Ngaba unentlungu esifubeni engapheliyo okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla? Usenokucinga ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokuba luphawu lwemeko yempilo embi kakhulu esingazange sive ngayo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga, nongaziwayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iPleural Mesothelioma?
Ngamafutshane, i-Pleural Mesothelioma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza oluvela kwi-membrane encinci, okanye i-lining, ejikeleze imiphunga yethu kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba sethu. Olu lwelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-pleura ngokwezonyango. Lukhusela imiphunga yethu njengemvulophu.
Lo mhlaza ufumene igama lawo kwi-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-mesothelium. Le yingubo yokukhusela ejikeleze amalungu amaninzi emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, umhlaza okhula naphi na kule membrane ye-mesothelium udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-mesothelioma. Ngenxa yokuba ukhula emiphungeni, ubizwa ngokuba yi-Pleural Mesothelioma.
Isizathu esiphambili nesinxulumene ngqo noku kukuvezwa kwi- asbestos . Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba amaphepha e-asbestos ayesetyenziswa ngaphambili nakwiiphahla zezindlu kwilizwe lethu. Le asbestos luhlobo lweminerali eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo zokwakha kunye nomzi-mveliso weemoto. Xa siphefumla amasuntswana amancinci afana nefayibha akuyo, aya emaphaphu aze abekwe. Umzimba wethu awukwazi ukugaya okanye ukutshabalalisa la masuntswana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la masuntswana anokubangela ukudumba emiphungeni, ukuphazamiseka kweeseli, kwaye ekugqibeleni abe ngumhlaza.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba izinto ze-asbestos ezingaguqukiyo azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kuxa izinto ziqhekeka, ziqhekeka, kwaye zibe ngumoya njengothuli apho ingozi enkulu ivela khona ngokuphefumla ezo ngceba.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
I-World Health Organisation (WHO) yahlule lo mhlaza kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli oqala kuyo. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzima ukunyanga. Ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo onalo kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo kunye nendlela isifo sakho esiya kuqhubeka ngayo.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Epithelioid Mesothelioma | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo (phakathi kwama-60% nama-80% azo zonke izigulana). Lulula kakhulu ukunyanga xa luthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo ezimbini. |
| I-Mesothelioma yeSarcomatoid | Olu lolona hlobo lunqabileyo (malunga ne-10% yazo zonke izigulana). Olu hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzima ukunyanga. |
| I-Biphasic Mesothelioma | Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga (phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-15%). Lunomxube weentlobo zombini zeeseli ezingentla. |
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zesi sifo?
Enye yezona zinto ziyingozi ngesi sifo kukuba iimpawu zibonakala kancinci kakhulu. Kungathatha iminyaka eli-15, engama-20, okanye engama-50 emva kokudibana ne-asbestos ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Iimpawu zokuqala zincinci njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abazinaki. Ngenxa yoko, xa bebona ugqirha, umhlaza usenokuba sele uqhubele phambili kakhulu.
Iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili zezi:
- Intlungu yesifuba engapheliyo
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo)
Ukongeza koku, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubonwa:
- Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nokurhawuzelela
- Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia)
- Intlungu esezantsi komqolo
- Ukudumba kobuso nezandla
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ukubila ebusuku
- Ukudinwa rhoqo
- Umkhuhlane oqala ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Abantu abaninzi abafumana esi sifo bachaphazeleka yi-asbestos iminyaka ngemisebenzi yabo. Cinga ngomdlali we-bass wangaphambili. Wayesebenza kwiindawo zokwakha nasekwakheni iinqanawa iminyaka. Waqala ukuba neempawu xa wayeneminyaka engama-65 okanye engama-70 ubudala.
Imisebenzi esengozini kakhulu yile:
- Abasebenzi bokwakha kunye nabasebenzi bomzi-mveliso
- Abasebenzi bokwakha iinqanawa nabalungisa (ingakumbi abo babesebenza kwi-navy)
- Abantu abachitha izakhiwo ezindala
- Abakhandi beemoto kunye nabasebenzi boololiwe
- Abavelisi kunye nabafaki bezinto zokuvala ubushushu
- Abacimi-mlilo
- Abalungisi bemibhobho
- Abasebenzi basezimayini
Ayipheleli nje apha, usenokuba sengozini:
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho owenza olu hlobo lomsebenzi, la masuntswana e-asbestos angangena endlwini kwiimpahla nezihlangu zakhe.
- Ukuba uhlala kufutshane nomgodi we-asbestos, okanye kufutshane nendawo apho kuchithwa khona izakhiwo ezindala ezine-asbestos.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Xa uxelela ugqirha wakho ngeempawu zakho, uza kukuhlola, akubuze ngomsebenzi wakho, indawo okuyo, njl.njl. ukuze abone ukuba unazo na izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko. Emva koko, banokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Kuza kuqala kwenziwe i -X-ray yesifuba . Oku kunokukhangela izinto ezinje ngokutyeba kwengqiniba yemiphunga, i-pleural effusion, njl. Ukongeza , kungenziwa i-CT scan, i-MRI scan , okanye i-PET scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza uphi na nokuba usasazeke na.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zinokujonga amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto ezithile ezinxulumene nalo mhlaza (ezifana ne-fibulin-3 kunye neepeptides ezinxulumene ne-mesothelin ezinyibilikayo) egazini.
- I-Thoracentesis: Oku kuquka ukususa ulwelo (ulwelo) oluqokelelene emiphungeni yakho ngesirinji uze uluvavanye ukuba alunazo na iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuqina kwesifuba kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.
- I-Biopsy: Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nge-100% yexesha. Kule meko, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwi-membrane yemiphunga lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana ne -bronchoscopy, i-thoracoscopy , okanye utyando lwe-video-assisted thoracic (VATS) .
Ahlelwa njani amanqanaba omhlaza?
Njengayo nayiphi na imhlaza, kukho izigaba. Isigaba simiselwa kukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kugqirha wakho ukuze acwangcise unyango lwakho.
- Inqanaba loku-1: Umhlaza ukwimiphunga kuphela (i-pleura). Kweli nqanaba, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuzama ukususa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo.
- Inqanaba lesi-2: Umhlaza usasazeke kancinci ngaphaya komphunga, kodwa usasondele apho waqala khona.
- Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho zomzimba ezikufutshane nakwii-lymph nodes.
- Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezikude (ezifana nesibindi, amathambo, okanye ubuchopho). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -metastasized .
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
I-Pleural mesothelioma ngumhlaza onzima ukuwunyanga kuba unokusasazeka lula ngemithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye nezicubu. Ke ngoko, iingcali zomhlaza zihlala zicebisa indibaniselwano yonyango.
- Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa kwizigaba zokuqala zomhlaza. Utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) lususa imiphunga kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-pleurectomy ene-decortication (P/D) lususa kuphela ulwelo lwemiphunga kunye nethumba ngaphandle kokususa yonke imiphunga.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kungenziwa kunye notyando okanye i-chemotherapy. Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu (ezifana neentlungu zesifuba).
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. I-Pemetrexed, i-carboplatin , kunye ne -cisplatin zezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Le yindlela entsha yonyango esebenza ngokuqinisa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, inceda ukuba iqaphele kwaye ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Lokuthomalalisa Umhlaza: Injongo yoku ayikokunyanga umhlaza. Endaweni yoko, kukulawula iimpawu zesigulana (iintlungu, ubunzima bokuphefumla), ukwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula, kunye nokubonelela ngesiqabu.
- Uvavanyo lweKlinikhi: Ezi zizifundo ezivavanya unyango lwamva nje kunye namayeza. Usenokuba nethuba lokufumana unyango lwamva nje, olufana nomxube wamayeza amatsha e-chemotherapy kunye ne-immunotherapy, unyango lwe-gene , kunye nonyango lwe-photodynamic .
Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, olu nyango lunokukunceda wandise ubomi bakho, ulawule iimpawu zakho, kwaye uphile ubomi obutofotofo ngakumbi.
Ungayithintela njani le nto? Kwaye kufuneka uye kugqirha nini?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-Pleural Mesothelioma kukuphepha ukuphefumla amasuntswana e-asbestos emoyeni. Ngoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos kuye kwathintelwa naseSri Lanka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zisafumaneka kwizindlu nakwizakhiwo ezineminyaka engaphezu kwama-20-30 ubudala.
- Ukuba uhlaziya indlu endala, ingakumbi ukuba utshintsha izinto ezifana nophahla okanye isilingi, cela umntu onolwazi ukuba ayihlole ukuba ayinayo na i-asbestos.
- Ukuba ususa i-asbestos, nikela lo msebenzi kwinkampani eqeqeshelwe loo msebenzi.
- Ukuba usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi, soloko unxiba iimaski zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo kunye nempahla . Kuphephe ukuzisa ezo zinto ekhaya kwiimpahla zakho.
Ukuba unembali yokuchaphazeleka yi-asbestos kwaye ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:
- Intlungu yomqolo okanye yesifuba
- Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okanye ukurhawuzelela
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuginya
- Ukudumba kobuso
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
Buza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto:
- Luhlobo luni lwe-Pleural Mesothelioma endinalo?
- Ndikwinqanaba elingakanani lomhlaza?
- Loluphi unyango olungcono kum?
- Ngaba olu nyango luza kwandisa ubomi bam? Ngaba luza kunciphisa iimpawu zam?
- Ungayilawula njani imiphumo emibi yonyango?
- Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi endinokuthi ndithathe inxaxheba kuzo?
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Pleural mesothelioma ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga okhula kwimiphunga. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuphefumla amasuntswana e-asbestos.
- Iimpawu (iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla) zingathatha iminyaka ukuba zivele, ngoko ke ungazihoyi.
- Ukuba unembali yokuchatshazelwa yi-asbestos (ingakumbi kwimisebenzi efana nokwakha okanye iimoto) kwaye ufumana ezi mpawu zingasentla, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, utyando, unyango lwemitha, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango olutsha lunokulawula iimpawu kwaye lwandise ubomi.
- Ukuthintela yeyona nto ilungileyo. Zikhusele kuthuli lwe-asbestos kangangoko unako.
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