Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuva? Masifunde ngokulahlekelwa kukuva.

Ngamanye amaxesha ungaziva ngathi umntwana wakho omncinci akanikeli ngqalelo ingako xa uthetha, okanye akasabeli kakuhle kwizandi. Nangona oku kuqhelekile, ngamanye amaxesha esinye sezizathu zoku kungaba kukungakwazi ukuva. Ngaba singathetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hearing Loss)`, oko kukuthi, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda? Akukho nto yokoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nokulahlekelwa kukuva?

Ngamafutshane, umntwana omncinci onengxaki yokuva, okanye oko sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuthi "Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva," unobunzima bokuva nokuqonda ezinye okanye zonke izandi. Bavakalelwa kukuba isandi sikanomathotholo sehlisiwe. Kukho izizathu ezintathu eziphambili zokuba oku kwenzeke:

• Iingxaki kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendlebe: Indlebe yethu sisitho esintsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ineendawo ezibizwa ngokuba yindlebe yangaphandle, indlebe ephakathi, kunye nendlebe yangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho isiphene okanye ukuvaleka kwenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndawo, isandi sisenokungavakali kakuhle.
• Ingxaki ngemithambo-luvo ethwala isandi isise engqondweni: Qonda ukuba emva kokufumana isandi esivela endlebeni, kufuneka sithwalwe sisise engqondweni. Ukuba kukho ubuthathaka kwezi mithambo-luvo zithwala isandi, isandi asiyi kakuhle engqondweni.
• Ingxaki ngenxalenye yengqondo eqonda isandi: Kwanasemva kokuba isandi sifikelele engqondweni, kukho inxalenye ekhethekileyo yengqondo esiqonda njenge "eli lilizwi likamama," "le yingoma." Ukuba kukho ubuthathaka kuloo nxalenye, nokuba uyasiva isandi, awuyi kukwazi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni.

Ziziphi iintlobo zokulahlekelwa kukuva?

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuqhuba

Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba kukho into ethintela isandi ukuba singafiki endlebeni. Khawucinge nje, ukuba kukho into ebambekayo kumbhobho wamanzi endlwini yakho, amanzi ebengayi kuphuma.

• Kukho into engalunganga ngamathambo amancinci aphakathi kwendlebe (ezi zezona zinto zishukumisa isandi zize zisithumele ngaphakathi).
• Indlebe izaliswe zizinto ezininzi ezifana newax (siyibiza ngokuba yiearwax).
• Okanye, izinto ezifana nosulelo lwendlebe oluqhelekileyo zinokubangela ukuba olu hlobo lwengxolo luyeke.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Conductive hearing loss." Olu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva ngamanye amaxesha lunokulungiswa ngamayeza okanye ngotyando oluncinci.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural (SNHL)

Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba kukho umonakalo kwinxalenye ebuthathaka kakhulu yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea (le yinxalenye efana neqokobhe leenkumba), okanye kwimithambo-luvo ethwala isandi ukuya engqondweni.

• Oku `(Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-Sensorineural)` okanye `(SNHL)` ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto yelifa (oko kuthetha ukuba umama wakho, utata, umakhulu, okanye utatomkhulu wakho wayenayo).
• Okanye inokuba yinxalenye yesifo esithile semfuza.
• Kwakhona, ezinye izifo (umzekelo, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa) kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezinamandla zingonakalisa indlebe yangaphakathi okanye imithambo-luvo. Olu hlobo lobuthathaka ludla ngokuba lolwexesha elide.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo

Kule meko, zombini ezi zizathu zikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ze-"Conductive" kunye ne-"Sensorineural" zinokwenzeka kunye. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kwesandi esingena endlebeni, kwaye kukwakho nengxaki yendlebe yangaphakathi okanye imithambo-luvo.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuphakathi

Kwimeko enjalo, ingxaki ayikho endlebeni, kodwa ikwingqondo ngqo. Oko kukuthi, "ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuphakathi" kwenzeka xa kukho into eyonakeleyo kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula kwaye iqonda isandi. Le yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Ingxaki yokucubungula uluvo (APD)

Oku kukwakhethekile kakhulu. Abantwana abane -`(Auditory Processing Disorder)` okanye `(APD)` iindlebe zabo kunye nobuchopho babo azisebenzi kakuhle kunye. Banokuva ngokuqhelekileyo (oko kuthetha ukuba ababonisi ngxaki kwiimvavanyo zokuva), kodwa ubuchopho babo bunobunzima bokubona nokuqonda izandi, ingakumbi intetho. Kufana nokuba isignali yerediyo igqwethekile kwaye isandi saphukile, okanye amagama kwisandi awacacanga.

Zithini izizathu zokulahlekelwa kukuva?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni ukulahleka kokuva kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi zinto zikhona, umntwana omncinci unokuba nokulahlekelwa kukuva:

• Ukuzalwa unengxaki yokuva, okanye ukuba nelungu losapho (umama, utata, abantakwabo noodadewabo) ababenengxaki yokuva besebancinci.
• Usana luzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha (silubiza ngokuba kukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha) kwaye/okanye lufumene unyango kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZifo eziSandulelayo (i-NICU) .
• I-jaundice ikhula ngexesha losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kwaye inqanaba le- bilirubin egazini liyanda ukuya kwinqanaba apho kufuneka utofelo-gazi.
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlebe, ukuqhekeka kweendlebe, okanye ukuvezwa kwingxolo enkulu. Umzekelo, abanye abazali bavumela abantwana babo abancinci ukuba bamamele umculo onomsindo ngee-headphones okanye babanike amathoyizi aphezulu. Oku kungonakalisa iindlebe zomntwana ezithambileyo.
• Iintsholongwane ezifana ne -meningitis (uhlobo losulelo lobuchopho) okanye i-cytomegalovirus (uhlobo losulelo lwentsholongwane) ziye zavela.
• Amanye amayeza anokonakalisa ukuva (la abizwa ngokuba 'ngamayeza abangela ubuthi') akhuselekile ukuba umama awathathe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye akhuselekile ukuba umntwana awanike. (Oogqirha badla ngokuba nononophelo olukhulu xa benika la mayeza, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezibalulekileyo kufuneka banikwe wona).

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uzibona njani?

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuva, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci kakhulu. Basenokungakwazi ukuthi, "Andiva." Abantwana abanolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva basenokungaphenduli kakuhle kwizandi okanye kwintetho. Uphuhliso lwabo lwentetho (uphuhliso lolwimi) lunokulibaziseka. Ukuba umntwana wakho akaphenduli kakuhle kwezi zinto kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha:

Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa (iinyanga ezi-0-3):

• I-startle reflex (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'startle reflex') xa ngequbuliso usiva ingxolo enkulu.
• Ukuzola nokuyeka ukukhala xa usiva ilizwi likamama notata (malunga neenyanga ezi-3).

Malunga neenyanga ezi-4-6:

• Ukujika amehlo okanye intloko yakho ijonge kwicala lesandi esitsha.
• Ukubonisa ukhetho lwezinto zokudlala ezenza ingxolo.
• Ukuphindaphinda kuvakala ngathi "Uh...", "Ah...", "Guh...", ngokungathi uthetha wedwa.

Kwiinyanga ezisi-7-12 (unyaka omnye):

• Ukwenza izandi ezahlukeneyo ezingavakaliyo (esizibiza ngokuba 'zizandi zokubhibhidla', njengokuthi "mna", "bababa").
• Ukuphendula igama lakhe (ukujika xa kuthethwa igama lakhe).
• Ukuzama ukuqonda imiyalelo elula efana no "ta ta" kunye no "khangela ukuba umama uyeza na."
• Ukulinganisa amazwi.
• Ukuthetha amagama ambalwa alula afana nokuthi "Mama", "Tata", kunye nokuthi "Sala kakuhle".

Njengoko umntwana ekhula (emva konyaka omnye), iimpawu zokulahlekelwa kukuva zingabandakanya:

• Ukuthetha okulinganiselweyo, intetho engacacanga, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuthetha ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka.
• Kubonakala ngathi akawunaki loo nto ithethwayo, akalandeli imiyalelo (ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba umntwana ukwenza oku "ngenxa yobubi", kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokuba akaphulaphuli).
• Ukungaphenduli xa kuthethiwa ngelizwi eliqhelekileyo, okanye ukubuza ngokuphindaphindiweyo "Huh?" "Yintoni?", okanye ukunika iimpendulo ezingabalulekanga.
• Xa kukho ingxolo eninzi ejikeleze wena (umz., kwindawo enabantu abaninzi, iTV ivuliwe), kulula ukuphazamiseka, uzive ungaphumli, kwaye ube nobunzima bokuqonda into ethethwayo.
• Kufuneka ndinyuse isandi seTV okanye irediyo ukuze ndibukele/ndimamele.
• Ubunzima bokufunda nomsebenzi wesikolo.
• Ukuphendula kuphela kwizandi ezithile (umz., ukuva izandi ezivakala phezulu kodwa kungekhona ezivakala phantsi).

Kubalulekile: Ezinye iingxaki zokuva zinokukhula kancinci kancinci emva kokuzalwa, okanye zinokukhula kamva ebomini (umz. emva kokugula okanye ukwenzakala entloko). Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokuva komntwana wakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Umntwana wakho unokufuna ukuthunyelwa kwingcali ye-audiologist , ugqirha ochwephesha ekuveni.

Uyifumanisa njani kanye kanye into yokuba ulahlekelwe kukuva?

Kungcono ukubamba iingxaki zokuva kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle xa luqalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Kulapho ingqondo yomntwana ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukuze ifunde ulwimi.

• Uvavanyo lokuva lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Yiyo loo nto zonke iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zenza uvavanyo lokuva ngaphambi kokuba ziphume esibhedlele. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu kumntwana kwaye lunokwenziwa kwimizuzu embalwa.
• Ukuba awukwazanga ukuvavanya umntwana wakho ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhaya, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho wazalelwa ekhaya okanye kwiziko lokubelekela, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uvavanye ukuva komntwana wakho kwiiveki ezintathu zokuqala emva kokuzalwa.
• "Ukungaphumeleli/ukuthunyelwa" kolu vavanyo lokuva akuthethi ukuba umntwana usisithulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo lwe-audiology ngokukhawuleza, ngesiqhelo kwinyanga okanye ezimbini emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukulahlekelwa kukuva, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngoko nangoko.
• Kwanabantwana abava kakuhle kufuneka bahlolwe iindlebe zabo rhoqo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwabo rhoqo kwezonyango (ekliniki). Olu vavanyo lokuva ludla ngokwenziwa xa beneminyaka eyi-4, 5, 6, 8, kunye ne-10, kunye naxa beselula. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lokuva lunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva, unobangela wako, kunye nokuba yingozi kangakanani. Abantwana abalahlekelwe kukuva ngokusisigxina kufuneka babonwe liqela leengcali. Eli qela linokubandakanya ingcali ye-audiologist (ingcali yokuva), ugqirha weendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ugqirha we-ENT), ingcali yolwimi lokuthetha, kwaye mhlawumbi ingcali yezemfundo.

Abantwana abaneentlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa kukuva banokuncedwa ngonyango lwezonyango (umz., amayeza osulelo lwendlebe), unyango, kunye notyando (umz., ukufaka ityhubhu encinci yokukhupha ulwelo endlebeni). Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo:

• Izixhobo zokuva: Ezi zikhulisa kwaye zicacisa izandi ukuze umntwana wakho akwazi ukuva. Zifana neemakrofoni ezincinci, ezinovakalelo olukhulu ezilingana endlebeni yakho. Ukuba umntwana onengxaki yokuva engapheliyo uqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuva ngaphambi kokuba abe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, intetho yakhe kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo yakhe luyaphucuka kakhulu. Akukho ndlela okanye umenzi omnye ofanelekileyo kumntwana ngamnye. Ingcali yakho yesandi ingakunceda ukhethe esona sixhobo sokuva sifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zomntwana wakho kunye nobungakanani bendlebe. Abantwana abaninzi abanengxaki yokuva ezindlebeni zombini basebenzisa izixhobo zokuva ezimbini.

• Iinkqubo ze-frequency modulation (FM):Le nkqubo ``(FM)`` inciphisa ingxolo yangasemva ejikeleze umntwana, ivumela umntwana ukuba eve kuphela ilizwi lomntu othethayo (umz. utitshala, umama) ngokucacileyo nangokuvakalayo. Khawucinge ngeklasi yesikolo. Utitshala unxibe imakrofoni encinci kunye ne-``transmitter``. Le transmitter ithumela isignali yombane kwi-``wireless receiver`` umntwana ayinxiba endlebeni yakhe okanye encamathiselwe ngqo kwisixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva. Ekubeni inokuthwalwa, ingasetyenziswa ekhaya, esikolweni, okanye kwiindawo apho kukho ingxolo eninzi khona.

• Ii-Cochlear implants: Ii-Cochlear implants zinokuba luncedo olukhulu kubantwana abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu okanye enzulu abangakwaziyo ukufumana uncedo kwii-hearing aid. Ezi zizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo ezifakwa endlebeni ngotyando. Zidlula kwiindawo zendlebe ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zivuselela ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva. Nje ukuba zifakwe, kunye noqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye nonyango lokuthetha, abantwana abane-cochlear implant banokufunda ukuva ngcono nokuthetha ngokucacileyo.

• Ukulungiswa/ukulungiswa kokuva: Le yinkqubo yokufundisa abantwana abazelwe benengxaki yokuva ukuba bamamele kwaye banxibelelane. Oku kungabandakanya izinto ezifana ne -Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) , unyango lokuthetha, ukufunda intetho/imilebe, okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufunda ulwimi lwezandla (njengoLwimi lweZithombe lwaseMelika (ASL) okanye ulwimi lwezandla lwasekuhlaleni). Ingcali yakho ye-audiologist kunye nogqirha baya kusebenza nawe ukunceda umntwana wakho afumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunxibelelana. Abantwana abadala abalahlekelwa yindlebe yabo bafunda ezi zakhono zonxibelelwano ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hearing rehabilitation.

Yintoni enye endifanele ndiyazi?

Nokuba umntwana ulahlekelwa kukuva kancinci, oko kukuthi, kancinci, kunokubangela iingxaki ngentetho yakhe, ulwimi, ukufunda, kunye nezakhono zakhe zentlalo. Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa iintsana nabantwana abancinci abanengxaki yokuva kufuneka bathunyelwe kwinkonzo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"early intervention." Le yinkqubo ebonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango zasimahla okanye ezingabizi kakhulu kubantwana abafanelekileyo. ESri Lanka, iinkonzo ezinjalo zikwaphunyezwa yiSebe lezeMpilo kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo engekho phantsi korhulumente. Ungayifumana ngokubuza igosa lenkonzo yezempilo yosapho okanye ugqirha wakho. Abantwana abadala banokufanelekela "iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo" xa besiya esikolweni.

Khumbula, awuwedwa.Kukho iindawo zokufumana uncedo nolwazi xa ujongene nemeko efana nale. Buza ugqirha wakho, ingcali ye-audiologist, okanye abanye abantu ngayo. Ungafumana amandla nolwazi oluninzi ngokujoyina amaqela enkxaso aqulunqwe nabanye abazali babantwana abanale meko.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ungakhumbula ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako namhlanje.

• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaphoswa luvavanyo lokuva olufunyanwa ngumntwana wakho emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, nokuba mancinci, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulibazisa.
• Ayizizo zonke iingxaki zokuva ezifanayo: kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki kubalulekile kunyango.
• Kukho unyango: Ubuchwepheshe buphucuke kakhulu kule mihla. Zininzi izinto ezinokunceda umntwana, ezifana nezixhobo zokuva, ii-cochlear implants, kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo.
• Ukungenelela kwangoko kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu: kunceda intetho yomntwana, ukufunda, kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye abantu. Kuvula indlela yokuba umntwana aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo njengabanye abantwana.
• Awuwedwa: kukho oogqirha, iingcali, kunye namaqela enkxaso ukukunceda nokukukhokela kolu hambo. Fumana uncedo lwabo.

Ukunyamekela ukuva komntwana wakho lutyalo-mali olukhulu kwikamva lakhe lonke. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva, ukuva, abantwana abancinci, ukuhlolwa kokuva kweentsana, izixhobo zokuva, izixhobo zokufakelwa i-cochlear, unyango lokuthetha