Ngaba une-platelet ephantsi egazini lakho? Masithethe ngale nto (Thrombocytopenia)!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinokuvakala sinzulu kancinci, kodwa ukuba siqondwa kakuhle, sinokulawulwa kakhulu. Oko kukuncipha kweeplatelets egazini, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-(Thrombocytopenia) ngokwezonyango. Usenokuba ulivile eli gama kugqirha, okanye usenokuba ulibonile kwingxelo yegazi. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Okokuqala, masibone ukuba zeziphi ezi platelet zegazi kwaye kutheni zibaluleke kangaka kuthi?

Cinga ngale ndlela: iiplatelets zizakhiwo ezincinci ezifana nezomkhosi ezihamba ngemithambo yegazi yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, luhlobo lweseli encinci kakhulu, engenambala. Njengezinye iiseli egazini lethu, iiplatelets ziveliswa kwizicubu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow.

Ngoku ubuza, kutheni ke siwadinga la majoni amancinci? Nantsi into ebalulekileyo: Xa senzakala ndaweni ithile size siqale ukopha, njengaxa siya emfazweni, la ma-platelet ngawona aqalayo ukukhawuleza aye apho aze adibane ukuze enze i-blood clot (`(i-clot)`) ukunqanda ukopha. Kufana naxa ubeka isamente emngxunyeni eludongeni. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kwama-platelet, kwanenxeba elincinci lisenokungakwazi ukunqanda ukopha. Ngaba uyaqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani oko?

Ngoko ke, yintoni le platelet count iphantsi, okanye i-thrombocytopenia?

Ngamafutshane, i-thrombocytopenia iyenzeka xa igazi lakho linenani elingaphantsi kweleqhelekileyo lee-platelet. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu ophilileyo unee-platelet eziphakathi kwe-1.5 ne-4.5 yezigidi kwi-microliter yegazi. Xa eli nani lihla ngaphantsi kweli, silibiza ngokuba yi-thrombocytopenia.

Kodwa nantsi into: ukuhla okuncinci kwi-platelets akusoloko kuyinto enkulu. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni iphantsi kangakanani, kutheni iphantsi, kwaye ikhawuleza kangakanani ukuhla. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha.

Kutheni sineeplatelet eziphantsi? Zithini izizathu?

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba iiplatelets zegazi zibe phantsi. Masizahlule zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Ukuba ukuveliswa kweeplatelets zegazi ngumongo wethambo kuncipha:

Besithethe ngaphambili ngendlela iiplatelets ezenziwa ngayo kumongo wethambo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ingxaki ngalo mongo wethambo kwaye ukuveliswa kweeplatelets kuncipha, inani leeplatelets egazini liyancipha. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela oku:

• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane: Umzekelo, izifo ezinje nge-dengue fever, i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-HIV zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wethambo.
• Amayeza athile: Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza (iChemotherapy), amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye ne-diuretics nazo zinokuchaphazela umongo wethambo.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Oku kungonakalisa nomongo wamathambo.
• Ukunqongophala kweevithamini: Ukuba umzimba awunayo ivithamini B12 eyaneleyo (`(Vitamin B12)`) okanye i-folate (`(Folate)`), ukuveliswa kweeplatelet zegazi kunokuncipha.
• Umhlaza wegazi: Umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia unokubangela ukuba umongo wethambo uyeke ukuvelisa iiseli eziqhelekileyo.
• I-Aplastic Anemia: Oku kwenzeka xa umongo wethambo ungavelisi iiseli zegazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Le yimeko apho umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuveliswa kweeplatelet ezisezantsi kunokubangelwa zizizathu zemfuza ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.

2. Ukuba iiplatelets eziveliswayo zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuba zisetyenziswa kakhulu emzimbeni:

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba umongo wethambo uvelisa iiplatelets ezaneleyo, ukuba zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni, okanye ukuba zisetyenziswe kakhulu ngenxa yokopha kakhulu, inani leeplatelets linokwehla.

• I-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura): Kulapho amajoni ethu omzimba ehlasela ngempazamo aze atshabalalise iiplatelets zethu zegazi. Oku kunokwenzeka kubantwana abancinci emva komkhuhlane wentsholongwane, kodwa kunokwenzeka nakubantu abadala.
• Oku kunokwenzeka nakwezinye izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba, ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalise iiplatelets zegazi, nokuba yi-allergy.
• Usulelo olunzima (sepsis): Kwisulelo olunzima, iimeko ezifana ne-DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) zinokwenzeka, nto leyo ebangela ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza kweeplatelet zegazi.
• I-TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) (`(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)`) kunye ne-HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) (`(Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)`): Ezi ziimeko ezinqabileyo kodwa eziyingozi. Kule meko, amahlwili egazi amancinci ayenzeka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kwaye iiplatelets zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ukuba i-spleen iyakhula kwaye iiplatelets ziqokelelana apho:

I-spleen sisitho esikwicala eliphezulu lasekhohlo lesisu sethu. Sihluza igazi size sisuse iiseli zegazi ezindala. Ukuba i-spleen iyakhula ngenxa yezifo ezithile (umz., isifo sesibindi - isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, usulelo oluthile, umhlaza wegazi), inokuqokelela ii-platelet ezininzi kunesiqhelo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwenani lee-platelet egazini.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokwenzeka xa iiplatelets zegazi ziphantsi?

Iimpawu zeeplatelet ezisezantsi zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni iiplatelet zakho ziphantsi kangakanani kwaye zihla ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abane-platelet count ephantsi basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Imivumbo: Imivumbo mikhulu, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye imfusa eluswini. Nokuba iqhuma elincinci naphi na linokubangela imivumbo emikhulu.
• Amachaphaza amancinci abomvu eluswini:Ngamanye amaxesha, amachaphaza amancinci abomvu okanye amfusa (`(petechiae)`) avela emzimbeni wonke, njengeembovane ezincinci, emilenzeni nasezingalweni. La machaphaza awanyamalali xa uwajonga.
• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ukopha kume emva kokwenzakala.
• Iintsini eziphuma igazi, ukopha rhoqo kwempumlo.
• Ukopha emchameni okanye kwindle (umchamo unokuba bomvu, indle inokuba mnyama okanye ibe negazi).
• Kwabasetyhini, ixesha lokuya exesheni linzima kwaye lihlala iintsuku ezingaphezulu kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuziva udiniwe, udiniwe.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba oku kunxulumene nengxaki yesibindi, amehlo anokuba tyheli (i-jaundice).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, ukuziva ubuthathaka, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, kuba oku kungaba luphawu lokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo!

Ukuba sineempawu ezinje, simele senze ntoni? Ngaba sifanele siye kugqirha?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ukuba ukopha okungaqhelekanga, amabala egazi eluswini lwakho, okanye ukudinwa kakhulu, musa ukungayinaki loo nto uze ubone ugqirha. Musa ukoyika, kodwa ungalibazisi. Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo, akuhlole, aze akuthumelele uvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto? Zeziphi iimvavanyo abazenzayo?

Xa ubona ugqirha, baza kuqala bakubuze ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki ezifanayo. Emva koko baza kukuhlola baze bajonge ukuba akukho gazi na, umbala wolusu utshintshile, kunye nepleen ekhulisiweyo.

Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukwenza iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Ubalo lweGazi oluPheleleyo (FBC) : Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili olumisela inani elichanekileyo leeplatelets egazini. Lukwabonelela ngolwazi malunga neeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi : Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi nokujonga ubume nobukhulu beeplatelets phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngamanye amaxesha, bajonga nokuba iiplatelets zinamathelene okanye kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi: Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela. Umzekelo, iimvavanyo zokujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi (uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi), iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwezintso, iimvavanyo zokujonga usulelo lwentsholongwane, kunye novavanyo lokujonga iimpawu zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Ukufutha kweBone Marrow kunye neBiopsy : Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alubonisi unobangela, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umongo wethambo uvelisa iiplatelets ngokufanelekileyo na. Oku kuquka ukuthatha inani elincinci lomongo wethambo kwindawo encinci, njenge-hip, phantsi kwe-anesthesia.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweeplatelets ezisezantsi zegazi?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Unyango lwee-platelet ezisezantsi luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinto ebangele oko kunye nokuba imeko imbi kangakanani. Akukho sisombululo sifanelekileyo kubo bonke.

• Kwabo banezibalo zeplatelet eziphantsi kancinci: Ukuba inani leplatelet alikho phantsi kakhulu kwaye akukho zimpawu zokopha, ngamanye amaxesha akufuneki unyango, kufuneka nje ujongwe rhoqo ngovavanyo lwegazi.
• Ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko:
• Ukuba iyeza libangele ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho lehle, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uyeke ukulisebenzisa okanye ukutshintshele kwelinye iyeza. Ucinga ukuba kungcono ukungalisebenzisi eli yeza?
• Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo, olo sulelo luyanyangwa.
• Ukuba sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, siyanyangwa.
• Unyango ngokukodwa lweeplatelets ezisezantsi zegazi:
• Ii-Corticosteroids : Umzekelo, amayeza afana ne-prednisolone. La anikwa ukuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekutshabalaliseni iiplatelets zegazi (kwiimeko ezifana ne-ITP).
• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Eli liyeza elifana nesaline elifakwa emthanjeni. Lisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza inani leeplatelet kwiimeko ezinzima apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiplatelet zegazi.
• Amanye amayeza alawula amajoni omzimba (ii-immunosuppressants): La mayeza anikwa ukuba ii-steroids azisebenzi okanye ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinzima kakhulu.
• Ii-Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): La mayeza avuselela umongo wethambo ukuba uvelise iiplatelets ezingaphezulu.
• Ukufakelwa kweePlatelet: Ukuba wopha kakhulu okanye ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kakhulu kwaye liphantsi kakhulu (umz. ngaphambi kotyando), unganikwa iiplatelet ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisisombululo sexeshana nje.
• Utyando lokususa ipleyini: Ukuba ipleyini ifunyenwe ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelet, kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi (ingakumbi kwi-ITP yexesha elide), utyando lokususa ipleyini lunokwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukususa ipleyini kuyandisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
• Utshintshiselwano lwePlasma (okanye iPlasmapheresis): Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana neTTP.

Yintoni esifanele siyixhalabele xa siphila nale meko?

Abantu abaneeplatelet ezisezantsi egazini kufuneka balumke kancinci kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

• Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukuwa nokwenzakala. Umzekelo, imidlalo yokudibanisa ayifanelekanga.
• Lumka kakhulu xa usebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali okanye usika imifuno.
• Sebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo xa uhlamba amazinyo akho. Lumka ungalimazi iintsini zakho.
• Ukusela amayeza okunciphisa igazi afana ne-aspirin, ii-NSAID (ezifana ne-ibuprofen) ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirhaMusa ukuzisebenzisa ezi zinto. Ezi zinokunyusa ukopha. Xelela bonke oogqirha kunye noogqirha bamazinyo ukuba ubona ukuba iiplatelet zakho ziphantsi.
• Qaphela naziphi na iimpawu zokopha (amabala esikhumba, ukopha empumlweni, ukopha kweentsini). Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Ngaphandle kokuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi ngenxa yokunqongophala kweevithamini, ukutya kuphela akuyi kuyinyanga loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni wakho.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala .

Ngaba oku kungaba yinto enzulu? Zithini iingxaki?

Ewe, le inokuba yimeko enzima ukuba inani leeplatelet lehla kakhulu okanye ngequbuliso.

Umngcipheko ophambili kukopha kakhulu. Oku kunokubonakala (kwinxeba, empumlweni) okanye ngaphakathi (umz., ebuchotsheni, esiswini, emathunjini). Ukopha ngaphakathi kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Kungoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha unyango kanye njengoko ugqirha etshilo kwaye uqaphele.

Isishwankathelo kunye namagama okugqibela

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into esithethe ngayo namhlanje (iThrombocytopenia) okanye iiplatelets ezisezantsi zegazi. Khumbula, oku kuthetha ukuba iiplatelets egazini ziphantsi kunesiqhelo. Zininzi izizathu, kwaye iimpawu zahlukile kumntu ngamnye.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unale mpawu, endaweni yokwenza izigqibo wedwa, okanye ukukhangela amayeza kwi-intanethi, fumana ugqirha olungileyo, fumana unobangela ochanekileyo, kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo, ungayilawula le meko kwaye uphile ubomi obuhle. Vula kwaye uthembeke kugqirha wakho ngayo yonke into, kwaye ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuqonde ngcono oku kwaye kukuncede ubhekane ngcono.

i- thrombocytopenia, inani leeplatelet, iiplatelet, umongo wethambo, ukopha, ukukrweleka, i-ITP, izifo zegazi, inqaku lezonyango laseSinhala, i-petechiae