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Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa (Iiveki 35-40): Oku kukulungele, ulinde umntwana wakho ukuba afike!

Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa (Iiveki 35-40): Oku kukulungele, ulinde umntwana wakho ukuba afike!

Ngoku ukwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhulelwa kwakho. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje, umntwana wakho omncinci uza kube esezandleni zakho. Ngeli xesha, uzive wonwabile kakhulu kwaye uphelelwe ngumonde, akunjalo? "Uza kufika nini umntwana?" Mhlawumbi uyazibuza. Kwaye umzimba wakho mhlawumbi uzive udiniwe kancinci. Makhe sijonge okuza kwenzeka kuwe nakumntwana wakho kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo, kunye noko kufuneka ulungiselele kona.

Iveki yama-35: Amaphaphu omntwana ngoku sele elungile!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Kule veki, amaphaphu omntwana wakho sele ephantse akhule ngokupheleleyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku sele ekulungele ukuphefumla emva kokuba ephumile. Ukwagcina amafutha amaninzi phantsi kolusu lwakhe ukuze agcine umzimba wakhe ufudumele emva kokuba ephumile. Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-2.5 (iikhilogram ezi-5) zeetapile. Ubude bakhe abudluli kakhulu, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokukhula, malunga neegram ezingama-225 (isiqingatha sekhilogram) ngeveki. Kwaneentshukumo zokuphefumla ngoku zenziwa ngaphakathi esibelekweni.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho ngoku simalunga nee-intshi ezi-6 ngaphezulu kweqhosha lesisu sakho. Mhlawumbi sele unyuke malunga neekhilogram ezili-11-13 (iikhilogram ezingama-24-29) ngoku. Oko kuqhelekile. Phakathi kwale veki kunye neeveki ezingama-37, ugqirha wakho uza kukuvavanya intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiGroup B streptococcus . Luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo koomama abaninzi.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Phinda ujonge ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo yonke into oyifunayo kumntwana wakho. Kungcono ukuqalisa ukupakisha iimpahla zomntwana wakho, izinto eziyimfuneko, ingakumbi isihlalo semoto , kunye nezinye izinto kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa.

Iveki yama-36: Usana luyehla, kwaye uphefumla lula kancinci!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Umntwana wakho ngoku umalunga neesentimitha ezingama-52 (ii-intshi ezingama-20.7) ubude kwaye unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-2.7 (iikhilogram ezi-6). Ngeli xesha, umntwana wakho unokuhla aye ezantsi (ethontsi) esibelekweni. Oku kuthetha ukujika intloko yakhe ijonge phantsi ukulungiselela ukuzalwa. Ingqondo yomntwana wakho nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, amehlo akhe aqala ukuqhwanyaza . Bakhula ngendlela yokulala, kwaye iinzipho zabo zikhula ziye kufika kwiminwe yabo.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho ngoku singaphantsi kwembambo yakho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kusele iintsuku ezimbalwa nje! Emva kwale veki, kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha qho ngeveki . Ngamanye amaxesha uya kuziva udiniwe kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha uya kuziva unamandla kakhulu. Kuqhelekile nokuva iintlungu zomqolo, ubunzima emaqatheni akho, kunye nokungonwabi.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: BabyEmva kokuba uyizise ekhaya, lungisa ukutya okulula ukukulungisa uze ukugcine efrijini. Oko kuya kuba lula kakhulu xa uziva uxinezelekile.

Iveki yama-37: Umntwana wakho ngoku sele ekhulelwe ngokupheleleyo!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-3 (iikhilogram ezi-6.5). Njengoko ekhula, ulusu lwakhe lulahlekelwa yimibimbi yalo kwaye luba pinki. Okwangoku, intloko yomntwana wakho kufuneka ibe kwi-pelvis yakho. Inkqubo yakhe yokujikeleza kwegazi igqityiwe, kwaye amathambo akhe kunye nemisipha zilungele ukuphuma emhlabeni. Nangona kungekho ndawo ingako esiswini sakho, usenokuziva imilenze yakhe.

Kubalulekile: Umntwana ozelwe emva kwale veki uthathwa njengomntwana "ozelwe ixesha elipheleleyo," ngoko ke akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokukhathazeka ngayo.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Ubunzima bakho bufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu (malunga ne-11-16 kg). Ngeli xesha, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwe-pelvic ukujonga inkqubela yokuzala kwakho. Kuqhelekile ukuba nomchamo rhoqo njengoko isibeleko sakho sikhula size sibe sikhulu kwaye sicinezele isinyi sakho. Ukuba uyarhona ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla, zama ukusebenzisa imicu yempumlo.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Lungisa iibhegi ezimbini oza kuzithatha uye nazo esibhedlele xa umntwana ezelwe ngokungalindelekanga. Enye ilungele wena (iikawusi ezifudumeleyo, ilokhwe, i-lip balm, njl.njl.). Enye ilungele iimfuno zomntwana .

Iveki yama-38: Umntwana angafika nangaliphi na ixesha ngoku!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Ulusu lomntwana oluthambileyo (i-lanugo) kunye nolumhlophe (i-vernix) ngoku azisekho. Umntwana wakho ufumana ii-antibodies kuwe ukuze amkhusele kwizifo. Iiseli zamafutha ezingaphantsi kolusu lwakhe ziyazalisa ukuze zimgcine efudumele xa ephuma emhlabeni. Umntwana wakho sele ekulungele ukuzalwa.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho siqala ukuba buthathaka kwaye sivuleka ukulungiselela ukubeletha. Ungafumana umntwana wakho nangaliphi na ixesha ngoku . Ama-95% oomama bazala abantwana babo kwiiveki ezimbini emva komhla wokuzalwa. Ukubona amabala kungaba luphawu lokuba ukubeletha kuyaqala. Ukuba unamawele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise ukubeletha ukuba ukubeletha akukaqali kule veki.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Ukuba yinkwenkwe, gqiba kwangaphambili ukuba uya kuyisoka okanye hayi. Sisigqibo senkcubeko okanye sonqulo kunokuba sisigqibo sezonyango.

Iveki yama-39: Masiqonde ubulumko bokwenyani nobobuxoki.

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Izihlunu zengalo nemilenze yomntwana ngoku ziqinile kakhulu. Izinzipho nazo zikhule ngokupheleleyo. Amaphaphu akhule ngokupheleleyo - oko kuthetha ukuba sele ekulungele ukuphefumla nokulila. Ungafumana kulula ukuphefumla kuba intloko yomntwana iwele entlango. Ungaziva iintshukumo zomntwana ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuba akukho ndawo ininzi.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Lixesha apho umzimba wakho uzive umkhulu kakhulu kwaye ungakhululekanga. Iziko lakho lomxhuzulane litshintshile, ngoko ungaziva ungalingani kakuhle kunesiqhelo. Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho uthi hayi, kusakhuselekile ukuba nesondo.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Qaphela iimpawu zokubeleka, kodwa ungacingi ngazo. Kusenokuba namhlanje, ngomso, okanye emva kweveki. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umahluko phakathi komsebenzi wokwenene nomsebenzi wobuxoki.

Uphawu Umsebenzi wobuxoki Umsebenzi Wokwenene
Uhlobo lwentlungu Ayilandeli indlela ebekiweyo. Iyafika ihambe. Iza rhoqo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iintlungu ziyaqina kwaye zihlale ixesha elide.
Apho intlungu ivakala khona Ihlala ivakala kwisisu esisezantsi nakwindawo yemiphunga. Ingaqala emqolo ongezantsi ize isasazeke esiswini sonke.
Xa utshintsha izikhundla Intlungu inokuncipha okanye iphele xa uhamba, usela amanzi, okanye ugoba. Nokuba wenza ntoni na, intlungu ayizukuphela.

Iveki yama-40: Ixesha elimnandi lifikile!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Abantwana abangamakhwenkwe badla ngokuba nobunzima obuncinci kunezingane ezingamantombazana. Umntwana wakho sele ekulungele ukukuhlangabeza, akhale, atye, aphefumle, aze akhabe! Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obufana nevatala encinci, obumalunga neekhilogram eziyi-3.3 (iikhilogram eziyi-7.25).

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Lifikile ixesha. Kodwa ungakhathazeki ukuba udlule umhla wakho wokuzalwa. Yi-5% kuphela yeentsana ezizalwa ngomhla wazo wokuzalwa . Kunokuba nzima ukufumana indawo ekhululekileyo, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukulala kakuhle ebusuku. Kodwa phumla imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba amanzi akho aphuka, ungaziva ngathi amanzi akho aphuka ngequbuliso okanye kancinci. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Ukuba uziva ngathi uqala ukuziva unesicaphucaphu, yitya ukutya okukhaphukhaphu. Khumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha nokutya into ekhaphukhaphu kunokukwenza uzive unesicaphucaphu.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

  • Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kobunzima bomntwana kunye nemiphunga ukuze akhule ngokupheleleyo.
  • Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungakhululekanga emzimbeni, umqolo obuhlungu, kunye nokungalali ngeli xesha. Kodwa ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
  • Soloko ujonga iintshukumo zomntwana wakho. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba akashukumi ngendlela eqhelekileyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
  • Qonda umahluko phakathi kokuzala ngokoqobo nokuzala okungekho mthethweni. Ukuphula amanzi akho kunye nokuqhomfa rhoqo, okubuhlungu, ziimpawu zokuzala ngokoqobo.
  • Ukuba nebhegi yakho yesibhedlele, izinto zomntwana, kunye nomntu oza kukunceda xa ufika ekhaya ulungile kwangethuba kunokunceda ukuthintela uloyiko lomzuzu wokugqibela.

Ukukhulelwa, iiveki ezingama-35-40, uphuhliso lomntwana, ukuzala, ukuzala, umama okhulelweyo, ukukhulelwa iveki neveki, ikota yokugqibela, iimpawu zokuzala
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.

Faka uluvo lwakho

Nceda ubale: 8 + 3 =
Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa (Iiveki 35-40): Oku kukulungele, ulinde umntwana wakho ukuba afike!

Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa (Iiveki 35-40): Oku kukulungele, ulinde umntwana wakho ukuba afike!

Ngoku ukwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhulelwa kwakho. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje, umntwana wakho omncinci uza kube esezandleni zakho. Ngeli xesha, uzive wonwabile kakhulu kwaye uphelelwe ngumonde, akunjalo? "Uza kufika nini umntwana?" Mhlawumbi uyazibuza. Kwaye umzimba wakho mhlawumbi uzive udiniwe kancinci. Makhe sijonge okuza kwenzeka kuwe nakumntwana wakho kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo, kunye noko kufuneka ulungiselele kona.

Iveki yama-35: Amaphaphu omntwana ngoku sele elungile!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Kule veki, amaphaphu omntwana wakho sele ephantse akhule ngokupheleleyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku sele ekulungele ukuphefumla emva kokuba ephumile. Ukwagcina amafutha amaninzi phantsi kolusu lwakhe ukuze agcine umzimba wakhe ufudumele emva kokuba ephumile. Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-2.5 (iikhilogram ezi-5) zeetapile. Ubude bakhe abudluli kakhulu, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokukhula, malunga neegram ezingama-225 (isiqingatha sekhilogram) ngeveki. Kwaneentshukumo zokuphefumla ngoku zenziwa ngaphakathi esibelekweni.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho ngoku simalunga nee-intshi ezi-6 ngaphezulu kweqhosha lesisu sakho. Mhlawumbi sele unyuke malunga neekhilogram ezili-11-13 (iikhilogram ezingama-24-29) ngoku. Oko kuqhelekile. Phakathi kwale veki kunye neeveki ezingama-37, ugqirha wakho uza kukuvavanya intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiGroup B streptococcus . Luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo koomama abaninzi.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Phinda ujonge ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo yonke into oyifunayo kumntwana wakho. Kungcono ukuqalisa ukupakisha iimpahla zomntwana wakho, izinto eziyimfuneko, ingakumbi isihlalo semoto , kunye nezinye izinto kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa.

Iveki yama-36: Usana luyehla, kwaye uphefumla lula kancinci!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Umntwana wakho ngoku umalunga neesentimitha ezingama-52 (ii-intshi ezingama-20.7) ubude kwaye unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-2.7 (iikhilogram ezi-6). Ngeli xesha, umntwana wakho unokuhla aye ezantsi (ethontsi) esibelekweni. Oku kuthetha ukujika intloko yakhe ijonge phantsi ukulungiselela ukuzalwa. Ingqondo yomntwana wakho nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, amehlo akhe aqala ukuqhwanyaza . Bakhula ngendlela yokulala, kwaye iinzipho zabo zikhula ziye kufika kwiminwe yabo.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho ngoku singaphantsi kwembambo yakho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kusele iintsuku ezimbalwa nje! Emva kwale veki, kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha qho ngeveki . Ngamanye amaxesha uya kuziva udiniwe kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha uya kuziva unamandla kakhulu. Kuqhelekile nokuva iintlungu zomqolo, ubunzima emaqatheni akho, kunye nokungonwabi.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: BabyEmva kokuba uyizise ekhaya, lungisa ukutya okulula ukukulungisa uze ukugcine efrijini. Oko kuya kuba lula kakhulu xa uziva uxinezelekile.

Iveki yama-37: Umntwana wakho ngoku sele ekhulelwe ngokupheleleyo!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-3 (iikhilogram ezi-6.5). Njengoko ekhula, ulusu lwakhe lulahlekelwa yimibimbi yalo kwaye luba pinki. Okwangoku, intloko yomntwana wakho kufuneka ibe kwi-pelvis yakho. Inkqubo yakhe yokujikeleza kwegazi igqityiwe, kwaye amathambo akhe kunye nemisipha zilungele ukuphuma emhlabeni. Nangona kungekho ndawo ingako esiswini sakho, usenokuziva imilenze yakhe.

Kubalulekile: Umntwana ozelwe emva kwale veki uthathwa njengomntwana "ozelwe ixesha elipheleleyo," ngoko ke akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokukhathazeka ngayo.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Ubunzima bakho bufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu (malunga ne-11-16 kg). Ngeli xesha, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwe-pelvic ukujonga inkqubela yokuzala kwakho. Kuqhelekile ukuba nomchamo rhoqo njengoko isibeleko sakho sikhula size sibe sikhulu kwaye sicinezele isinyi sakho. Ukuba uyarhona ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla, zama ukusebenzisa imicu yempumlo.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Lungisa iibhegi ezimbini oza kuzithatha uye nazo esibhedlele xa umntwana ezelwe ngokungalindelekanga. Enye ilungele wena (iikawusi ezifudumeleyo, ilokhwe, i-lip balm, njl.njl.). Enye ilungele iimfuno zomntwana .

Iveki yama-38: Umntwana angafika nangaliphi na ixesha ngoku!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Ulusu lomntwana oluthambileyo (i-lanugo) kunye nolumhlophe (i-vernix) ngoku azisekho. Umntwana wakho ufumana ii-antibodies kuwe ukuze amkhusele kwizifo. Iiseli zamafutha ezingaphantsi kolusu lwakhe ziyazalisa ukuze zimgcine efudumele xa ephuma emhlabeni. Umntwana wakho sele ekulungele ukuzalwa.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Isibeleko sakho siqala ukuba buthathaka kwaye sivuleka ukulungiselela ukubeletha. Ungafumana umntwana wakho nangaliphi na ixesha ngoku . Ama-95% oomama bazala abantwana babo kwiiveki ezimbini emva komhla wokuzalwa. Ukubona amabala kungaba luphawu lokuba ukubeletha kuyaqala. Ukuba unamawele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise ukubeletha ukuba ukubeletha akukaqali kule veki.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Ukuba yinkwenkwe, gqiba kwangaphambili ukuba uya kuyisoka okanye hayi. Sisigqibo senkcubeko okanye sonqulo kunokuba sisigqibo sezonyango.

Iveki yama-39: Masiqonde ubulumko bokwenyani nobobuxoki.

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Izihlunu zengalo nemilenze yomntwana ngoku ziqinile kakhulu. Izinzipho nazo zikhule ngokupheleleyo. Amaphaphu akhule ngokupheleleyo - oko kuthetha ukuba sele ekulungele ukuphefumla nokulila. Ungafumana kulula ukuphefumla kuba intloko yomntwana iwele entlango. Ungaziva iintshukumo zomntwana ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuba akukho ndawo ininzi.

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Lixesha apho umzimba wakho uzive umkhulu kakhulu kwaye ungakhululekanga. Iziko lakho lomxhuzulane litshintshile, ngoko ungaziva ungalingani kakuhle kunesiqhelo. Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho uthi hayi, kusakhuselekile ukuba nesondo.

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Qaphela iimpawu zokubeleka, kodwa ungacingi ngazo. Kusenokuba namhlanje, ngomso, okanye emva kweveki. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umahluko phakathi komsebenzi wokwenene nomsebenzi wobuxoki.

Uphawu Umsebenzi wobuxoki Umsebenzi Wokwenene
Uhlobo lwentlungu Ayilandeli indlela ebekiweyo. Iyafika ihambe. Iza rhoqo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iintlungu ziyaqina kwaye zihlale ixesha elide.
Apho intlungu ivakala khona Ihlala ivakala kwisisu esisezantsi nakwindawo yemiphunga. Ingaqala emqolo ongezantsi ize isasazeke esiswini sonke.
Xa utshintsha izikhundla Intlungu inokuncipha okanye iphele xa uhamba, usela amanzi, okanye ugoba. Nokuba wenza ntoni na, intlungu ayizukuphela.

Iveki yama-40: Ixesha elimnandi lifikile!

Yintoni ingxaki ngomntwana?

Abantwana abangamakhwenkwe badla ngokuba nobunzima obuncinci kunezingane ezingamantombazana. Umntwana wakho sele ekulungele ukukuhlangabeza, akhale, atye, aphefumle, aze akhabe! Umntwana wakho ngoku unobunzima obufana nevatala encinci, obumalunga neekhilogram eziyi-3.3 (iikhilogram eziyi-7.25).

Yintoni engalunganga ngawe?

Lifikile ixesha. Kodwa ungakhathazeki ukuba udlule umhla wakho wokuzalwa. Yi-5% kuphela yeentsana ezizalwa ngomhla wazo wokuzalwa . Kunokuba nzima ukufumana indawo ekhululekileyo, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukulala kakuhle ebusuku. Kodwa phumla imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba amanzi akho aphuka, ungaziva ngathi amanzi akho aphuka ngequbuliso okanye kancinci. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

Icebiso elincinci kule veki: Ukuba uziva ngathi uqala ukuziva unesicaphucaphu, yitya ukutya okukhaphukhaphu. Khumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha nokutya into ekhaphukhaphu kunokukwenza uzive unesicaphucaphu.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

  • Iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kobunzima bomntwana kunye nemiphunga ukuze akhule ngokupheleleyo.
  • Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungakhululekanga emzimbeni, umqolo obuhlungu, kunye nokungalali ngeli xesha. Kodwa ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
  • Soloko ujonga iintshukumo zomntwana wakho. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba akashukumi ngendlela eqhelekileyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
  • Qonda umahluko phakathi kokuzala ngokoqobo nokuzala okungekho mthethweni. Ukuphula amanzi akho kunye nokuqhomfa rhoqo, okubuhlungu, ziimpawu zokuzala ngokoqobo.
  • Ukuba nebhegi yakho yesibhedlele, izinto zomntwana, kunye nomntu oza kukunceda xa ufika ekhaya ulungile kwangethuba kunokunceda ukuthintela uloyiko lomzuzu wokugqibela.

Ukukhulelwa, iiveki ezingama-35-40, uphuhliso lomntwana, ukuzala, ukuzala, umama okhulelweyo, ukukhulelwa iveki neveki, ikota yokugqibela, iimpawu zokuzala
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.

Faka uluvo lwakho

Nceda ubale: 8 + 3 =