Xa usike umnwe wakho, ukopha kuyayeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Okanye xa utyumza idolo lakho ngelixa udlala, igazi liyaqhekeka phezu kwenxeba lize lilivale. Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngubani owenza le nto imangalisayo? Oku kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Inoxanduva kwezinye zeeseli ezincinci, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu egazini lethu. Ngokwezonyango sizibiza ezi platelets, okanye iiplatelets . Abanye abantu bayazibiza ngokuba `(Thrombocytes)`. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngala maqhawe amancinci.
Ngamafutshane, zithini iiplatelets?
Cinga ngayo njenge-Band-Aid encinci eyakheka emzimbeni wakho ngokwemvelo. Yiyo loo nto iiplatelets ziyiyo. Azizo iiseli ezipheleleyo, ziziqwenga ezincinci eziqhekeka kwiiseli ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-megakaryocytes kwi-bone marrow yethu. Zincinci kakhulu kwaye azinambala. Kodwa zenza umsebenzi omninzi.
Ukuba uthabatha ithontsi egazini lakho, kukho amashumi amawaka ezi platelets kulo. Ukuze imizimba yethu ihlale isempilweni, inani lezi platelets kufuneka libe nomlinganiselo ogqibeleleyo.
- Inani eliphantsi leeplatelet (Thrombocytopenia): Ukuba ufumana isilonda, ukopha kusenokungayeki kwaye ungopha kakhulu. Oku kunokuba yingozi.
- Ukuba iiplatelets ziyanda (Thrombocytosis): Oku kunokubangela ukuba amahlwili egazi avele ngokungeyomfuneko, nto leyo enokuthi ihlale kwimithambo yegazi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kuphela xa kukho inani elifanelekileyo leeplatelet apho ukopha kungayeka xa konzakele, kwaye kuthintele ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angeyomfuneko.
Umsebenzi oyintloko weeplatelets kukuyeka ukopha.
Umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu weeplatelets kukuyeka ukopha xa kukho umonakalo kwenye yemithambo yethu yegazi, oko kukuthi, inxeba. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi "Hemostasis". Le yinto eyenzeka ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngamanyathelo aliqela. Khawucinge ngombhobho wamanzi onomngxuma. Ezi platelets zenza umsebenzi ofana neplasta esiyibeka ukuyivala.
Nantsi indlela eyenzeka ngayo:
1. Ukuncamathela: Kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba umthambo wegazi unqunyulwe, iiplatelets, ezihamba emzimbeni wonke kunye negazi, zikhawuleza ziye kwindawo eyenzekileyo zize zinamathele eludongeni oluqhekekileyo. Kufana nokubona umngxuma uze uwubambe.
2. Ukusebenza: Ezo platelets zibambekileyo "ziyasebenza." Oko kukuthi, zitshintsha imo. Zitshintsha ukusuka kwimo efana nepleyiti ukuya kwimo efana nesigcawu enemisonto ephumayo. Le milenze inokubamba iindonga zenxeba kwaye ezinye iiplatelets zikwazi ukubamba ngcono. Kwakhona, ezi platelets zisebenza zikhupha iikhemikhali. Ezi khemikhali zithumela isignali kwezinye iiplatelets, zisithi, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza ngokukhawuleza!"
3. Ukudibanisa:Nje ukuba loo mqondiso ufunyenwe, amawaka ee-platelet afika kwindawo leyo aze enze i-clump. Le clump iyalivala inxeba okwethutyana. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- "Platelet Plug."
Oku kufana nokuzalisa iingxowa zomhlaba ngomhlaba xa idama liqhekeka emlanjeni. Sisisombululo sexeshana.
Emva koko, njengoko ezi platelets zihlangana, kuqala enye inkqubo enzima. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Coagulation Cascade." Kule nto, ezinye iiproteni egazini (ii-clotting factors) ziyadibana zenze i-mesh enamandla ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrin . Le fibrin mesh iqinisa ngakumbi iiplatelets, yenze i-blood clot eqinileyo neyomeleleyo. Kulapho ukopha kuyeka khona ngokupheleleyo.
Ziphi ezi platelets emzimbeni wethu?
Iiplatelets zinokufunyanwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezintathu emzimbeni wethu.
- Umongo Wethambo: Le "yifektri" yeeplatelets. Iiseli zethu zegazi zenziwe kumongo wethambo, ongaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Iiplatelets zahlulwa zibe ziinxalenye ezincinci ziiseli ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Megakaryocytes" apha kwaye zikhutshelwa egazini.
- Igazi: Xa sele zisegazini, ezi platelets zihamba emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yokuba zilula, zihlala kufutshane nodonga lwemithambo yegazi. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho ukwenzakala, zinokufika ngokukhawuleza kwindawo leyo.
- I-spleen: Le yindawo yokugcina kunye "neyokuphinda isetyenziswe" yee-platelets. Malunga nesinye kwisithathu see-platelets eziveliswa emzimbeni wethu zigcinwa kwaye zigcinwe kwi-spleen. Ikwasusa kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe ii-platelets ezindala nezonakalisweyo.
Zingaphi iiplatelets ekufuneka umntu ophilileyo abe nazo egazini lakhe?
Umntu omdala osempilweni uneeplatelets eziphakathi kwe -150,000 kunye ne-450,000 kwi-microliter nganye (ithontsi elincinci kakhulu legazi). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba eli nani libe ngaphakathi kwale mida.
Ixesha lokuphila kweplatelet lifutshane kakhulu. Iplatelet iyatshatyalaliswa kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. Ngenxa yoko, umongo wethu wethambo kufuneka wongeze rhoqo iiplatelet ezintsha egazini. Le yinkqubo eqhubekayo.
Ziziphi izifo eziphambili ezinxulumene neeplatelets?
Uninzi lwezifo ezinxulumene neeplatelets zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: inani eliphantsi leeplatelets okanye inani eliphezulu leeplatelets.
| Imeko yezonyango | Intsingiselo elula kunye nesiphumo |
|---|---|
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Oku kukwehla kwenani leeplatelet . Le meko inokwenzeka xa unesifo esifana ne-dengue. Le meko iyenzeka nokuba umzimba uvelisa iiplatelet ezimbalwa okanye xa iiplatelet eziveliswayo zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Umngcipheko ophambili apha kukopha kakhulu, nokuba kukwenzakala okuncinci. |
| I-Thrombocytosis | Oku kukwanda kweeplatelets . Le meko yenzeka xa kuveliswa iiplatelets ezininzi kakhulu ngenxa yengxaki kumongo wethambo. Ingozi ephambili apha kukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angafunekiyo emzimbeni. Ukuba la mahlwili egazi avala imithambo yegazi ekhokelela entliziyweni, ebuchotsheni, okanye emiphungeni, inokuba yingozi ebomini. |
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuba kukho ingxaki ngeeplatelets?
Ukuba unokungalingani kwinani leeplatelet emzimbeni wakho, unokufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukugruzuka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba uphuma imivumbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye emfusa emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokubetheka nantoni na, ngamanye amaxesha amachaphaza amancinci abomvu (i-petechiae) anokuvela phantsi kolusu. |
| Ukopha rhoqo empumlweni nasezintsinini | Ukuba iintsini zakho zihlala ziphuma igazi xa uhlamba amazinyo akho, okanye ukuba uphuma igazi rhoqo empumlweni. |
| Igazi elikwindle okanye kumchamo | Indle emnyama okanye enegazi, umchamo obomvu okanye opinki. |
| Ukopha kakhulu kokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini | Ukopha ngexesha lokuya exesheni ixesha elide okanye elinzima kunesiqhelo. |
| Ukopha kakhulu ngenxa yokwenzakala okuncinci | Nokuba inxeba elincinci lithatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha. |
| Ubungqindilili, ukudumba kwamalungu | Uphawu olunokwenzeka xa iiplatelets zisanda. Oku kunokwenzeka xa amahlwili egazi ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, ubuthathaka | Ezi zikwazimpawu ezinzulu ezinokubakho ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi okwenziwa kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi engqondweni ngenxa yokwanda kweeplatelets. |
Uyijonga njani impilo yeeplatelets?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho unamathandabuzo malunga neeplatelets zakho, angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa oko.
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): ESri Lanka, sidla ngokubiza oku ngokuba yiFull Blood Count (FBC). Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho nokulinganisa inani elichanekileyo leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets ezikuyo.
- I-Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS): Oku kuquka ukuthambisa igazi elincinci kwisilayidi seglasi uze ulijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kuvumela ukuba ii-platelet zibonakale zikwimo engaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu obungaqhelekanga.
- Uvavanyo lokuQonda igazi: Uvavanyo olujonga ukuba igazi lakho liqina ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Olu vavanyo lunokunika umbono womsebenzi weeplatelets zakho.
- I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Kwezinye iimeko, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo kwithambo lesinqe phantsi kwe-anesthesia ukujonga iingxaki zomongo wethambo, apho kuveliswa khona iiplatelets.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi meko?
Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi okanye liphezulu, kunye nesizathu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kulungile ukuba nolwazi ngezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo, kodwa ungaze uqale okanye uyeke naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Amayeza: Ukuba une-platelet ephezulu, unganikwa amayeza anciphisa ukuveliswa kwazo. Ukuba inani eliphantsi le-platelet libangelwa yingxaki yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, unganikwa amanye amayeza okunyanga.
- I-Aspirin: Ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi kubantu abaneeplatelet ezininzi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe i-aspirin yedosi ephantsi imihla ngemihla.
- Utofelo-gazi lwePlatelet: Ukuba inani leeplatelet liphantsi kakhulu kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokopha, iiplatelet ezithathwe kumntu ophilileyo zinikwa umzimba ngegazi.
- Utyando lwe-Splenectomy: Kwezinye iimeko, i-spleen ibamba kwaye itshabalalise ii-platelet ezininzi kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe i-spleen.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina iiplatelets ziphilile?
Ukuba sele unesifo esinxulumene neeplatelet, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zihlala zinceda ukugcina iiplatelet zethu ziphilile.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala. Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza komongo wethambo kwaye kunciphise ukuveliswa kweeplatelet.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye kwandise utyekelo lokuba iiplatelets zinamathelene.
- Ziphephe iikhemikhali ezinobungozi. Ukuchasana nezinye iikhemikhali, ezifana nezibulali-zinambuzane, kunokonakalisa umongo wethambo.
- Zikhusele ekwenzakaleni. Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi, kufuneka uzikhathalele kakhulu ukuze uzikhusele ekuweni nasekuvuthweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiplatelets ziiseli ezincinci egazini lethu eziyeka ukopha xa senzakele.
- Ukwehla kwenani leeplatelet (thrombocytopenia) kunye nokwanda kwenani leeplatelet (thrombocytosis) ziingxaki.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokugruzuka okungachazwanga, ukopha rhoqo kweempumlo, okanye ukopha kweentsini. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki yeeplatelet.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, musa ukucinga nje, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Ungaze usebenzise naliphi na iyeza olithandayo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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