Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Njengemibhobho ezisa amanzi endlwini, sinenkqubo 'yemibhobho' emincinci ethwala izondlo kunye neoksijini emizimbeni yethu. Le yileyo siyibiza ngokuba yimithambo, okanye `(imithambo)` ngesiNgesi. Ngaphandle kwezi, besingenakukwazi ukuphila.
Zeziphi iintlobo zemithambo yegazi ezikhoyo?
Kulungile, masibone ukuba kukho naziphi na iintlobo zale mithambo. Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. Umsebenzi wazo zombini kukuthwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye iindawo zomzimba. Uhlobo lokuqala
'yimithambo ye-Elastic' . Khawucinge nje ngayo njengokuba umntu ebetha ibhola ngesantya esiphezulu ngelixa edlala ikhilikithi, umntu oyibambayo kufuneka amelane neso santya, le mithambo ikwafumana igazi elivela entliziyweni kuqala phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kuphela emva koko badlulisela eli gazi kwezinye imithambo. Uhlobo lwesibini
'yimithambo yemisipha' . Njengomntu obamba ibhola aze abalekele kwindawo ayifunayo, le mithambo ithwala igazi iye kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngamafutshane:
- Imithambo yegazi ethambileyo : Le inemicu emininzi ethambileyo. Ithambile njengebhanti yerabha. Ikufutshane kakhulu nentliziyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-aorta kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary.
- Imithambo yemisipha : Le inemicu yemisipha egudileyo ngakumbi. Le yileyo isasaza igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Imizekelo ibandakanya umthambo we-femoral (emlenzeni), umthambo we-radial (engalweni, kufutshane nesandla, apho siva khona ukubetha kwentliziyo), kunye nomthambo we-brachial (egxalabeni).
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi?
Abantu abaninzi bayayibhidanisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Imithambo yegazi (`(Imithambo yegazi)`)- Ezi zezo zithatha igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini eninzi entliziyweni zize zilisasaze emzimbeni wonke.
- Iindonga zazo ziqinile kakhulu kwaye zinemisipha kuba kufuneka zimelane noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungena ngalo lonke ixesha intliziyo ibetha.
- Akukho zivalo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi, kuba igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela entliziyweni.
Imithambo (Sikwabiza ngokuba yimithambo)
- Ezi zinoxanduva lokubuyisela igazi elingcolileyo (elingcolileyo) elisele emva kokuba iiseli zomzimba kunye nezicubu zisebenzise ioksijini yonke. Sikwabiza eli gazi ngokuthi "ligazi elingenayo ioksijini".
- Iindonga zemithambo zincinci kunezo zemithambo kuba uxinzelelo lwegazi olungaphakathi kuzo alunamandla njengakwimithambo.
- Kukho iivalvu ngaphakathi kwimithambo. Ezi valve zithintela igazi ukuba lingaphumi libuyele umva.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwimithambo yegazi? Zinceda njani ezinye izitho zomzimba?
Umsebenzi ophambili wemithambo yegazi kukuthwala igazi elineoksijini nelinezakha-mzimba emzimbeni wonke. Intliziyo yakho ipompa eli gazi lineoksijini liye kweyona mithambo mikhulu emzimbeni, i-
I-aorta. Ukusuka apho, le aorta yahlukana ibe yimithambo emincinci, ekugqibeleni isasazeka emzimbeni wonke njengenethiwekhi. Khawucinge nje, le oksijini kunye nesondlo zibalulekile ukuze ilungu ngalinye emzimbeni wethu lisebenze. Imithambo inika ezi zinto kwilungu ngalinye. Ngokukodwa, eminye imithambo inika igazi kwilungu elithile. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:- Imithambo yentliziyo : Le yimithambo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni ngokwayo.
- Imithambo yeCarotid : Le ithwala igazi liye engqondweni, entloko, ebusweni nasentanyeni.
- Imithambo yomqolo : Iya engqondweni nakwintambo yomqolo.
- Imithambo ye-Iliac : Kummandla wesinqe.
- Umthambo we-femoral : Emilenzeni.
- Imithambo ye-Subclavian : Entloko, entanyeni, nasezingalweni.
- Imithambo yeCeliac (`(imithambo yeCeliac)`) kunye nemithambo ye-mesenteric (`(imithambo ye-mesenteric)`) : Kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya.
Ezinye izinto ezinomdla malunga nemithambo yegazi onokuthi ungazazi!
Kukho ezinye izinto ezimangalisayo kakhulu ngemithambo yegazi.- Ubusazi na ukuba imithambo yegazi ifumana imiyalezo evela kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo yegazi ephakathi ukuze 'iqine' okanye 'ivuleke'? Yile nto ilawula uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi , okanye isantya sokuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi. Imithambo yegazi idlala indima enkulu ekugcineni uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi luzinzile. Ikwalawula ubungakanani begazi elihamba ngayo. Yenza zombini ngokuzibophelela nangokuphumza izihlunu ezikwiindonga zemithambo yegazi.
- Ngalo naliphi na ixesha , malunga ne-10% yenani lilonke legazi emzimbeni wakho lingaphakathi kwimithambo yakho yegazi.
- Into emangalisayo kukuba, umthambo wemiphunga kuphela komthambo othwala igazi elingenaoksijini, okanye 'elingcolileyo'. Lo mthambo uthwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni, apho lifumana khona ioksijini.
Iphi i-artery? Ijongeka njani? Ingakanani? Yenziwe ngantoni?
Imithambo iqala nge-aorta, engumthombo omkhulu womoya othwala igazi entliziyweni. Ukusuka apho, imithambo iphuma iye kwiindlela ezincinci, njengamasebe omthi, ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo ifana neetyhubhu . Kodwa ineendonga ezityebileyo kunye nemisipha enamandla kunemithambo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka imelane noxinzelelo lwegazi elimpontshwa ngokukhawuleza yi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo. Cinga ngayo njengenkqubo yokufudumeza kwamanye amakhaya evuthela ubushushu ngemibhobho, kodwa le mithambo iguquguquka. Ngokwesayizi, umthambo wakho omkhulu, i-aorta, umalunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-25 millimeters (0.4 ukuya kwi-0.9 intshi) ububanzi.Eminye imithambo yegazi ingaba malunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-5 milimitha (0.11 ukuya kwi-0.19 intshi) ububanzi. Imithambo yegazi emincinci, ebizwa ngokuba yi-arterioles, ingaba ncinci njenge-0.30 ukuya kwi-0.01 milimitha ububanzi. Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iileya zemithambo yegazi ezenziwe ngazo. Kukho iileya ezintathu eziphambili: 1. Umaleko wangaphakathi (i-Tunica intima) : Olu lumaleko wezicubu ezineefayibha ze-elastic. 2. Umaleko ophakathi (i-Tunica media) : Kulapho uninzi lwemisipha egudileyo lufumaneka khona. Yile nto ivumela imithambo yegazi ukuba iqine okanye ikhule njengoko kufuneka. 3. Umaleko wangaphandle (i-Tunica externa) : Kulapho ezinye izicubu zidibana khona. Kwanemithambo yegazi ethumela imiyalezo kwimithambo yegazi ukuba inciphe kwaye ikhule iqhagamshelwe kolu maleko. Ziziphi izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi?
Ngelishwa, kukho izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinokonakalisa imithambo yethu yegazi. Ezinye zezi:- I-atherosclerosis : Kulapho izinto ezinje ngamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ibe mxinwa.
- I-Aneurysm : Inxalenye ebuthathaka yomthambo ophuma njengebhaluni. Ingaqhuma.
- Ihlwili legazi : Ihlwili legazi lenzeka ngaphakathi kumthambo, lithintele ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Isifo semithambo yegazi : I-atherosclerosis yemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
- Isifo semithambo ye-carotid : I-atherosclerosis yemithambo ye-carotid ehambisa igazi engqondweni.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (`(Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)`)
- I-cholesterol ephezulu (`( I-cholesterol ephezulu)`)
- Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umzimba (i-PAD) : Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni.
- I-Vasculitis : Ukudumba kunye nokuvuvukala kweendonga zemithambo yegazi.
Ziziphi iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Iimeko ezininzi, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, azibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kokuba wazi, imithambo yakho inokuba nzima kancinci kancinci ize ivaleke yi-cholesterol kunye namafutha agciniweyo (i-plaque). Ezi ngxaki zinokwenza kube nzima ukuba igazi lihambe ngemithambo yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inciphe okanye ivaleke ngokupheleleyo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu zezifo ezinxulumene nemithambo:- Intlungu yesifuba (`(Intlungu yesifuba)`)
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Istroke
- Ukungaziva mnandi okanye iintlungu ezinyaweni
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Intlungu yesisu
- Ukudinwa/ukudinwa okugqithisileyo (`(Ukudinwa)`)
Kubalulekile: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba unale mpawu, kuba ezi zinokuba zizifo ezinzulu.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yemithambo yegazi?
Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso ezinceda oogqirha babone imeko yemithambo yakho yegazi.- I-Angiography : Kule nto, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kwenziwa uvavanyo lwe-X-ray.
- I-CT scan (`(i-CT scan / i-computed tomography)`)
- Iskeni se-MRI (`(I-MRI / I-Magnetic resonance imaging)`)
- I-Echocardiogram (`(Echocardiogram)`) : Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango lwezifo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi, ukusuka kumayeza ukuya kutyando.- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: (Siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulandelayo)
- Amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi
- Amayeza anciphisa ukudumba, umzekelo, ii-corticosteroids
- I-Angioplasty : Inkqubo yokwandisa umthambo oxinyiweyo kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana nebhaluni. Ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa ne-stent.
- Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yentliziyo (`(Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yentliziyo)`)
- Utyando lokudlula kwezinye iimithambo ezivalekileyo
- Utyando lokususa amafutha kwimithambo ye-carotid : Utyando lokususa amanqatha kwimithambo ye-carotid.
Izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina imithambo yethu iphilile
Kulungile, ngoko ke singenza ntoni ukugcina loo mithambo ixabisekileyo ebesithetha ngayo iphilile? Enyanisweni, izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yakho iphilile zikwalungile kwimithambo yakho. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzenza:- Yitya ukutya okunempilo. Kuphephe ukutya okuqulethe amafutha e-trans kunye namafutha agcweleyo. Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, iinkozo ezipheleleyo kunye nefayibha engaphezulu.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Yenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
- Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (ezifana neecuba kunye nee-beedis).
- (Ukuba ungumntu omdala) Lala kakuhle phakathi kweeyure ezisixhenxe nezisithoba ubusuku ngabunye.
- Lawula uxinezeleko kakuhle.Izinto ezinje ngokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwizinto ozithandayo zokuzonwabisa zinokunceda.
- Ukuba uneengxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo seswekile, fumana unyango olufanelekileyo.
- Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
- Ukuba usela utywala, nciphisa.
Xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga ngenkqubo yentliziyo, lucinga ngentliziyo kuphela. Kodwa imithambo yegazi nayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Yiyo ethwala ioksijini, izondlo, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho ngegazi lakho. Xa unyamekela imithambo yegazi yakho, iya kukunyamekela!
Khumbula, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, fumana unyango olufunekayo kubo.
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