Ngaba wakha wamiselwa amayeza ngugqirha, kodwa awasebenzanga kuwe, nangona asebenza kumhlobo wakho? Okanye wakha waba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ozifumana nguwe kuphela kumayeza athile amanye angawasebenzisiyo? Usenokuba ukhe wazibuza, "Kutheni la mayeza engasebenzi kum?" Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba isizathu soku singaba ziijini zakho? Ayimangalisi na? Ewe, ezi jini zincinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu zinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela amayeza esiwasebenzisa ngayo. Namhlanje sithetha ngomnye wemimandla emitsha nebaluleke kakhulu yezonyango. Yiyo loo nto i-Pharmacogenomics.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Pharmacogenomics?
Eli gama lide kancinci kwaye libonakala linzima, akunjalo? Kodwa masilihlalutye. Emva koko kulula kakhulu. Lenziwe ngamagama amabini adibeneyo.
1. I-Pharmacology: Oku kubhekisa ekufundeni amayeza . Oko kukuthi, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo iyeza, into eliyenzayo emzimbeni, kunye nemiphumo yalo.
2. I-Genomics: Oku kubhekisa ekufundeni ii-genes kunye nomsebenzi wazo .
Ngoko ke xa ezi zimbini zidibana, i-Pharmacogenomics luphando lwendlela ii-genes zethu ezisabela ngayo kumayeza esiwasebenzisayo. Ngamafutshane, kukufumanisa ukuba iyeza olinikwayo liza kusebenza kakuhle kangakanani, okanye ukuba linokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngokusekelwe kwi-genetic form yakho.
Oku kukwicandelo elitsha lezonyango elibizwa ngokuba yi- "Precision Medicine." Lithetha "amayeza athile." Endaweni yokunika wonke umntu amayeza afanayo, iqwalasela izinto ezifana nemfuza yakho, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo, kwaye ikhethe unyango olukufaneleyo . Cinga ngako njengokuya evenkileni uthenge ilokhwe enobukhulu obufanayo bomntu wonke, endaweni yokuya kumthungi wempahla uze wenze ilokhwe ngokwemilinganiselo yakho. Oku kuyafana.
Okwangoku, le ndlela isetyenziselwa inani elilinganiselweyo lezifo namayeza. Umzekelo, le ndlela isetyenziselwa i-HIV, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ukudakumba, kunye namanye amayeza esifo sentliziyo. Kodwa eli candelo liphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngexesha elifutshane, i-pharmacogenomics iya kunceda oogqirha bakhethe amayeza afanelekileyo nakwizifo eziqhelekileyo.
Izakhi zofuzo zethu ziwachaphazela njani amayeza?
Ukuze siqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sijonge ukuba zeziphi izinto ezenziwa zi-genes emizimbeni yethu. Cinga nge-genes zethu njengencwadi epheleleyo yemiyalelo yokwakha nokusebenza kwemizimba yethu. Iiseli emizimbeni yethu zisebenza ngokwemiyalelo ekule ncwadi yemiyalelo.
Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka yenziwe ngale miyalelo zii-enzymes.Ukwenza iimolekyuli zeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes. Ii-enzymes zifana nabasebenzi abancinci emizimbeni yethu. Aba basebenzi banemisebenzi emininzi. Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kule kukwaphula, okanye ukunyibilikisa, amayeza esiwasebenzisayo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba usela ipilisi. Ayinyangeki ngqo isifo. Elo pilisi kufuneka liqale liye kwiifektri ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu (umzekelo, kwisibindi), apho abasebenzi balapho (oko kukuthi ii-enzymes) bayayiqhekeza, bayiqhekeze, baze bayenze isebenziseke ngumzimba.
Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi enzymes azisebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yotshintsho kwiijini zabanye abantu?
- Ukuba ii-enzymes zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: Iyeza olithathayo, ngaphambi kokuba lifunxwe kwaye lichaphazele isifo, liyaqhekeka kwaye likhutshwe emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko idosi eqhelekileyo ayanelanga kuwe. Iyeza liya kuvakala ngathi alisebenzi.
- Ukuba ii-enzymes zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: Iyeza olithathayo liyaqhekeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wakho. Emva koko iyeza liqokelelana emzimbeni wakho ngoxinzelelo olukhulu. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ugqithise kakhulu kwidosi eqhelekileyo kwaye kube nemiphumo emibi kakhulu .
- Ukuba i-enzyme ayisebenzi konke konke: Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza, umzimba unokuyeka ukuvelisa i-enzyme ekuthethwa ngayo. Emva koko iyeza lisenokungasebenzi konke konke kuwe.
Yiyo loo nto notshintsho oluncinci kwiijini zethu lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumayeza esiwasebenzisayo.
Luluphi uvavanyo olusetyenziswayo ukufumanisa olu tshintsho lwemfuza?
Oku sikubiza ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-pharmacogenomic . Olu luvavanyo lwe-genetic. Lujonga i-DNA yakho kwaye lujonge naluphi na utshintsho kwi-gene enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezichaphazela indlela ichiza eliwohloka ngayo.
Olu vavanyo ludla ngokusebenzisa isampuli yegazi okanye i-buccal swab . Kulula kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uthumela le sampuli kwilebhu. Iingcali apho zijonga utshintsho kwi-DNA yakho kwiijini ezifanelekileyo.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi iijini oza kuzivavanya ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho yempilo kunye nohlobo lwamayeza aceba ukukunika wona.
Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko apho kufuneka uvavanyo lwe-pharmacogenomic?
Olu vavanyo alwenziwa okwangoku kuzo zonke izifo okanye amayeza onke. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu vavanyo xa enyanga iimeko ezithile. Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo. Ukuze uqonde olu lwazi ngokucacileyo, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Imeko yezonyango | I-gene/i-enzyme efanelekileyo | Impembelelo kunye nenkcazo elula |
|---|---|---|
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | I-gene ye-SLCO1B1 | Abantu abaneentlobo ezithile zale gene banokufumana iintlungu eziqatha zemisipha kunye nobuthathaka xa bethatha amayeza e-statin (umz., iSimvastatin, iAtorvastatin) ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ukuba oku kufunyenwe kwangethuba kuvavanyo , ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukukunika elinye iyeza. |
| Uxinzelelo | Izakhi zofuzo ze-CYP2D6 kunye ne-CYP2C19 | Olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lutshintsha isantya apho ezinye izidambisi-ntlungu ziqhekeka khona emzimbeni. Kwabanye, amayeza asebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Kwabanye, abangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekukhetheni amayeza asebenzayo kakhulu aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa . |
| Umhlaza | Iijini ezahlukeneyo (umz. i-HER2, i-TPMT, i-UGT1A1, i-DPD) |
|
| Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi | I-CYP2C19 gene kunye nezinye | I-warfarin ye-blood thinner kufuneka inikwe ngeedosi eziphantsi kakhulu kubantu abanezakhi ezithile zemfuza. Kwakhona, iyeza le-clopidogrel (Plavix®) lisenokungasebenzi konke konke kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokwahluka kwe-enzyme ye-CYP2C19. |
| Usulelo lwe-HIV | Izakhi zofuzo ze-HLA-B kunye ne-CYP2B6 | Abantu abanohlobo oluthile lwe-HLA-B gene banokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu eluswini ukuba banikwe iyeza i-Abacavir. Ke ngoko, olu vavanyo luyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba banikwe eli yeza. |
| Iingxaki zesistim somzimba | I-TPMT, NUDT15, CYP3A5 | Emva kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba, njengokufakelwa izintso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza okuthintela amasosha omzimba (umz., iAzathioprine, iTacrolimus) kuxhomekeke kwezi jini. Utshintsho kwezi jini lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umzimba ungalamkeli ilungu elifakelweyo . |
Zithini iingenelo zale ndlela?
Njengoko icandelo le-Pharmacogenomics likhula, siza kuzuza lukhulu.
- Unyango olukhuselekileyo: Oogqirha banokuchonga amayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye ukugqithisa amayeza kwabanye abantu, ukuze bakwazi ukuwaphepha loo mayeza baze bakunike amayeza akhuselekileyo .
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zonyango: Khawuthelekelele, kufuneka utshintshe amayeza ama-3-4 kwisifo, uze ekugqibeleni ufumane amayeza afanelekileyo. Kude kube ngoko, ixesha lakho, imali, kunye nomgudu wakho ziyachithwa. Kwaye ubandezeleka de isifo sibe ngcono. Kodwa ukuba olu vavanyo lunokunyanga isifo ngonyango lokuqala olunikiweyo , ingaba lukhulu kangakanani loo nto?
- Uphuhliso lwamayeza ekujoliswe kuwo: Ezinye izifo zibangelwa lutshintsho kwijini ethile. Ngoko ke abaphandi banokuphuhlisa amayeza amatsha ajolise ngqo kutshintsho kwijini leyo . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo ezinje ngomhlaza.
Kodwa oku kunemida yako...
Nokuba le ndlela ilungile kangakanani na, ayisombululi yonke into. Xa ekhetha iyeza, ugqirha akacingi nje ngemfuza. Kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ii-genes zakho ziyinxalenye enye yebali. Zininzi nezinye izinto ezichaphazela indlela amayeza asebenza ngayo.
Ugqirha kufuneka akhathazeke nangezinye izinto ezifana nezi:
- Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku: Amayeza owasebenzisayo kwimeko ethile aze amanye asebenzise kwenye imeko anokuchaphazela umzimba wakho ngendlela ebangela ukuba uqhekeke.
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo: Umzekelo, ukuba unengxaki yesibindi okanye yezintso, inokuchaphazela indlela elikhutshwa ngayo iyeza emzimbeni.
- Indlela ophila ngayo: Oko ukutyayo nokuselayo, nokuba uyawuzilolonga okanye awuwulolongi, kwanezinto ezifana nokutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala zinokuchaphazela indlela amayeza akho angasebenzi kakuhle ngayo.
Ukongeza, kukho nezinye iingxaki ezininzi:
- Ixabiso: Nangona ixabiso lezi zilingo zemfuza lihla kancinci kancinci, zisenokuba zibiza kakhulu kwabanye abantu ukuba bangazihlawulela.
- Ukungafikeleleki: Izixhobo zokwenza olu vavanyo azikafumaneki kuyo yonke indawo eSri Lanka. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Nangona kunjalo, eli candelo le-"Precision Medicine" likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho . Mbuze ukuba kukho nayiphi na inzuzo yokwenza olu hlobo lovavanyo lwemeko yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Pharmacogenomics luphando nje lokuba izakhi zofuzo zakho zichaphazela njani amayeza owaselayo.
- Ngale ndlela, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha iyeza elikhuselekileyo nelisebenzayo kuwe.
- Eli licandelo elisaphuhlayo. Okwangoku lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezimbalwa ezithile, ezifana ne-HIV, umhlaza, kunye nokudakumba.
- Ayizizo zofuzo zakho kuphela ezigqiba ukuba ichiza liza kukusebenzela na. Indlela ophila ngayo, amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo nazo zidlala indima.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, umntu ofanelekileyo nofanelekileyo onokuthetha naye ngugqirha wakho.
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