwane.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / i-spinal tap: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ulwelo oluncinci lwe-cerebrospinal, ulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo, kwaye ulujonge ukuba luneempawu zosulelo. Nangona kusenokuvakala ngathi kuyoyikisa, oogqirha bakwenza oku ngononophelo olukhulu kwaye kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

Iphathwa njani i-Encephalitis?

Abantwana abaninzi abane-encephalitis kufuneka bahlale esibhedlele ukuze bafumane unyango, ngamanye amaxesha kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu .Unyango lwenziwa kwi-"ICU - iyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu". Apho, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi bahlala bejonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntwana, izinga lentliziyo yakhe, ukuphefumla kwakhe, kunye namanqanaba olwelo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukudumba kwengqondo okuqhubekayo.

Iindidi zamayeza anikiweyo

Oogqirha basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza kuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye neempawu zesifo:

• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Ezinye iintlobo ze-encephalitis, umzekelo ezo zibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex, zinokunyangwa ngala mayeza.
• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zinikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba engqondweni.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula: Ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuxhuzula, la mayeza anikwa ukuze alawule isifo sakhe.
• Iintlungu ezixhaphakileyo: Ungayinika i-acetaminophen (efana ne-paracetamol) yomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Ezi zingathengwa kwikhemesti.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Ngenxa yoko, ekubeni uninzi lweemeko ze-encephalitis zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ii-antibiotics azisetyenziswa rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zibangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, ke ii-antibiotics ziyanikwa.

Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nemiphumo yexesha elide

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ngokupheleleyo kwi-encephalitis, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, ukudumba kwengqondo kunokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide .

• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Iingxaki zentetho
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva
• Ukunqongophala kolawulo lwemisipha

Kwiimeko ezinje, unyango olufana nonyango lokuthetha, unyango lomzimba, okanye unyango lomsebenzi lunokunceda.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kwesi sifo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isigaba esikhawulezileyo sesi sifo (xa iimpawu zinzima kakhulu) singathatha malunga neveki . Kodwa ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo kuthatha ixesha elide . Kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Kuyahluka kumntu nomntu.

Ngaba i-encephalitis ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo i-encephalitis. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuzikhusela kwezinye izifo ezinokubangela esi sifo .

• Iigonyo: Iigonyo ezinikwa abantwana besebancinci zinokubakhusela kwizifo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, landela ishedyuli yokugonya kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.
• Hlala kude nabantu abaneentsholongwane: Ukuba umazi umntu one-encephalitis, kuphephe ukusondela kuye (ingakumbi ukuba isifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane).
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu kusapho lwakho abe nalo mkhwa.

Wenza ntoni ukuze uzikhusele kwiingcongconi?

Kubalulekile ukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi, kuba zinokubangela i-encephalitis, intsholongwane edluliselwa ziingcongconi.

• Iingcongconi zininzi kakhulu kusasa nangokuhlwa (ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kwelanga nangaphambi kokutshona kwelanga). Zama ukuphepha ukuba phandle kangangoko unako ngala maxesha.
• Nxiba impahla egquma umzimba wakho xa uphuma phandle, njengeehempe ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde.
• Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane .
• Susa amanzi amileyo ekhayeni lakho. Ukuba amanzi aqokelelana kwiibhakethi, kwiindawo zokuhlambela iintaka, kwiimbiza zeentyatyambo, kwiitayara, njl.njl., ezi ziindawo zokuzalela iingcongconi.

Ungazikhusela njani kwiikhakhayi?

Izifo ezithwalwa ziincukuthu (i-encephalitis) nazo zinokuba ngunobangela.

• Nciphisa ukuchanabeka rhoqo kwabantwana emhlabeni, emagqabini, nakumasebe emithi .
• Xa udlala ngaphandle, njengasehlathini, nxiba impahla enemikhono emide, enemibala ekhanyayo kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde .
• Xa abantwana bakho bebuya emini, bajonge ukuba abanazo na iimpukane . Kwakhona jonga nezilwanyana zasekhaya (izinja, iikati).

Ufanele uye nini ngokuqinisekileyo kugqirha?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo . Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko . Kungcono ungalibazisi.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ophezulu , ingakumbi ukuba ukhe waba nesifo sobuntwana (esifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, okanye i-chickenpox) okanye uyaphola kweso sifo , xelela ugqirha.

Ufanele ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu:

• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuxhuzula /ukuxhuzula
• Intamo eqinileyo
• Ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo
• Ukubona izinto zimbini (ukubona kabini)
• Ubunzima bokuhamba
• Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuva
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa ingalo okanye umlenze
• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwindawo ethile emzimbeni
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubuntu
• Iingxaki zememori
• Ukulala kakhulu okanye ukudinwa
• Ukuquleka

Kuthekani ukuba usana oluncinci lunezi mpawu?

Ukuba umntwana oncancisayo kwaye engakwazi ukuthetha unezi mpawu , mse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko :

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) kumntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala .
• Ukuba incam yempumlo igcwele kwaye idumbile .
• Ukuba umzimba uziva uxinene, ukuba kukho ukugoba.
• Ukuba ufumana ubuthathaka okanye ukozela okugqithisileyo.
• Ukuba awunamdla wokutya okanye unciphile ekutyeni ubisi .
• Ukuba uyahlanza .
• Ukuba uqhubeka ulila ungayeki .

Ukuba ubona ezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa. Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, nangona i-encephalitis okanye i-brain fever iyinto enzima, ukuyiqonda kusenza sikwazi ukuthatha inyathelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

• Qaphela iimpawu: Yiba nexhala ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, ukuxhuzula, intamo eqinileyo, okanye ukutshintsha kwengqondo) kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwakhona qaphela utshintsho oluyenzeka kubantwana abancinci (njengokukhala rhoqo, isisu esidumbileyo, okanye ukungabi namdla wokutya).
• Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza: Ukuba unamathandabuzo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kakhulu.
• Gonyelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo: Ukugonyelwa kwabantwana ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokuthintela ezinye izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis.
• Landela amanyathelo okhuseleko: Zikhusele kwiingcongconi nakwiincukuthu. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni nonke!

Umkhuhlane wobuchopho , i-Encephalitis, Izifo zobuntwana, Usulelo lweentsholongwane, Ukudumba kobuchopho, Iimpawu, Unyango, Ukudumba kobuchopho, Iimpawu zosana, Uthintelo