Uyakhumbula ubhubhane we-SARS owasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo? Mhlawumbi wawungumntwana ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19, sonke sifunde lukhulu ngezifo zokuphefumla. Ngoko ke, masithethe kancinci ngobhubhane we-SARS owasoyikisa ihlabathi kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukwazi oku kuya kusinceda sijongane neemeko ezifanayo kwixesha elizayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-SARS?
Ngamafutshane, i-SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) sisifo esibi esichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, inkqubo esiphefumla kuyo. Sasasazeka kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2002 nango-2003.
Esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane ephuma kusapho lwe-coronavirus. Sibizwa ngokuba yi -SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) . Ewe, uqikelele kakuhle, esi sisihlobo esisondeleyo sentsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).
Ngelo xesha, uninzi lwabantu abanesifo se-SARS ekuqaleni babonisa iimpawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesigulane esinye okanye ezibini kwezilishumi (oko kukuthi i-10% - 20%) safumana isifo esibi kakhulu.
Ngethamsanqa, akukho matyala e-SARS axeliweyo naphi na emhlabeni ukususela ngo-2004. Kodwa kusabalulekile ukufunda ngesi sifo.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-SARS?
Bekukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ze-SARS. Makhe sizijonge ngokusondeleyo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu oqhubekayo | Olu luphawu oluphambili nolokuqala: umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka unganciphi. |
| Ukungcangcazela nokuziva ubanda | Kunye nomkhuhlane, ungaziva ubanda kwaye ungcangcazele. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomzimba obuhlungu | Njengokuba ubanjwe ngumkhuhlane, umzimba wakho uyaqaqamba kwaye nentloko yakho iyaqaqamba. |
| Ukukhohlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla | Ukukhohlela okomileyo kunye nokuphefumla kancinci kunokwenzeka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokuqala kweempawu zokuqala. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Abanye abantu babonakalise iimpawu ezifana norhudo kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu. |
Kwabanye abantu, kwavela njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kwaza kwaba ngcono. Kodwa kwabanye, esi sifo saba sibi kakhulu saza sachaphazela imiphunga.
Sasasazeka njani esi sifo?
Oku kusasazeka njengeCovid-19.
- Amathontsi okuphefumla: Le ntsholongwane ikhona kumathontsi amancinci (amathontsi okuphefumla) aphuma empumlweni nasemlonyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ukuba la mathontsi angena kwindlela yokuphefumla yomntu okufutshane, anokusasaza isifo.
- Ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcolileyo: Xa umntu onesifo esosulelayo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, intsholongwane ingahlala kwiindawo ezifana neetafile kunye nezibambo zomnyango. Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa ezo ndawo aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo akhe ngesandla esifanayo esingcolileyo, intsholongwane ingangena emzimbeni.
Uyabona, akunjalo? Ukubaluleka kokuhlamba izandla zakho kuhlala kufana.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-SARS?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-SARS ayibangeli ukugula okukhulu kubo bonke abantu, kodwa abo baye baba neengxaki ezinkulu.
- I-Pneumonia: Usulelo kunye nokudumba kwemiphunga.
- I-Hypoxia: Ukuncipha komthamo weoksijini ofikelela egazini nakwizicubu zomzimba. Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla: Imiphunga ayikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Kwimeko ezinjalo, izigulane azikwazi ukuphefumla zodwa kwaye kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kwi -mechanical ventilation .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba esi sifo asisasazeki ngoku. Ngoko ke, nangona sisazi ngale nto, akukho mfuneko yokoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
Ngaba i-SARS ne-COVID-19 ziyafana?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Impendulo ithi, "Hayi, ezi zizifo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo." Kodwa ekubeni zombini ezi zifo zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini zeentsholongwane kusapho lwe-coronavirus, kukho ukufana nokwahluka phakathi kwezi zimbini. Masibone ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Ingongoma | I-SARS | I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19) |
|---|---|---|
| Intsholongwane | I-SARS-CoV-1 | I-SARS-CoV-2 |
| Izinga lokusasazeka | Ayisuleli kangako kuneCovid-19. | Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. |
| Ukusasazeka kwangaphambili kweempawu | Izihlandlo ezininzi, esi sifo sasisosulela kakhulu emva kokuba kuvele iimpawu. | Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa kwabanye kwanangaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu (ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iimpawu). Yiyo loo nto kunzima kakhulu ukusilawula. |
| Ukusasazwa kwihlabathi liphela | Kuye kwaxelwa amatyala angaphezu kwama-8,000. | Kuye kwaxelwa izigidi zeziganeko, nto leyo eyaba ngubhubhane wehlabathi. |
Ngoko ke ukusasazeka kwe-SARS kwapheliswa njani?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo kweli bali. Ubhubhane we-SARS ulawulwe kuba amazwe kunye nososayensi kwihlabathi liphela basebenzisana.
- Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kwentsholongwane: Izazinzulu zifumanise ngokukhawuleza intsholongwane ebangela oku zaza zafumana iindlela zokuyivavanya.
- Ukuchonga nokwahlula izigulane: Ekubeni i-SARS yayiyeyona nto ibangela usulelo emva kokuba kuvele iimpawu, ukuvavanya abantu abaneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokubahlukanisa emakhaya okanye ezibhedlele yayilinyathelo elikhulu ekulawuleni ukusasazeka.
- Amanyathelo empilo yoluntu:Kwathathwa amanyathelo afana nokuhlola abakhweli kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nokuvala abo badibene nezigulana.
Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zinto, ihlabathi lakwazi ukunqanda ngokupheleleyo ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ye-SARS kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
Sifanele senze ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezinje?
Nangona i-SARS iphelile ngoku, kukho ezinye izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke kukho imikhwa elula yezempilo esinokuyisebenzisa ukuze sizikhusele kuzo zonke ezi zinto.
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20.
- Hlala kude nabanye abantu ukuba uyagula: Ukuba unomkhuhlane, ukhwehlela, okanye umkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kusapho lwakho nakwabanye abantu kuluntu.
- Nxiba imaski xa ugula: Ukuba kufuneka uphume xa ugula, nxiba imaski.
- Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla: Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho. Musa ukukhohlela ngqo esandleni sakho.
Ukuba le mikhwa siyenza inxalenye yobomi bethu, sinokuzikhusela kungekuphela nje kwi-SARS, kodwa nakwezinye izifo ezininzi ezisulelayo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ufumana ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nayo nayiphi na imeko yezonyango, thetha nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-SARS sisifo esibi sokuphefumla esibangelwa yi-coronavirus esasasazeka phakathi kowama-2002 nowama-2004.
- Nangona oku kunxulumene neCovid-19, zizifo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. I-Covid-19 isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kune-SARS.
- Ngethamsanqa, akukho matyala e-SARS axeliweyo ehlabathini ukususela ngo-2004. Oku kungenxa yemizamo yezempilo yoluntu ephumeleleyo.
- Imikhwa emihle yempilo, njengokuhlamba izandla rhoqo nokuhlala kude nabanye xa begula, inokusinceda sikhuseleke kuzo naziphi na izifo zokuphefumla ezinokusasazeka kwixesha elizayo.
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