Ukuba ulwa nomhlaza, okanye ukuba unomntu omthandayo onawo, mhlawumbi uqhelene namagama anjengelithi "chemotherapy" kunye nelithi "radiation therapy." Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngemiphumo emibi ehambisana nolu nyango. Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngodidi olutsha lwamayeza ajolise kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye anciphise kakhulu umonakalo kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yiPARP Inhibitors .
Kalula nje, yintoni le PARP Inhibitor?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale siqonde inkqubo encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-DNA. Cinga ngayo njengeplani enkulu ebhale phantsi indlela yonke into emzimbeni wethu efanele isebenze ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, amaphepha ale plani ye-DNA ayonakala kancinci.
Kulapho ke iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiPARP ingena khona. Igama elithi "PARP" sisifinyezo sePoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase . I-PARP ifana "nomatshini wokulungisa" ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu. Xa i-DNA yonakele, iproteni yePARP iyangena ize iyilungise. Oku kubalulekile ukuze iiseli eziphilileyo ziphile.
Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, iiseli zomhlaza nazo zisebenzisa le ndlela yePARP ukuze zizuze. Xa iDNA yeeseli zomhlaza yonakele, nazo zisebenzisa le PARP ukuyilungisa. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zomhlaza azifi, kodwa ziyaqhubeka zikhula kwaye zisasazeka emzimbeni wonke.
Njengesisombululo koku, oogqirha basebenzisa iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiPARP Inhibitor. Igama elithi "Inhibitor" lithetha "umthinteli." Oko kwenziwa leli yeza "kukuthintela" indlela yePARP enceda iiseli zomhlaza. Ngaphandle koncedo lwePARP, iseli yomhlaza iyancipha kancinci kancinci, ingakwazi ukulungisa iDNA eyonakeleyo, ize ekugqibeleni ife.
Oku kufana nokucima "inkqubo yokusinda" yeseli yomhlaza. Yiyo loo nto le ndlela yonyango ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-target therapy . Oko kukuthi, la mayeza ajolise ngokuthe ngqo kubuthathaka kwiiseli zomhlaza.
Iindidi eziphambili ze-PARP inhibitors ezisetyenziswayo kwihlabathi liphela
Kukho izithinteli ezininzi zePARP ezivunyiweyo okwangoku kunyango lomhlaza. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike enye yezi, isenokuba kolu luhlu.
| Igama eliqhelekileyo leyeza | Igama lebrand |
|---|---|
| I-Olaparib | I-Lynparza® |
| I-Niraparib | I-Zejula® |
| I-Rucaparib | I-Rubraca® |
| I-Talazoparib | ITalzenna® |
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezisetyenziselwa eli yeza?
Izithinteli zePARP zihlala zisetyenziselwa umhlaza osele udlulele phambili okanye osele usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-metastatic). Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezisebenza kakhulu kuzo.
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
- Umhlaza wetyhubhu yesibeleko
- Umhlaza weprostate
- Umhlaza oyintloko we-peritoneal
- Umhlaza wePancreatic
Ulwalamano olukhethekileyo notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-BRCA
Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi nge -BRCA gene . I-BRCA yenye i-gene ebalulekileyo enceda ukulungisa i-DNA kwiiseli zethu kwaye ithintele umhlaza. Kodwa abanye abantu banokuba notshintsho kule BRCA gene. Oku kuthetha ukuba enye yeenkqubo zabo eziphambili zokulungisa i-DNA ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yoku, basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
Cinga ngemoto njengeneenkqubo ezimbini zeebhuleki. I-BRCA yenye, kwaye i-PARP yenye. Kwiseli yomhlaza ene-BRCA gene mutation, enye inkqubo yeebhuleki (i-BRCA) sele yaphukile. Ngoko ke loo seli yomhlaza ixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwenye inkqubo yeebhuleki (i-PARP) ukuze iphile.
Ngoku xa sinika amayeza e-PARP Inhibitor, siyayicima loo nkqubo yesibini yebhuleki. Emva koko iseli yomhlaza ayinandlela yokulungisa i-DNA yayo, kwaye iyafa nje. Yingakho ii-PARP Inhibitors zisebenza kakuhle kumhlaza one-BRCA gene mutations.
Ndingalufumana njani unyango kwaye luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Enye yezinto ezilula kolu nyango kukuba yonke into iza ngohlobo lweepilisi (iikhaphu okanye iipilisi). Ngoko ke kufuneka uthabathe eli yeza kube kanye okanye kabini ngemini. Ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza lodwa linokwanela. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokufuna ukulithatha kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza.
Umzekelo, emva konyango olonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza, ezifana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation, unganika i-PARP inhibitor. Emva koko, ekubeni i-PARP ingazincedi ezo seli zomhlaza ezonakeleyo ukuba zizilungise ngokwazo, ezo seli ziqinisekisiwe ukuba ziya kufa.
Ixesha lonyango
Oku kuyahluka kumntu nomntu.
- Abanye abantu banikwa eli yeza ixesha elithile, elifana neminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, emva kokuba unyango lwe-chemotherapy lugqityiwe.
- Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokulisebenzisa eli yeza logama nje lisebenza emizimbeni yabo.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zingaphezulu kuneenzuzo zeyeza, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze uyeke unyango.
Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uthathe ixesha elingakanani amayeza uze wenze isigqibo.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zolu nyango?
Izithinteli zePARP azinakuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, zinokunceda izigulane ezineentlobo ezithile zomhlaza ziphile ixesha elide . La mayeza alawula ukukhula komhlaza. Oogqirha bathi oku kwandisa "izinga lokusinda elingenankqubela phambili." Ngamafutshane, andisa ixesha umhlaza ohlala ulawulwa kakuhle ngaphandle kokuba mandundu. Kwezinye iimeko, zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunekhemotherapy.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukuba "nokumelana" nala mayeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba la mayeza awasasebenzi. Oku kunokwenzeka phakathi kwama-40% nama-70% ezigulane. Izazinzulu zizama ukuqonda ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka kwaye ziphanda ngeendlela ezintsha zokwenza la mayeza asebenze ngakumbi.
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi.
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, izithinteli zePARP zinokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ozifumanayo. Kwaye uninzi lwazo zinokulawulwa.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Isizathu saloo nto okanye iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu |
|---|---|
| Ukudinwa nokudinwa | Idla ngokubangelwa yi-anemia, nto leyo ebangela ukuncipha kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini. |
| Ukopha (umz., imivumbo, ukopha empumlweni) | Isenokuba ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leeplatelet zegazi. |
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo | Ukuncipha kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunokwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Amanye amayeza anokusetyenziswa ukulawula oku. |
| Intlungu yesisu, ukudumba, okanye ukuqhina | Ingalawulwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokutya kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza. |
| Utshintsho kwincasa yomlomo (i-dysgeusia) | Ukutya kunokunambitheka ngendlela eyahlukileyo. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu | Ezi zikwayimeko ezinokwenzeka kwabanye abantu. |
Kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye izithinteli zePARP zinokwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nohlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi- acute myeloid leukemia . Nangona kunjalo, le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.
Ixesha lokwazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Ukuba usebenzisa i-PARP inhibitor, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu . Angatshintsha idosi okanye anike amanye amayeza ukunceda kwizinto ezifana nokucaphuka.
Ingakumbi ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:Xelela ugqirha wakho okanye isibhedlele osinyangayo ngoko nangoko:
- Iimpawu zosulelo: umkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nokungcangcazela.
- Iimpawu ze-Pneumonitis: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuqina kwesifuba, njl. (Le yimeko yokudumba kwemiphunga).
- Iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi: ukudumba kwemilenze, iintlungu, ukubomvu okanye iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-PARP Inhibitors luhlobo "lonyango olujoliswe kulo" olujolise kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza kwaye luzitshabalalise.
- Ezi zisebenza ngakumbi kumhlaza ofana nomhlaza webele, wesibeleko, kunye nomhlaza weprostate one-BRCA gene mutations.
- Olu nyango alunikwa ngenaliti, kodwa lusetyenziswa njengeepilisi/iikhaphu ezithathwa yonke imihla.
- Nangona oku kungayinyangi ngokupheleleyo i-cancer, kunceda izigulane ziphile ixesha elide ngokulawula ukukhula kwe-cancer.
- Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza, ezi zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokubalwa kweeseli zegazi ezisezantsi kunokwenzeka.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho ngalo lonke ixesha lonyango lwakho kwaye uxele naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngoko nangoko.
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