Sonke siphefumla rhoqo, akunjalo? Kodwa ngaba sikhe sicinge ngendlela imiphunga yethu esebenza ngayo ngobuchule nangokukhuselekileyo esifubeni sethu? Ngalo lonke ixesha siphefumla, imiphunga yethu iyavuthela ize ikhuphe umoya njengebhaluni. Xa oku kusenzeka, le miphunga inesigqubuthelo esikhethekileyo esikhuselayo esinceda ukuba ihambe kakuhle nangokulula ngaphandle kokukhuhlana neendonga zangaphakathi zesifuba. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'pleura' kunyango. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni le pleura, yintoni eyenzayo, kunye neengxaki zempilo enokuzibangela.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-pleura?
Khawuthelekelele usonga ingxowa yeplastiki phakathi. Ngoku, okwenzekayo apha kufana nokufaka enye ibhola ngaphakathi kuyo. I-pleura ikwayinwebu encinci kakhulu, efana nolwelo . Ineeleya ezimbini.
1. Umaleko wangaphakathi (iVisceral Pleura): Le yinxalenye ejikeleze imiphunga yethu ngqo, imithambo yegazi eya kuyo, kunye nemithambo-luvo. Ifana neglavu ebambelele esandleni sakho. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lo maleko awunazo iimithambo-luvo eziva iintlungu .
2. Umaleko wangaphandle (iParietal Pleura): Le yinxalenye enamathele eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwesifuba, oko kukuthi, iimbambo kunye nezihlunu ezinxulumene nazo. Kodwa inemithambo-luvo emininzi eva iintlungu . Yiyo loo nto xa kukho ingxaki nge-pleura, siva iintlungu eziqatha zesifuba, kuba lo maleko wangaphandle uyadumba.
Kukho isithuba esincinci esingenanto phakathi kwezi layers zimbini. Siyibiza ngokuba yi pleural space . Ngaphakathi kwesi sithuba kukho umaleko omncinci kakhulu wolwelo (pleural fluid) osebenza njenge lubricant. Kungenxa yolu lwelo xa siphefumla kwaye sivuthela imiphunga, ezi layers zimbini zityibilika kakuhle ngaphandle kokubethelana. Oku kufana nokubeka amanzi amancinci phakathi kweeglasi ezimbini kwaye zityibilika lula.
Ngamafutshane, umsebenzi oyintloko we-pleura kukunceda imiphunga ikhule kwaye inciphe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa okanye ukungqubana xa siphefumla.
Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-pleura?
Ngelishwa, olu hlobo lwenwebu lunokuchaphazela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nentlungu eqatha. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Pleurisy | Kulapho i-pleura ivuvukala khona. Oko kuthetha ukuba iyadumba. Idla ngokubangelwa lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya. Kulapho ulwelo oluthambileyo nolutyibilikayo lwe-pleura luyeka ukusebenza, kwaye la maleko mabini aqala ukukhuhlana. Oku kubangela intlungu ebukhali nehlabayo xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela. |
| Ukuphuma kwePleural | Ulwelo olukwindawo yepleural esithethe ngayo luninzi kakhulu lolwelo. Olu lwelo, oludla ngokuba ziitispuni ezimbalwa, lunokuqokelelwa kwiilitha ezininzi. Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku. Lubonakala kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, inyumoniya, kunye nomhlaza. Xa ulwelo luqokelelwa, lubeka uxinzelelo emiphungeni kwaye lwenze kube nzima ukuphefumla. |
| I-Hemothorax | Kulapho isithuba se-pleural sizaliswa ligazi. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukwenzakala okanye ingozi esifubeni (umz., ingozi yemoto, inxeba lokuhlatywa). Igazi liyaqokelelana lize libeke uxinzelelo emiphungeni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. |
| I-Pneumothorax | Oku kukungena komoya kwindawo ye-pleural. Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yomngxuma okwimiphunga okanye eludongeni lwesifuba. Kunokwenzeka nangenxa yengozi, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwesizathu konke konke (ingakumbi kubantu abancinci, abade, nabancinci abatshayayo). Xa umoya uqokelelana, imiphunga iyawa. |
| I-Pleural Mesothelioma | Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Yimeko yomhlaza eyenzeka kwi-pleura. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuvezwa ixesha elide kwikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-asbestos. |
Zithini iimpawu zomonakalo we-pleural?
Khawuthelekelele ubetheke esifubeni yibhola ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu ngelixa udlala ikhilikithi, okanye uwe ebhayisekileni. Oku kungonakalisa ipleura. Kukho iimpawu eziphambili ezininzi oza kuzifumana:
- Intlungu ebukhali yesifuba:Olu luphawu oluphambili. Le ntlungu inzima ngakumbi xa uphefumla nzulu, ukhohlela, okanye uthimla . Abantu abaninzi bayichaza njengokuziva ngathi kukho umntu obahlaba esifubeni ngemela.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuziva ufuthanisekile, kwenzeka xa imiphunga ingakwazi ukufutha kakuhle.
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangokufutshane: Ekubeni ungakwazi ukuphefumla nzulu ngenxa yentlungu, izinga lokuphefumla kwakho liyakhula kwaye uthambekele ekuphefumleni okufutshane.
- Ukukhwehlela: Abanye abantu banokuba nokukhwehlela okomileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unentlungu esifubeni kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla ngolu hlobo emva kokwenzakala esifubeni, musa ukuyityeshela . Isenokuba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, kuya kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa .
- Intlungu ebukhali yesifuba ngequbuliso, enganyamezelekiyo.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.
- Imilebe okanye ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo).
- Ukubila kakhulu nokuquleka.
Oogqirha bazixilonga njani ezi meko?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze amamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-pleura, ngamanye amaxesha unokuva i-pleural rub. Ukongeza, angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa imeko echanekileyo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kunokujonga ukuba akukho manzi okanye umoya oqokelelene kwindawo ye-pleural, okanye ukuba imiphunga ayisebenzi kakuhle na.
- I-CT Scan kunye ne-Ultrasound Scan: Ezi zibonelela ngemifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-X-ray. Zinceda ekufumaneni indawo echanekileyo yengxaki.
- I-Thoracentesis: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa inaliti ecolekileyo kakhulu ukususa isampuli encinci yolwelo kwindawo ye-pleural uze uyithumele kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni izinto ezifana nosulelo kunye nokuba khona kweeseli zomhlaza.
- I-Thoracoscopy: Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci eneekhamera esifubeni ukuze kubonwe i-pleura kunye nemiphunga ngaphakathi. Le nkqubo ikwasetyenziselwa ukuthatha isampuli yezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nobunzima bayo.
- Iintlobo zamayeza:Ukuba kukho usulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amanye amayeza okunyanga. Kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintlungu ukulawula iintlungu.
- Ukunika ioksijini: Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunikwa ioksijini.
- Ukususa ulwelo okanye umoya: Ukuba ulwelo oluninzi okanye umoya uqokelelene kwindawo yepleural, kufakwa inaliti okanye ityhubhu encinci (ityhubhu yesifuba) ukuze isuswe.
- Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokuba yimfuneko, ingakumbi ukuba umoya uzalisa rhoqo okanye kukho ezinye iingxaki.
- Unyango lomhlaza: Ukuba imeko ingumhlaza, unyango oluthile olufana nonyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy luyacetyiswa.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina i-pleura yethu isempilweni?
Nangona singenakuzikhusela kuzo zonke izifo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya lutshaba olukhulu lwemiphunga kunye ne-pleura. Ukutshaya luyimbangela enkulu yeengxaki ezifana ne-pneumothorax.
- Zikhusele kwiingozi: Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo nanini na xa usemotweni. Sebenzisa impahla yokuzikhusela kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo xa udlala imidlalo (ingakumbi iragbi kunye nebhola ekhatywayo).
- Ziphephe izifo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Oku kunokukunceda ekukhuseleni kwiintsholongwane ezininzi zokuphefumla.
- Musa ukusebenzisa i-asbestos: Ingafumaneka kwizakhiwo ezindala ezidilizwayo nakwezinye iifektri. Kuphephe ukudibana nezinto ezinjalo.
I-pleura yakho ifana neqhawe elithuleyo lenkqubo yokuphefumla. Siyiqonda kuphela ixabiso layo xa kukho ingxaki ngayo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela nayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-pleura yi-membrane ekhuselayo enamaleko amabini ejikeleze imiphunga.
- Intlungu ebukhali esifubeni kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela zinokuba ziimpawu eziphambili zengxaki ye-pleural.
- I-pleura ingonakaliswa kukwenzakala esifubeni, usulelo, kunye nezinye izifo.
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi emva kwengozi, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuphepha ukutshaya nokuzikhusela kwiingozi kunceda kakhulu ekugcineni i-pleura isempilweni.
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