Igazi elisemzimbeni wethu lilulwelo olumangalisayo ngokwenene, akunjalo? Ligazi elithwala izondlo kunye neoksijini kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wethu, kwaye lisikhusela kwizifo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye zezinto ezikweli gazi ziqala ukubangela iingxaki emizimbeni yethu. Kulapho siza kuthetha ngendlela yonyango enzima kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu eza kusinceda.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni le plasma?
Xa sithetha ngegazi, sicinga ngolwelo olubomvu. Kodwa kukho iinxalenye ezine eziphambili zeli gazi.
1. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Iiseli ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
2. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Umkhosi wethu olwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
3. Iiplatelets: Iincindi ezincinci eziyeka ukopha xa kukho inxeba.
4. Iplasma: Le yilwelo etyheli apho zonke iiseli ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zidada khona. Ifana neziqwenga zemifuno ezidada kwisuphu. Le plasma ikakhulu ngamanzi. Kodwa ikwanazo nezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu, ezifana neeproteni kunye nee-electrolytes. Ezinye zeeproteni (ii-antibodies) ezikhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo nazo zifumaneka kule plasma.
Ngoku ekubeni unombono ocacileyo nge-plasma, makhe sijonge ezi ndlela zimbini zonyango.
Umahluko phakathi kwePlasmapheresis kunye nePlasma Exchange
Nangona la magama mabini evakala efana xa uwava, kukho umahluko omncinci.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Ngamafutshane, le yinkqubo yokwahlula i-plasma egazini kuphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukuthatha igazi kumntu ophilileyo, ukwahlula i-plasma kulo, kwaye ulinike omnye umguli. Ngumnikelo we-plasma, njengokuba unikela ngegazi.
- Ukutshintshwa kwePlasma: Olu lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi kumntu ogulayo, ukusebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo ukususa iplasma enengxaki , ukuyitshintsha ngeplasma ephilileyo okanye olunye ulwelo olufanayo, uze ubuyisele igazi elicociweyo kumntu. Kufana nokususa amanzi angcolileyo uze wongeze amanzi acocekileyo kuwo.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokunyangwa ngolu nyango?
Utshintsho lweplasma lunyango olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi. Lusebenza ngakumbi kwizifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni, apho amajoni omzimba wethu ahlasela amalungu ethu aphilileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iplasma ineeproteni (ii-antibodies) ezihlasela umzimba ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ngoko ke xa iplasma enengxaki isusiwe, iimpawu ziyancitshiswa kakhulu.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziselwa olu nyango.
| Udidi lwezifo | Igama lesifo | Indlela unyango olunceda ngayo |
|---|---|---|
| Iingxaki ze-Neurologic | I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Xa iimpawu zisiba mandundu ngequbuliso, iiproteni zomzimba ezizihlaselayo ziyasuswa kwi-plasma kwaye iimpawu ziyalawulwa. |
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Ii-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga ezibuthathaka izihlunu kwaye zihlasela izicubu eziphilileyo ziyahluzwa kwi-plasma. | |
| Isifo sikaGuillain-Barré | Xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imithambo-luvo, isusa ezo antibodies ziyingozi kwi-plasma. | |
| Izifo Zegazi | I-Cryoglobulinemia | Ukuthintela iiproteni zegazi ukuba zingadibani kwaye zivale imithambo yegazi, isusa ezo proteni ziyingozi. |
| I-Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | Iplasma eyingozi ebangela ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi emincinci iyasuswa kwaye kubonelelwa ngeplasma ephilileyo. | |
| Iintlobo zeMihlaza | Waldenström macroglobulinemia | Zisuswa kwi-plasma ukuze kulawulwe ubungakanani bee-antibodies eziveliswa ngokungaqhelekanga (i-immunoglobulin M). |
| I-myeloma eninzi | Isusa iiproteni eziyingozi eziveliswa ziiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga nezinomhlaza kumongo wethambo. |
Indlela unyango oluhamba ngayo: ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva
Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa usiva ngolu hlobo lonyango. Kodwa wakuba uyiqonda kakuhle indlela olusebenza ngayo, olo loyiko luyaphela.
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi konyango
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuthumelele olu nyango, nazi ezinye iingcebiso:
- Sela ulwelo oluninzi olungena-carbonated (amanzi, ijusi yeziqhamo) malunga neeyure ezingama-72 ngaphambi konyango.
- Yitya isidlo esimnandi malunga neyure ngaphambi konyango.
- Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo . Ekubeni unyango luza kuthatha iiyure ezininzi, kungcono ukuzisa incwadi yokufunda okanye into yokumamela.
- Kubalulekile ukuba nomntu oza kukusa ekhaya emva konyango.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango
Oku akuyonto inzima njengoko unokucinga.
1. Okokuqala, abasebenzi bezonyango baza kufaka ityhubhu ekhethekileyo (i-catheter) kumthambo osengalweni yakho okanye mhlawumbi umthambo omkhulu entanyeni okanye emathunjini akho.
2. Emva koko, igazi elincinci liyakhutshwa emzimbeni wakho ngaloo mbhobho.
3. Igazi liya ngqo kumatshini okhethekileyo. Lo matshini wahlula iplasma egazini lakho.
4. Emva koko, iplasma yakho engathandabuzekiyo iyasuswa ize ilahlwe.
5. Iiseli zakho ezibomvu eziseleyo, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets ngoku zixutywe neplasma esempilweni okanye ulwelo olukhethekileyo oluneproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-albumin .
6. Ekugqibeleni, eli gazi licociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngaloo mbhobho.
Lonke eli xesha lingathatha iiyure ezininzi , apho ungaphumla ebhedini okanye esitulweni.
Ingaba oku kubuhlungu?
Hayi. Olu nyango alubuhlungu . Nangona kunjalo, ungaziva ungakhululekanga xa i-catheter ifakwa engalweni yakho. Ngaphandle koko, akukho ntlungu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Kuvakala ngathi kukuvaleka kancinci kwamalungu omzimba.
- IsicaphucaphuLowo uzayo.
- Ukuziva ngathi unesiyezi .
- Ndiziva ndibanda .
Ukuba uziva into efana nale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela umongikazi okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Emva konyango
Abantu abaninzi baziva bediniwe kakhulu emva konyango. Oku kuqhelekile. I-plasma yeyona nto iphambili esinika amanzi emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ukuba usele amanzi kunye nolwelo oluninzi kunesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva konyango.
Iingenelo kunye neengozi zonyango
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingenelo kunye neengozi ezincinci kakhulu.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi okanye iingxaki |
|---|---|
|
|
Khumbula ukuba ezi ngozi azixhaphakanga , kwaye iqela lezonyango liza kuhlala likubeka esweni ngexesha lonyango, ngoko ke ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki, ziya kunyangwa ngoko nangoko.
Imibuzo onokuba nayo
Ingaba oku kufana ne-dialysis?
Umbuzo omhle. Umgaqo osemva kwezi ndlela zombini uyafana: ukuhluza izinto ezingafunekiyo neziyingozi egazini. Kodwa kukho umahluko.
I-Dialysis isetyenziselwa ukususa inkunkuma egazini lomntu onesifo sezintso.
Ukutshintshwa kweplasma kwenziwa ukuze kususwe ii-antibodies okanye iiproteni eziyingozi egazini.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?
Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Umzekelo, umntu one-myasthenia gravis usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa zonyango. Emva koko, unyango lunokufuneka kwakhona. Olu lunyango olulawula iimpawu kwaye lwenza ubomi bube lula, endaweni yokunyanga isifo.
Khumbula, ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma akuyonto yonyango lwezifo ezininzi. Kodwa inamandla okulawula iimpawu ezinzima kwaye iphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ukuba unikwe olu nyango, zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutshintshwa kweplasma lunyango olukhethekileyo olususa iplasma eyingozi egazini luze luyithathele indawo ngolwelo olusempilweni luze luyibuyisele emzimbeni.
- Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, ezinye izifo zegazi, kunye nomhlaza.
- Le nkqubo ayinazintlungu kwaye ikhuselekile ngokubanzi. Naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci ezinokubakho zinokulawulwa lula ngoogqirha.
- Olu lunyango olulawula iimpawu kwaye lwenza ubomi bube lula, kodwa alulonyango oluphilisa ngokupheleleyo izifo ezininzi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngolu nyango nogqirha wakho uze usombulule zonke iingxaki zakho.
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