Zithini ii-enzymes? Uyazi ukuba kutheni zibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Mhlawumbi sele ulivile igama elithi "iienzymes" ngaphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuzibhidanisa nevithamini. Kodwa iienzymes ziiqhawe ezincinci emizimbeni yethu ezenza umsebenzi omninzi othuleyo, kodwa obalulekileyo. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda?

Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwezi enzymes?

Ngamafutshane, ii-enzymes zizinto ezincinci ezinceda ngokukhawuleza ukusabela kweekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngako, emva kokutya ukutya, kufuneka ukugaye. Ii-enzymes zibalulekile kuzo zonke ezi nkqubo, kubandakanya ukugaya, ukujiya kwegazi, kunye nokukhula komzimba. Akuphelelanga apho, ii-enzymes zikwabandakanyeka kwindlela esebenza ngayo izihlunu zethu kunye nendlela ezinye izifo ezikhula ngayo. Enyanisweni, ii-enzymes zidlala indima enkulu kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu kunokuba unokucinga. Cinga ngako, utya isidlo. Imizimba yethu ayinakukwazi ukufunxa izinto ezifana nesitatshi, iiproteni, kunye namafutha ngokuthe ngqo. Kufuneka zahlulwe zibe ziingceba ezincinci. Yiloo nto ii-enzymes eziyenzayo. Kufana nokusika iphepha elikhulu libe ziingceba ezincinci ngesikere. Okanye, cinga ngokujiya kwegazi. Xa usikeka ndaweni ithile, kuyayimisa ukopha. Yiloo nto ii-enzymes zinceda ngayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ngaphandle kwee-enzymes, ubomi bethu buya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Zenziwa njani ezi enzymes?

Iienzymes zihlala ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo eziveliswa emizimbeni yethu . Njengoko usazi, iiproteni zizondlo ezinceda ekwakheni, ekugcineni, nasekukhuliseni izicubu ezintsha emizimbeni yethu. Ngendlela efanayo, iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes nazo ziveliswa emizimbeni yethu. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha ii-enzymes ziveliswa kwiilebhu . Sihlala sizibona ezi "njengezongezo zokutya." Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphambi kokuba uthathe into efana nale.

Ngoko ke ezi enzymes zisebenza njani? Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo?

Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. I-enzyme isebenza ngokubophelela kwi-molecule ethile ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu kwaye ikhawulezise impendulo yekhemikhali ebandakanya loo molekyuli . Yicinge njengesitshixo esingena kwisitshixo. I-enzyme nganye ine-molecule ethile esebenza kuyo, kuphela kuyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba xa sele le khemikhali iqalile ukusebenza, i-enzyme ayisetyenziswa. Oko kukuthi, i-enzyme inokubophelela kwiimolekyuli ezintsha ize yenze loo mpendulo ifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kufana nomkhandi onobuchule, osebenzisa isixhobo esifanayo ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi.

Ezinye ii-enzymes zakha izinto ngokuzidibanisa. Ezinye ii-enzymes zakha izinto. Umzekelo, ii-enzymes ezisinceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo zahlulahlula amasuntswana amakhulu okutya abe mancinci.

Ziziphi iintlobo zee-enzymes ezikhoyo?

Ungamangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba kukho amawaka ee-enzyme emizimbeni yethu! Nganye inomsebenzi wayo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo.

• UAmylase: Oku sikutyayo, njengesonka nerayisi.Inceda ekugayeni ukutya okunesitatshi .
• I-Lipase: Le enzyme inceda ekugayeni amafutha kunye namafutha.
• Iprotease: Oku kubalulekile ekugayeni ukutya okutyebileyo kwiiproteni, njengenyama, intlanzi kunye namaqanda .
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Le enzyme inceda izihlunu zethu ukuba zakha amandla. Abo baqhelisela umzimba basenokuba bevile ngale nto.
• I-Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) kunye ne-Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT ): Ezi enzyme zimbini zifumaneka kakhulu esibindini. Zinceda ekuguquleni ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla. Zilinganiswa kwiimvavanyo zegazi ezijonga iingxaki zesibindi.
• I-Thrombin: Yi-enzyme ephambili enceda ukujiya kwegazi xa kukho ukwenzakala.
• I-Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD): Le enzyme iyimfuneko ukuze iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zisebenze kakuhle.
• I-DNA Polymerase: Njengoko usazi, i-DNA yinto equlethe ulwazi lwethu lwemfuza. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuvele izicubu ezintsha kwaye umzimba ukhule, le DNA kufuneka ikopishwe. Le enzyme inceda kuloo nto.

Ezi zimbalwa nje. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-enzymes emizimbeni yethu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ngee-enzymes?

Ngamanye amaxesha, umzimba wethu usenokuswela okanye ungavelisi ngokwaneleyo i-enzyme oyidingayo. Kulapho kuvela khona iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezibangelwa ziingxaki ezinxulumene nee-enzyme:

• Ukunganyamezelani neLactose: Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Le meko yenzeka xa i-enzyme ethi "lactase" enceda ekugayeni i-lactose, iswekile efumaneka kubisi nakwiimveliso zobisi, incipha. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana negesi , iintlungu zesisu, kunye nokudumba.
• I-Phenylketonuria (PKU): Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimfuza. Sibangelwa yingxaki ye-enzyme eqhekeza i-amino acid. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni kunye neemeko ezifana nokuxhuzula. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inokunyangeka.
• I-Morquio Syndrome: Oku kubangelwa kukungabikho okanye ukungoneli kwemveliso ye-enzyme eqhekeza uhlobo oluthile lweswekile. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zokubona, zokuva, zamathambo kunye nentliziyo.
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-enzyme ethile, iiproteni ezinamafutha ziyagcinwa engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo engqondweni nasemgogodleni.
• I-Galactosemia: Oku kubangelwa yingxaki yee-enzymes eziqhekeza i-galactose, iswekile efumaneka kubisi. Oku kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kokukhula, ukutyeba kakubi, kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula ebantwaneni.
• Isifo sikaWilson: Esi sifo sibangelwa yingxaki ye-enzyme esibindini, ebangela ukuba i-metal copper iqokelele esibindini, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Isifo sikaGilbert: Le meko ibangelwa yingxaki ye-enzyme eqhekeza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin. Uphawu oluphambili kukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu, imeko efana ne-jaundice.

Zininzi izifo ezinxulumene nee-enzyme ezifana nale. Ngasinye sazo sibangelwa kukungabikho komsebenzi we-enzyme ethile.

Zithini ezi zongezo ze-enzyme zokutya?

Izongezo zeeenzyme zokutya ziienzymes ezenziwe kwimithombo yangaphandle ukunceda imizimba yethu yenze umsebenzi ofanayo noweeenzymes zomzimba wethu. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bacebisa olu hlobo lwezongezo zeeenzyme. Umzekelo:

• Inciphisa igesi kunye nokudumba kwabo bangakwaziyo ukumelana ne-lactose .
• Njengendlela yokunceda inkqubo yokugaya ukutya kubantu abaneengxaki ezifana ne -cystic fibrosis .

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale ukhumbula oku. Ezinye izongezo ze-enzyme azikuncedi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwakho kwezemidlalo okanye ukunciphisa umzimba njengoko kubhengeziwe. Amabango anjalo asenokungangqinwa ngokwesayensi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwezi zongezo kunokubangela iingozi empilweni.

Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise nasiphi na isongezelelo sokutya, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso. Angakuxelela ukuba uyasidinga okanye awusidingi, kwaye nokuba siyafaneleka na kwimpilo yakho.

Ngoko ke, sifunde ntoni kweli bali? (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngee-enzymes namhlanje, akunjalo?

• Iienzyme zizinto ezincinci kodwa ezinamandla ezinceda phantse kuyo yonke inkqubo ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Iienzyme zibalulekile kuyo yonke into ukususela ekugayweni kokutya ukuya ekujiyeni kwegazi, ekukhuleni, nasekuveliseni amandla.
• Nangona imizimba yethu ivelisa ezi enzymes, ngamanye amaxesha kukho izongezo zeenzymes ezinokuthathwa ngaphandle.
• Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwee-enzymes, oku kunokubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo.Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-enzymes kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu iyonke.
• Ayizizo zonke izongezo zee-enzyme ezithengiswayo ezisebenzela wonke umntu, ngoko ke musa ukuzizama ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba unolwazi oluhle ngee-enzymes. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!