Xa ufumana inxeba elincinci, njengaxa usika isandla sakho ngemela ngelixa usika imifuno, kwaye ukopha kuyeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka njani oko? Yinkqubo emangalisayo ngokwenene. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngamaqhawe amancinci emizimbeni yethu anceda kuloo nto. Aba bantu sibabiza ngokuba ziiplatelets, okanye njengoko besitsho ngesiNgesi, iiplatelets .
Ngoko ke zithini ezi platelets?
Ngamafutshane, iiplatelets ziziqwenga ezincinci zeeseli egazini lethu. Azizo iiseli ezipheleleyo, kodwa zibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Zifana neplasta yendalo emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba kukho inxeba ndaweni ithile kwaye umthambo wegazi wonakele, ezi platelets ziyangena ngokukhawuleza zize zincede ekumiseni ukopha.
Khawucinge nje, ukuba uthatha ithontsi legazi lakho, kukho amashumi amawaka ezi platelets kulo. Ngoko ke ungacinga ukuba zincinci kangakanani ezi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wezi platelets emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba ziphantsi , nokuba linxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha kakhulu. Kwakhona, ukuba ziphezulu , amahlwili egazi anokwakheka emithanjeni ngokungeyomfuneko aze abangele iimeko eziyingozi. Ke ngoko, ezi platelets kufuneka zilingane ukuze ziyeke ukopha kwaye zithintele ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angafunekiyo.
Zisebenza njani iiplatelets zegazi?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Iiplatelets zisebenza njengeqela lezonyango eliqeqeshwe kakuhle. Kwangoko nje umthambo wegazi wonakele, eli qela liqala ukusebenza. Kwezonyango, le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-'hemostasis'. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka njani inyathelo ngenyathelo.
Khawucinge ngomngxuma omkhulu endleleni. Iqela labasebenzi liza kuwulungisa, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo.
1. Ukuncamathela: Okokuqala, iiplatelets, ezidada ngokukhululekileyo egazini, zikhawuleza ziye kwindawo apho umthambo wegazi uqhekeka khona zize zinamathele eludongeni oluqhekekileyo. Njengokuba iqela lokwakha lifika kuqala kwindawo enomngxuma endleleni.
2. Ukusebenza: Okulandelayo, iiplatelets ezifika apho "ziyasebenza." Zitshintsha imo yazo, zenza kube lula ukuba zinamathele kwezinye iiplatelets. Zikwakhupha iikhemikhali. Ezi khemikhali zenza izinto ezimbini. Enye kukwenza umthambo wegazi owonakeleyo unciphe kancinci. Oku kunceda ukulawula ukopha kancinci. Enye kukuxelela ezinye iiplatelets ukuthi, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza ngokukhawuleza." Kufana neqela labasebenzi abangenayo bebeka imiqobo kwaye becela uncedo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ngoku, ngenxa yaloo mqondiso, iiplatelets ezininzi ziza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinamathele kunye zijikeleze inxeba. Zinamathelana kwaye zivale umngxuma okwethutyana. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "platelet plug."
Kodwa esi sisisombululo sexeshana nje. Kufana nokugcwalisa okwethutyana umngxuma osecaleni ngomhlaba. Kufuneka kubekho enye into ukuze uqine.
Kulapho kuqala khona ukujiya kwegazi . Apho iiplatelets zidibene khona, olunye uhlobo lweprotheyini egazini lethu (ii-clotting factors) luyadibana ukuze lwenze into ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrin . Le fibrin ifana ne-mesh enamandla. Le mesh ijikeleza iiplatelets kwaye yenze i-blood clot enamandla kakhulu, ehlala ihleli. Ngoku ukopha kuyayeka ngokupheleleyo.
Zenziwa phi ezi platelets? Zifumaneka phi?
Iiplatelets zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili emizimbeni yethu.
- Umongo wethambo: Umongo wethambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu ngumzi-mveliso apho kwenziwa khona iiseli zethu zegazi. Kukho iiseli ezinkulu kakhulu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-megakaryocytes . Ezo seli zezo zenza iiplatelets, eziziingceba ezincinci ezongezwa egazini. Yiyo loo nto ekuqaleni sathi iiplatelets azizo iiseli ezipheleleyo, kodwa ziziqwenga zeeseli.
- Igazi: Xa sele zenziwe, ezi zihamba emzimbeni wethu ngemithambo yegazi. Iiplatelets zezona ndawo zikhaphukhaphu egazini. Yiyo loo nto zihamba kufutshane neendonga zemithambo yegazi. Ngale ndlela, kulula ukuba zifike apho ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho ukwenzakala kwenye indawo.
- I-spleen: I -spleen sisitho esikwicala eliphezulu lasekhohlo lesisu sakho. Sigcina malunga nesithathu see-platelet eziveliswa emzimbeni wethu. Sikwasusa ii-platelet ezindala nezonakaliswe yimizimba yethu.
Zingaphi iiplatelets ezimele zibe segazini ngokuqhelekileyo?
Umntu ophilileyo uneeplatelets eziphakathi kwe- 150,000 kunye ne -450,000 kwi-microliter yegazi. Olu luluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Ubomi beplatelets buziintsuku ezisi-7-10 kuphela. Ngoko ke imizimba yethu ihlala isenza iiplatelets ezintsha. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuba kwenziwe iplatelets entsha.
Iiplatelets zibizwa ngokuba zii-"platelets" kuba zimile njengeeplate. Xa zisebenza, zolula imisonto efana nemilenze yesigcawu kwaye ziqhagamshelane nezinye iiplatelets ukuze zivale inxeba.
Izifo eziphambili ezinxulumene neeplatelets
Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki ngeeplatelets zenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha okanye ukwanda kwenani lazo. Masizahlule ezi meko zimbini ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Le yimeko apho inani leeplatelet egazini liyehla . Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba ukuveliswa kweeplatelet emzimbeni kuyehla okanye ukuba iiplatelet eziveliswayo zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Umngcipheko ophambili apha kukopha . |
| I-Thrombocytosis | Oku kukwanda kwenani leeplatelet egazini . Iiplatelet zinokuveliswa kakhulu ngenxa yengxaki kumongo wethambo. Okanye zinokunyuka xa kusenzeka enye imeko yempilo. Umngcipheko ophambili apha kukuqhekeka kwegazi okungeyomfuneko . |
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yeplatelet?
Ukuba kukho utshintsho kwinani leeplatelet zakho, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nayo nayiphi na kwezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Amabala esikhumba kunye nemivumbo | Ukubonakala kwamabala amfusa, abomvu eluswini (i-purpura, i-petechiae). Nokuba iqhuma elincinci lingajika libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukopha rhoqo | Ukopha rhoqo kweempumlo (epistaxis) okanye ukopha iintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho. |
| Igazi elikwisitulo okanye umchamo | Igazi elikwindle okanye umchamo obomvu/omdaka. |
| Ukuya exesheni kakhulu kwabasetyhini | Ukopha exesheni okuhlala ixesha elide okanye okunzima kunesiqhelo (i-menorrhagia). |
| Ukudumba kwepleyini | Ukuziva ubunzima okanye iintlungu kwinxalenye ephezulu yasekhohlo yesisu (i-splenomegaly). |
| Ukungabi nangqondo kwamalungu | Imvakalelo yokurhawuzelela ezandleni nasezinyaweni (i-paresthesia). |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukudumba kwemilenze (ukudumba), intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, iintlungu zomzimba. |
Uyijonga njani impilo yeeplatelets?
Ukuba unezi mpawu zingasentla, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukujonga iiplatelets zakho.
- Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (CBC): Olu luvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Lulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho. Lunokubona ukuba iiplatelets zakho ziphantsi, ziphezulu, okanye ziqhelekile.
- I-Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS): Apha, ithontsi legazi lakho lithathwa lize lijongwe nge-microscope. Oku kunokufumanisa ukuba imo kunye nobukhulu bee-platelet abuqhelekanga na.
- Uvavanyo lokujiya kwegazi: Kukwakho novavanyo olujonga ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba igazi lakho lijiye.
- I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokufuneka kuhlolwe umongo wethambo, umzi-mveliso apho kwenziwa khona iiplatelets. Oku kuquka ukunika isidambisi-ntlungu esilula kunye nokuthatha isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo kwithambo lesinqe.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ezinye iingxaki zeplatelet zinokubangelwa ziziphene zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa. Kwimeko ezinjalo, olu vavanyo lunokuba yimfuneko.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo zeplatelet?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho (iiplatelet ezisezantsi okanye eziphezulu) kunye nesizathu sayo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba naluphi na unyango kwezi kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha. Kuphephe ukuthatha amayeza wedwa.
- Amayeza:Ukuba inani leeplatelet liphezulu, amayeza anokunikwa ukulawula ukuveliswa kwazo. Ukuba inani eliphantsi leeplatelet libangelwa yenye imeko, njengesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, ukunyanga loo meko kunokunceda inani leeplatelet libuyele kwisiqhelo.
- Utofelo-gazi lwePlatelet: Kumntu onenani eliphantsi kakhulu leeplatelet kwaye enomngcipheko ophezulu wokopha, iiplatelet ezifunyenwe kwimithombo yangaphandle zinokufakwa emzimbeni ngesisombululo setyuwa.
- I-Splenectomy: Ngamanye amaxesha i-spleen yonakaliswa zii-platelet ezininzi kakhulu. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni basuse i-spleen ngotyando.
- I-Plateletpheresis: Olu lunyango lwabantu abanee-platelet ezininzi kakhulu. Igazi lakho liqhagamshelwe kumatshini okhethekileyo, osusa ii-platelet ezigqithisileyo, uze ubuyisele igazi eliseleyo emzimbeni wakho.
Uzigcina njani iiplatelet zakho ziphilile?
Ukuba unesifo se-platelet, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo. Ukongeza, ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni ngokubanzi kulungile nakwimpilo ye-platelet.
- Nciphisa utywala.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Kuphephe ukudibana neekhemikhali ezinobungozi.
- Nciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala.
Ukuba unako, unganikela ngeeplatelets kunye negazi . Eso sisenzo esixabisekileyo kakhulu sobubele. Ezi platelets zinceda ekusindiseni ubomi, njengabo banomhlaza okanye abo benzakele kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiplatelets ziyinxalenye encinci, kodwa ebalulekileyo yomzimba wethu ethintela ukopha.
- Ukuncipha kwenani labo (thrombocytopenia) kwandisa umngcipheko wokopha, ngelixa ukwanda kwenani labo (thrombocytosis) kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Ukuba unemivumbo engaziwayo, ukopha rhoqo empumlweni, okanye ukopha iintsini, kubalulekile ukuyiqwalasela loo nto uze uthethe nogqirha.
- Ungaze ungazihoyi iimpawu. Ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela izifo ezinzulu.
- Ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho kunye nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni kuya kunceda ukugcina impilo yeeplatelets zakho.
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