Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unesifo sohlangothi? (Isifo sohlangothi sabantwana) Ungakhathazeki, masiqaphele oku!

Sonke sivile ukuba abantu abadala banokuba nestroke . Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba, nangona kunqabile kakhulu, abantwana bethu abancinci, ukususela kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuya kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala, nabo banokuba nale meko, ebizwa ngokuba yiPediatric Stroke . Nokuba ukhathazekile kancinci xa usiva oku, ungakhathazeki. Ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo ngale nto, ungenza izinto ezifunekayo ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni iStroke yabantwana?

Ngamafutshane, istroke yimeko eyenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwinxalenye yengqondo yethu kuphazanyiswa. Kufana nento eyenzekayo xa isifudumezi sethu samanzi siphelelwa ngamanzi. Ingqondo ifumana umbane wayo weoksijini egazini. Ngoko ke ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuyeka, iiseli zengqondo ziqala ukufa. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi.

Oku kunokwenzeka kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- 'Pediatric Stroke ' xa isenzeka kumntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Kukwakho notshintsho:

• Ukubetheka kwamalungu omzimba: Abanye abantwana bazalwa benesi simo.
• Ezo zenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-28 zokuqala zobomi: Oko kukuthi, ezo zenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Emva koko ezo zenzeka de kube yiminyaka eli-18: ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yi-'childhood strokes'.

Izizathu zihlala zizifo zentliziyo, iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangelwa ziingozi ezinciphisa ioksijini engqondweni, okanye ziimeko ezithile zokuzalwa .

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zepoliyo?

Njengabantu abadala, abantwana bethu banokufumana iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokukhubazeka:

• Istroke esopha igazi: Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi engqondweni uqhuma uze wophe. Cinga ngako njengombhobho wamanzi oqhumayo namanzi avuzayo.
• I-Ischemic stroke: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi livala umthambo wegazi engqondweni, livala ukuhamba kwegazi. Kufana neqhekeza lodaka elivala umbhobho wamanzi.
• Uhlaselo lwe-Ischemic oluThutyana (TIA): Oku kufana 'ne-mini stroke'. I-blood clot inamathela kwimithambo yegazi engqondweni ixesha elifutshane, emva koko iyaphuma kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi kubuyele esiqhelweni. Iimpawu zihlala okwethutyana zize ziphele. Kodwa oku kukwaluphawu olubalulekileyo lwesilumkiso sokuba i-stroke enkulu inokwenzeka.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

Enyanisweni, istroke ebantwaneni ayiqhelekanga . Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuba woyike ngokungeyomfuneko. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, le meko yenzeka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 okanye ababini kwabayi-100,000 abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala minyaka le. Malunga nomntwana omnye kwabayi-3,500 osandul’ ukuzalwa unokuba nestroke engaphambi kokuzalwa . Kodwa kunzima ukunika inani elichanekileyo, kuba ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuyixilonga.

Zithini iimpawu zepoliyo? Zingachongwa njani?

Ezinye zeempawu ezibonakaliswa ngabantu abadala xa benesifo sohlangothi zinokubakho nakubantu abancinci. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha okanye yokucinga .
• Utshintsho oluvela kwindlebe nakwimbono luyenzeka.
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (iHemiparesis) .
• Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuqonda amagama (i-Aphasia) .
• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia) .
• Xa uhamba, uziva ngathi ujikajika kwicala elinye kwaye uhamba kancinci (ataxia) .

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana wakho ngequbuliso uthuka amazwi akhe emva kokudlala, okanye uzive ngathi akanakukwazi ukushukumisa ingalo okanye umlenze... Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci kakhulu, ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukuthetha kakuhle, basenokungabonakalisi ezi mpawu zicacileyo. Endaweni yoko, banokubona izinto ezinje:

• Ukuxhuzula. Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo lokungakwazi ukuzenzela nto ebantwaneni abancinci.
• Ndinentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukugabha, isicaphucaphu.
• Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nokulala.
• Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ezi mpawu zinokubakho nakwezinye izifo, ngoko ke kunzima ukucinga ukuba sistroke. Kodwa ukuba ubona into efana nale, ingakumbi ukuba ivakala ngathi iyagungqa, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Kutheni abantwana abancinci benesifo sokukhubazeka? Zithini izizathu?

I-stroke idla ngokuvela xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni kuphazamiseka. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi (i-ischemic stroke) okanye kukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ngaphakathi ebuchotsheni (i-hemorrhagic stroke) .

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezithile zokuba kutheni le meko isenzeka kubantwana abancinci:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kokuzalwa kwemithambo yegazi engqondweni: Umzekelo , imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) . Kule meko, imithambo yegazi engqondweni iyabhidana, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iqhume kwaye yophe igazi. Ezi zidla ngokuba ziimeko zokuzalwa.
• Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso: Abanye abantwana bazalwa beneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo. Ezi meko zentliziyo zinokunyusa umngcipheko westroke.
• Izifo ezinxulumene negazi: Umzekelo , abantwana abanesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiSickle Cell Disease banamathuba amaninzi okuba namahlwili egazi. Kwakhona, izifo ezithintela igazi ukuba lingajiyi lula (umz. iHemophilia ) zinokubangela ukopha ebuchotsheni.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka komzimba?

Abanye abantwana banokuba sengozini enkulu kancinci yokuba nokukhubazeka kunabanye. Ezi zinto ziquka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (iiArrhythmias) .
• Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso(Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso).
• Ukunqongophala kweoksijini engqondweni xa umntwana ezalwa (i-cerebral hypoxia) .
• Isifo seswekile.
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu kuthetha ukuba mkhulu kakhulu.
• Iimeko apho igazi lijika ngokulula (Thrombophilia) okanye iimeko apho igazi lingajiki lula (iHemophilia) .
• Ukulimala okukhulu entloko okanye entanyeni (Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu - iTBI) .
• Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kubantwana abaneengxaki ezithile zemfuza, umzekelo , iDown syndrome .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzenzela nto?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uninzi lwabantwana abanesifo sohlangothi bayachacha ngokupheleleyo. Ezo ziindaba ezimnandi ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lobuchopho elichaphazelekileyo sisifo sohlangothi, abanye abantwana banokuba notshintsho oluhlala luhleli.

• Umzekelo, kusenokubakho ubuthathaka obungapheliyo kwindlela esicinga nesithetha ngayo .
• Kunokubakho ubuthathaka obungapheliyo kwicala lomzimba elichaphazeleka kukukhubazeka.
• Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli embonweni lunokwenzeka.
• Kwakhona, abantwana abaye baba nestroke basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokuwa emva kwexesha elithile ebomini.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubandakanyeke ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela imeko esiqhelweni.

Ifunyaniswa njani ipoliyo? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Enyanisweni, ukufumanisa ukukhubazeka kwabantwana abancinci ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kancinci . Kuba, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iimpawu azibonakali rhoqo. Ngoko ke abanye abantwana basenokungafumani unyango ngoko nangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayaqaphela xa bebona ukulibaziseka kokukhula komntwana, baze bacinge, 'Owu, lo mntwana usenokuba wayekhubazekile ngaphambili.'

Ukuze axilonge, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zomntwana wakho. Emva koko uza kumhlola umntwana. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Le ithatha imifanekiso yentloko ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ukopha engqondweni okanye ukuba ihlwili legazi lonakalise inxalenye yengqondo. Olu luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo.
• I-CT angiogram: Oku kujonga ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi, nasebuchotsheni.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Olu lolona vavanyo lubucayi lokufumanisa isifo sohlangothi. I-MRI ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone ulwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nemithambo yegazi ngokucacileyo.
• I-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram): Oku kukwajonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo.

Ukongeza kwezi vavanyo ziphambili, kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wokukhubazeka komzimba kunye nokukhangela ezinye iingxaki (ingakumbi ukuxhuzula) ezinokubakho:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Le ihlola ulwakhiwo lwentliziyo yomntwana.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram):Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuwa okanye cha.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga iingxaki zegazi ezifana nesifo se-sickle cell okanye ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba kukho imeko yemfuza erhaneleka ukuba yimbangela yokukhubazeka.

Inyangwa njani i-infantile paralysis?

Ukukhubazeka komzimba yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana ubonakalisa iimpawu zokukhubazeka komzimba, kufuneka asiwe kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa, okanye atsalele umnxeba ku-1990. Ixesha lokuqala unyango libaluleke kakhulu.

Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokukhubazeka:

• Xa umntu enesifo sohlangothi esibangelwa kukwaphuka kwegazi (ischemic stroke): Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza (thrombolytics) ukunyibilikisa ihlwili legazi, okanye ngamanye amaxesha basusa ihlwili legazi ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thrombectomy baze babuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni.
• Xa kukho isifo sohlangothi esibangelwa kukopha ebuchotsheni (isifo sohlangothi esopha igazi): Kusenokufuneka utyando ukuze kumiswe ukopha.

Zonke izibhedlele zinenkqubo ethile, ebizwa ngokuba yiStroke Protocol , elandelwayo xa kuthe kwafunyanwa isifo sohlangothi ebantwaneni. Le yindlela esichongwa ngayo esi sifo kwaye unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonyango ziphambili, oogqirha banokusebenzisa amanye amayeza:

• Amayeza okulwa nokugabha kwegazi .
• Ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuxhuzula, uza kunikwa amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula ukuze asilawule.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha? Kunjani ukuvuselelwa?

Wonke umntwana uyachacha ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ixesha elithathwayo lahlukile. Emva kwestroke, umntwana kuya kufuneka aye kwinkqubo yokulungisa isifo sestroke sabantwana . Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomntwana, anokufumana unyango kwiqela leengcali. Ezi ziquka:

• Ingcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana .
• Ingcali yentliziyo yabantwana .
• Ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zegazi, umongo wethambo, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic (iPediatric hematologist) .
• Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo zabantwana .
• Ingcali yonyango lomzimba - Yenza umthambo kwicala elichaphazelekayo lomzimba.
• Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP) – inceda ekuthetheni nasekuginyeni.
• Ingcali yezonyango emsebenzini – Ziqhelise ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla wedwa.

Zithini amathuba okusinda kwi-polio?

Njengoko abaphandi ngepoliyo yabantwana befumanise, okukhona ukuxilongwa ixesha elide, kokukhona impembelelo enkulu kwiziphumo zempilo.Abantwana abaninzi abaye baba ne- ischemic stroke bayasinda. Nangona kunjalo, basenokuba sengozini yokuba ne-stroke kwakhona, ingakumbi ukuba banesifo sentliziyo okanye iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi.

Ngaba ipoliyo ingathintelwa?

I-cerebral palsy inokubakho ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye ziimeko zokuzalwa. Ngoko ke akukho ndlela esinokuzithintela ngayo ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa. Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso kwaye ufumane ingcebiso malunga nendlela yokugcina umntwana wakho esempilweni.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneemeko ezifana ne -Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) , isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso , okanye iSickle Cell Disease , oogqirha baya kunyanga ezo meko. Olu nyango lunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko westroke kwixesha elizayo. Abanye abantwana banokufuna uvavanyo oluhlala lujongwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba basengozini enkulu yestroke.

Ngaba kukho umngcipheko ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha umntwana unokuba nestroke (istroke esibizwa ngokuba yi-perinatal stroke) ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi okwenzeka ekuzalweni okanye emva nje kokuzalwa. Ezinye iimeko umama anazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa nazo zinokwandisa umngcipheko womntwana. Imizekelo:

• Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa .
• I-Preeclampsia yimeko yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukuqhekeka kwangaphambi kwexesha kwee-membranes .

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokunciphisa iingxaki ezinokubakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhubazeka komntwana wam?

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuba nestroke. Abanye abantwana banikwa amayeza okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, nto leyo enokunceda ekuthinteleni istroke.

Ukongeza, ukuba umntwana wakho uyaphola emva kwestroke, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Mnike onke amayeza njengoko eyalelwe. Umntwana:

• Kufuneka uzilolonge kakuhle kwaye uhlale usebenza.
• Kufuneka utye ukutya okunesondlo (lawula umngcipheko we-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nesifo seswekile).
• Udinga ukulala ngokwaneleyo.

Ufanele umse nini umntwana wakho kugqirha? Ufanele uye nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (ETU) ?

Emva kwestroke, umntwana wakho unokufuna unyango oluvela kwiqela leengcali. Qiniseka ukuba umsa umntwana wakho kuzo zonke iidipozithi nogqirha. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo okanye uphuhliso lomntwana wakho, ingakumbi ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zestroke, fowunela ku-911 okanye umse esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Istroke yingxamiseko. Ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni impilo yomntwana wakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle i- Pediatric Stroke . Khumbula, oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kodwa, ukuba kuyenzeka, kubalulekile ukuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

• Iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwabantwana abancinci zinokwahluka kwezo zabantu abadala. Lumka ngakumbi ngezinto ezifana nokuxhuzula, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha, kunye nobuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba .
• Ukuba ubona ezi mpawu, bona ugqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki ezinobungozi, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye izifo ezinxulumene negazi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba kwaye ufumane unyango olufunekayo.
• Musa ukoyika. Ukuqonda yeyona nto inamandla amakhulu. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kumntwana wakho kukwazi ezi zinto.

Istroke Yabantwana , Ukukhubazeka, Istroke, IiPediatrics, Ukopha Ebuchosheni, Amahlwili Egazi, Iintsana Ezisandul' Ukuzalwa, Impilo Yabantwana