Sonke sihlala sisiva ngezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Kodwa kukho iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane esingathethi kakhulu ngazo, kodwa ezinokubangela iingxaki ezithile zempilo, ingakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeqela leentsholongwane ezihlala kwindawo esingqongileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zingena emizimbeni yethu zize zibangele izifo.
Yintoni le NTM?
Ngamafutshane, i-NTM sisifinyezo se- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria . Eli liqela leebhaktheriya. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngesifo sephepha kunye neqhenqa. I-NTM liqela lee-mycobacteria ezinxulumene neebhaktheriya ezibangela ezo zifo, kodwa azibangeli ezo zifo zimbini.
Ezi ntsholongwane zinokufumaneka phantse naphi na kwindawo esingqongileyo. Zihlala ngakumbi emhlabeni, eluthulini nasemanzini. Uninzi lwexesha, nokuba ezi ntsholongwane zingena emizimbeni yethu, asizukugula. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo baneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka, banokosulelwa.
Zeziphi iindawo zomzimba ezinokuchaphazela usulelo lwe-NTM?
- Imiphunga: Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo losulelo ziintsholongwane zemiphunga.
- Igazi
- Amathambo (ngokufutshane, amathambo)
- Ii-lymph nodes (ukudumba)
- Ulusu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo
Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu ophilileyo onenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba entle akasoloko efumana usulelo ngaphandle kwemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ebuthathaka, olu sulelo lunokusasazeka (lusasazeke) emzimbeni wonke.
Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-NTM?
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokosuleleka yi-NTM. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezininzi, ukubakho kwezi mpawu zodwa akuthethi ukuba kukho usulelo lwe-NTM.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:
- Umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka
- Ukudinwa
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo, ezinye iimpawu ezithile zinokuvela ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yosulelo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Indawo yosulelo | Iimpawu ezithile ezinokubonwa |
|---|---|
| Ulusu | Intlungu, ukubomvu, ukudumba, izilonda okanye izilonda, ukurhawuzelela. |
| Amathambo kunye namalungu (iMusculoskeletal) | Intlungu yamalungu kunye nokuqina kwamalungu. |
| Imiphunga | Ukukhohlela (ngamanye amaxesha kuba negazi kwi-mucus), ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
Ingaba olu sulelo lwe-NTM lwenzeka njani?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le ntsholongwane ikwindawo esikuyo, ngoko ke kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo esinokuyifaka ngazo emizimbeni yethu.
- Ngamanzi: Ngokusela, ukuhlamba, okanye ukuhlamba ngamanzi aneentsholongwane ze-NTM.
- Ngokuphefumla: Ngokuphefumla iintsholongwane ezikwindawo esingqongileyo. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kumntu osele enesifo semiphunga.
- Ngezixhobo zonyango: Ngezixhobo zonyango ezifakwe emzimbeni (umzekelo, iityhubhu ezifana nomgca ophakathi wemithambo yegazi) okanye izixhobo zotyando.
- Ngeenaliti: Ngeenaliti ezingcolileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukujova iziyobisi, ukujova iziyobisi, okanye ukwenza iitattoo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kungathatha ixesha elide ukuba ezi ntsholongwane zingene emzimbeni zize zibangele iimpawu. Ngenxa yoko, kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba ulufumene phi kwaye njani olu sulelo.
Ingaba oku kusulela umntu komnye umntu?
Hayi. Usulelo lwe-NTM aluqhelekanga ukuba ludluliselwe ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngenxa yoko, aluthathwa njengesifo esosulelayo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona le ntsholongwane isijikelezile, asisithi sonke esigulayo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana olu sulelo.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka | Ukuba une-HIV, umhlaza, okanye enye imeko ebuthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho. |
| Amayeza okuthintela amajoni omzimba | Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba. |
| Isifo semiphunga esele sikhona | Ukuba unezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-cystic fibrosis, i-bronchiectasis, i-asthma okanye i-emphysema. |
| Izixhobo ezifakwe emzimbeni | Ukuba unemibhobho emzimbeni wakho (umz. umgca wemithambo ephakathi, ityhubhu yokuphefumla, ityhubhu yokutyela). |
Ukongeza, abafazi abane-low body mass index (BMI) kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo ezifana ne-GERD (isifo se-acid reflux) kunye ne-scoliosis basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo lwe-pulmonary NTM.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zosulelo lwe-NTM zifana nezinye izifo, kufuneka uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze luxilongwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ugqirha uza kulandela la manyathelo:
1. Ukubuza ngeempawu zakho: Siza kumamela ngononophelo ukuze sifumanise ngokungonwabi kwakho.
2. Ukujonga imbali yakho yempilo: Ukubuza ngezinye izifo onazo kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.
3. Ukungabandakanywa kwezinye izifo: Qinisekisa ukuba awunazo ezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo okanye iimeko zempilo.
4. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo: Isampuli yegazi, yezicubu, okanye yesikhohlela ithunyelwa kuvavanyo lwelebhu (`culture`) ukuze kukhangelwe iintsholongwane ze-NTM.
Uvavanyo lokuxilonga
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
- Iskeni ye-CT
- I-Bronchoscopy: Inkqubo apho ityhubhu encinci enekhamera idluliselwa emiphungeni ukuze ihlolwe.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo enesifo ukuze lihlolwe.
- Uvavanyo lwe-asidi-fast bacilli: Ukufunyanwa kwe-mycobacteria kwisampulu ye-sputum, igazi, okanye izicubu.
Eyona ndlela yokwazi ukuba une-NTM kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane uvavanyo olufunekayo. Awunakukwazi ukufumanisa oku ngokwakho.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Ukunyanga usulelo lwe-NTM yinkqubo ende. Oogqirha badla ngokunika umxube weentlobo ezimbini okanye ezintathu zamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . La mayeza anokufuneka athathwe kangangeenyanga ezili-12 ukuze acoce ngokupheleleyo usulelo.
Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe izicwili ezonakeleyo. Kwiintsholongwane zemiphunga, kucetyiswa umthambo wokuphefumla kunye nonyango lokunceda ukususa ulwelo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
Ewe. Ukusela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa amayeza, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho:
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuva
- Utshintsho lombono
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesingqisho sentliziyo (`i-Long QT syndrome`)
- Umonakalo wesibindi okanye wezintso
Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?
Ukuba unengxaki yemiphunga, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ebuthathaka, ukhe watyandwa, okanye ufake isixhobo sonyango emzimbeni wakho, buza ugqirha wakho ngeempawu ezinokubakho zosulelo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezikrokrisayo, musa ukulibazisa ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu eziqatha ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
| Uphawu oluqatha | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (103 Fahrenheit). |
| Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla | Ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla. |
| Iintlungu zesifuba | Ukuba unentlungu eqatha esifubeni. |
| Ukudideka | Ukuba unenkumbulo engapheliyo, ukungabikho kwenkumbulo yendawo okanye ixesha. |
| Usulelo lwenxeba | Ukuba indawo yotyando okanye inxeba libomvu, lidumbile, libuhlungu, okanye alipholi. |
Ndingazikhusela njani kolu sulelo?
Ukuba unesifo semiphunga okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuphepha iindawo apho iintsholongwane ze-NTM zixhaphake khona.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iibhafu ezishushu: ingakumbi ezo zingaphakathi, ezivalekileyo.
- Ziphephe izitshizi ze-cold mist: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezitshizi ezivelisa amathontsi amancinci anokuphefumlwa.
- Lumka xa usebenza ngomhlaba: Nxiba imaski yobuso kunye neeglavu, ingakumbi xa usebenza ngomhlaba wokufaka izitya.
- Kuphephe ukwenza iitattoo: Kukho umngcipheko wokosuleleka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingcolileyo.
Usulelo lwe-NTM luyinto engaqhelekanga. Kodwa ukuba uyifumana, ukuxilongwa kunye nenkqubo yonyango ingathatha ixesha. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde. Thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ixesha lonke. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki oyifumanayo ngexesha lonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-NTM luhlobo lwe-mycobacteria olungabangeli isifo sephepha okanye iqhenqa, kodwa luhlala kwindawo esingqongileyo (umhlaba, amanzi).
- Ezi zifo aziqhelekanga ukusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kunye nabo banesifo semiphunga basengozini enkulu yosulelo lwe-NTM.
- Iimpawu ezinje ngokukhohlela, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, kunye nokuncipha komzimba zinokubakho, kwaye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Unyango luza kufuna iinyanga zee-antibiotics, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela icebiso lezonyango.
- Ukuba kuvela iimpawu eziqatha, kufuneka uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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