Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci usisithulu? (Ukulahlekelwa kukuva) - Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho akaphulaphuli kakuhle xa uthetha naye? Okanye kubonakala ngathi akanakukwazi ukuphendula kwizandi? Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba unengxaki yokuva. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukulahlekelwa kukuva' . Ungakhathazeki, ukuba siyazi ngale nto, singayilungisa kakuhle le meko.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeengxaki zokuva?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili zokulahlekelwa kukuva, okanye ukukhubazeka kokuva. Izizathu kunye nonyango lohlobo ngalunye zahlukile. Ukuchaneka, olu hlobo lolwahlulo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ingxaki ikwindawo ephi endlebeni, okanye nokuba ikwimiyalezo eya engqondweni.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuqhuba

Olu lolunye uhlobo. Ngamafutshane, ukulahleka kokuva okubangelwa kukuhamba kwesandi kwenzeka xa into ethile ithintela isandi esivela kwihlabathi langaphandle ukuba singafikeleli endlebeni engaphakathi. Cinga ngayo njengento ebambekayo kumbhobho wamanzi. Idla ngokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Usulelo lwendlebe oluhlala lukho.
• I-Earwax ithetha ukuba i-earwax iqokelelene kwaye yaba lukhuni .
• Kukho into engalunganga ngamathambo amathathu amancinci asendlebeni ephakathi.

Uninzi lwexesha, olu hlobo lokuva lunokunyangeka ngamayeza okanye ngotyando oluncinci.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural (SNHL)

Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural hearing (SNHL) kwenzeka xa kukho umonakalo kwinxalenye ebuthathaka yendlebe yangaphakathi, i-cochlea , okanye kwimithambo-luvo ethwala isandi ukusuka apho ukuya engqondweni. Oku kudla ngokuba yimbangela yokulahlekelwa kukuva ngokusisigxina.

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale meko, isenokuba yimfuza .
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza zinokwenzeka njengenxalenye yesifo semfuza .
• Ngenxa yezifo ezithile ezibangelwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye izifo ezibangelwa ngumntwana kamva (umzekelo , i-meningitis ).
• Ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza athile ayingozi ezindlebeni (iziyobisi ezinobungozi) .
• Ukusoloko uziva ingxolo enkulu kakhulu nako kunokuchaphazela oku.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo

Igama lisitsho, akunjalo? Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo kukudibana kweentlobo zokuva ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kunye neentlobo ze-sensorineural zokulahlekelwa kukuva. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ingxaki ngendlela isandi esihamba ngayo endlebeni, kwaye kukho ingxaki ngendlebe yangaphakathi okanye kwimithambo-luvo.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuphakathi

Oku kunqabile kancinci. Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuphakathiIbangelwa kukonakala kwiindawo zengqondo ezitolika kwaye zihlalutye imiqondiso yesandi evela endlebeni emva kokuba ifike engqondweni. Nokuba indlebe ilungile, ingqondo ayikwazi ukuyicubungula kakuhle.

Ingxaki yokucubungula uluvo (APD)

Le yimeko enzima kancinci. Abantwana abane -Auditory processing disorder (APD) bava kakuhle. Oko kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo lokuva lunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ingqondo inobunzima bokwahlula nokuqonda izandi ezihamba ukusuka endlebeni ukuya engqondweni, ingakumbi amagama athethwayo. Khawuthelekelele, kwigumbi elinabantu abaninzi abathethayo, kunzima ukuba umntu omnye aqonde into ayithethayo. Banokuba nobunzima bokwahlula amagama kwingxolo, ukufumana indlela yesandi, nokuqonda intetho ekhawulezayo.

Kutheni le nto kukho ukulahleka kokuva?

Umbuzo obuzwa ngabazali abaninzi ngulo, 'Kutheni oku kwenzeke kumntwana wethu?' Enyanisweni, kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana unobangela othile . Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko okwandisa amathuba okuba umntwana angabi nandlebe. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukuzalwa uneengxaki zendlebe .
• Ukukhubazeka kokuva kwamanye amalungu osapho, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni.
• Usana luzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye kwafuneka lufumane unyango kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZifo eziSandulelayo (i-NICU) emva kokuzalwa.
• Ngexesha losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, i-jaundice enezinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin elifuna utofelo-gazi.
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlebe, iindlebe ezivulekileyo, okanye ukuchanabeka kwingxolo enkulu.
• Uhlushwa zizifo ezinzulu ezifana ne -meningitis okanye i-cytomegalovirus (CMV) .
• Ukuthatha iintlobo ezithile zamayeza e-Ototoxic (ezi zinikwa kuphela xa kufuneka kakhulu ngokwengcebiso kagqirha).

Inokwenzeka ngezizathu ezinje. Kodwa khumbula, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwezi zinto.

Zithini iimpawu zokulahlekelwa kukuva?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba umntwana omncinci usenokungayiqondi into oyithethayo kuye . Oku kunzima kakhulu ukukuqonda kwiintsana ezincinci kakhulu. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva basenokungaphenduli kwizandi okanye kwintetho. Kwakhona, amandla abo okuthetha, oko kukuthi, uphuhliso lolwimi, anokubambezeleka.

Ukuba umntwana wakho akaphenduli kwezi zinto kunyaka wokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha.

Iimpawu zeentsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa kunye neentsana ezineenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala

• Usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Xa ngequbuliso beva ingxolo enkulu, bayothuka baze babonakale 'behlanza'.
• Malunga neenyanga ezi-3: Uyawaqonda amazwi kamama notata .
• Malunga neenyanga ezi-6: Ujika amehlo okanye intloko ijonge kwisandi esitshaUkuphindaphinda kuvakala ngathi 'uh...', 'ah...'.
• Iinyanga ezili-12, ezimalunga nonyaka: Uvakala ngathi 'ba ba ba', 'ma ma ma' , uphendula igama lakhe , uzama ukulinganisa amagama, uthetha amagama ambalwa afana no-'amma' kunye no-'ta ta'.

Ezi zigaba zophuhliso zibaluleke kakhulu. Nika ingqalelo ukuba ziyalibaziseka.

Iimpawu zabantwana abadala kancinci

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, iimpawu zokulahlekelwa kukuva zingabandakanya:

• Intetho incinci, ayicacanga, okanye ayithethwa kwaphela .
• Kubonakala ngathi awuyinaki into ethethwayo, kwaye awulandeli imiyalelo .
• Akaphenduli xa ethethwa ngelizwi eliqhelekileyo, okanye anike iimpendulo ezingabalulekanga .
• Xa kukho ingxolo eninzi ejikeleze wena, ukhawuleza uxhalabe kwaye uzive ukhathazekile .
• Kuya kufuneka unyuse isandi seTV kakhulu .
• Kuvela ubunzima bokufunda .

Ezinye iingxaki zokuva zinokukhula kancinci kancinci emva kokuzalwa, okanye zingabikho de kube semva kwexesha ebomini. Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nokuva komntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana wakho unokufuna ukuthunyelwa kwingcali ye-audiologist ukuze ahlolwe ngokupheleleyo ukuva.

Uyibona njani le meko?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa le ngxaki kwangethuba . Kuba ukuba unyango luqalwe ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, iziphumo ziyaphumelela kakhulu . Yiyo loo nto lonke usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ngoku luvavanywa ukuva ngaphambi kokuba luphume esibhedlele.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba awukwazanga ukuvavanya umntwana wakho ngaphambi kokuba aye ekhaya, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho wazalelwa ekhaya okanye kwenye indawo yokubelekela, qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho uvavanywa ukuva kwiiveki ezintathu zokuqala zobomi bakhe .

Ukungaphumeleli olu vavanyo lokuqala lokuhlolwa akuthethi ukuba umntwana ngokuqinisekileyo akayi kuva. Nangona kunjalo, kuthetha ukuba kufuneka aphinde avavanye ngokukhawuleza, kwinyanga enye emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba kukho ukulahlekelwa kukuva, unyango kufuneka luqalwe ngoko nangoko.

Kwanabantwana abava kakuhle kufuneka bahlolwe iindlebe zabo rhoqo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwabo rhoqo kwezonyango. Olu vavanyo lokuva ludla ngokwenziwa xa beneminyaka eyi-4, 5, 6, 8, kunye ne-10 , kunye naphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 ne-12 (abangaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibini) kunye naxa bekwiminyaka yobutsha . Ukongeza, ugqirha uza kujonga iindlebe zakho nangaliphi na ixesha ukuba kukho amathandabuzo malunga nokuva kwakho.

Iphathwa njani?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva, unobangela wako, kunye nobunzima bemeko.Ngokufanelekileyo. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva ngokusisigxina bafuna uncedo lweqela leengcali xa bebanyanga. Eli qela liquka ingcali ye-audiologist , ugqirha weendlebe, impumlo nomqala (ugqirha we-ENT) , ingcali yolwimi lokuthetha , kunye nengcali yezemfundo .

Abantwana abaneentlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa kukuva banokuncedwa ngonyango lwezonyango, unyango, kunye notyando. Makhe sijonge ukuba bayintoni na:

Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva

" Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva ziyandisa kwaye zicacise isandi. Ukuba iintsana ezizelwe zinengxaki yokuva engapheliyo ziqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva ngaphambi kokuba zibe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala , uphuhliso lwazo lolwimi lungcono kakhulu."

"Akukho nto ifana nokuthi 'olu lolona hlobo lubalaseleyo loncedo lokuva.' Ingcali yakho yesandi iza kukunceda ukhethe oluchanekileyo kwiimfuno zomntwana wakho. Abantwana abaninzi abanengxaki yokuva kuzo zombini iindlebe basebenzisa izixhobo zokuva ezimbini."

Iinkqubo zeFM

" Inkqubo ye-FM (i-Frequency modulation - inkqubo ye-FM) inciphisa ingxolo engafunekiyo yangasemva kwaye yenza ilizwi lesithethi livakale ngokucacileyo nangokuvakalayo. Khawuthelekelele utitshala kwigumbi lokufundela lesikolo enxibe imakrofoni encinci kunye ne-transmitter . Isignali yombane evela kule transmitter iya kwi- receiver , nokuba inxitywe ngumntwana endlebeni okanye iqhotyoshelwe kwisixhobo sokuva ngokwaso. Ekubeni oku kunokuthwalwa, kunokusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinengxolo."

Ii-implants ze-Cochlear

" Ii-Cochlear implants zinokunceda abantwana abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu abangakwaziyo ukufumana uncedo lokuva. Esi sisixhobo esifakelwa endlebeni ngotyando . Sisebenza ngokuthintela iindawo zendlebe ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye sivuselele ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva. Ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango, abantwana abane-cochlear implants banokufunda ukuva nokuthetha kakuhle."

Ukulungiswa/ukulungiswa kwendlebe

" Ukulungiswa kokuva yinkqubo yokunceda abantwana abazelwe benengxaki yokuva ukuba beve kwaye banxibelelane nabanye. Oku kungabandakanya i-Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) , unyango lokuthetha, ukufunda imilebe, okanye ukufunda uLwimi lweZandla lwaseMelika (ASL) . Ingcali yakho ye-audiologist kunye nogqirha baya kusebenza nawe ukumisela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunxibelelana nomntwana wakho. Abantwana abalahlekelwa kukuva njengoko bekhula bafunda ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano, ezibizwa ngokuba kukulungiswa kokuva ."

Yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi?

Nokuba umntwana akakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle, ulwimi, ukufunda, kunye nezakhono zakhe zentlalo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthumela iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci abanengxaki yokuva kwiinkqubo zokungenelela kwangethuba . Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango zasimahla kubantwana abafanelekileyo. Abantwana abadala banokufanelekela iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo xa beqala isikolo.

Ukufumana olu ncedo kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukulibaziseka kokukhula komntwana nokuphucula uphuhliso lwakhe luphela.

Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nenkxaso malunga noku kwi-intanethi. Umzekelo:

• Icandelo elithi 'Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kwabantwana' kwiwebhusayithi ye -CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) .
• Iwebhusayithi ye -American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) .

Khumbula njengesishwankathelo

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwento esiyithethileyo, bekufanele ukuba uqonde ukuba yintoni na ukulahlekelwa kukuva ebantwaneni, izizathu zako, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kunye nonyango. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unokungabaza nokuba kuncinci kangakanani malunga nokuva komntwana wakho, ungayityesheli kwaye ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

• Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nokungenelela kwangethuba zezona zinto zilungileyo kwikamva lomntwana.
• Qinisekisa ukuba lonke usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luyahlolwa ukuva olusandul’ ukuzalwa .
• Qaphela amanyathelo okukhula komntwana wakho.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unengxaki yokuva, funa uncedo kwiqela elifanelekileyo leengcali .
• Khumbula, awuwedwa. Ngenkxaso nokwazi okufanelekileyo, ungamelana nale meko ngempumelelo. Musa ukuvumela oku kumthintele umntwana wakho ekubeni aphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo njengaye nawuphi na umntwana.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva, ukuva, ukulahlekelwa kukuva ebantwaneni, Ukulahlekelwa kukuva, uvavanyo lokuva, izixhobo zokuva, izixhobo zokufakelwa i-cochlear