Khawuthelekelele ukuba une-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ngesizathu esithile, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuqina kwesifuba. Xa ufumana ingxelo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ubona ukuba ithi kukho 'i-pulmonary nodule'. Kuqhelekile ukuziva uloyiko ngequbuliso. "Owu Thixo wam, ingaba lo ngumhlaza?" Umbuzo uvela engqondweni yakho. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene yinto omele uyoyike? Uninzi lwexesha, akunjalo. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Yintoni iqhubu lemiphunga?
Ngamafutshane, iqhuqhuva lemiphunga sisiqwenga esincinci esingqukuva okanye esimile okweqanda ngaphakathi kwizicubu zakho zemiphunga esibonakala sahlukile kwizicubu zemiphunga eziqhelekileyo kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT scan. Ezi zihlala zincinci ngobukhulu.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba woyike xa ubona into efana nale kwingxelo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba ngaphezulu kwama-95% ala mabala okanye amaqhuma awangomhlaza ('anobungozi'). Oko kuthetha ukuba awanabungozi kwaye awasasazeki kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Usenokuba ukhe walibona igama elithi `ground glass opacity` kwingxelo yakho. Uyazi ukuba ugqirha uthetha ukuthini ngaloo nto? Kuthetha ukuba la mabala mancinci kangangokuba awukwazi ukubona izicubu zemiphunga ezingaphantsi kwawo, njengokubheka ngeglasi etshayiweyo. Amanye amabala aqinile ngokupheleleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukubona nantoni na ngaphantsi. Amanye amabala anokuba yindibaniselwano yazo zombini. Oku kubonakala kunceda ugqirha ukuba afumane umbono wohlobo lweqhubu.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Kwaye ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu?
Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Enyanisweni, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu abafumana i-CT scan yemiphunga yabo baya kuba nale ndawo incinci kwingxelo yabo. Ngoko ke unokucinga ukuba oku kuqheleke kangakanani.
Xa kufikwa kwiimpawu, uninzi lwexesha la maqhuqhuva amancinci awabangeli zimpawu. Ungafumanisa ukuba unayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa ngesinye isizathu. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile, ukuba iqhuqhuva liyakhula, okanye ukuba likufutshane nendlela yomoya kwaye licinezelwe kuyo, okanye ukuba linesifo somhlaza, unokufumana ezinye iimpawu.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iintlungu zesifuba | Intlungu, ingakumbi xa uphefumla nzulu okanye ukhohlela. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) | Ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ukuphefumla kancinci nokuba usebenzisa amandla amancinci. Kusenokubakho isandi sokuphefumla esiphuma esifubeni. |
| Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo | Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okuhlala iiveki, ngamanye amaxesha igazi liphuma kwi-mucus. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukwehla kobunzima obungachazekiyo, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, izifo zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo ezifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezibangelwa sisimila semiphunga. Kodwa ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho.
Kutheni amabala anje ebumbeka emiphungeni?
Zininzi izizathu zoku. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili.
- Amanxeba avela kwiintsholongwane ezindala: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Usenokuba nosulelo lwangaphambili, njengosulelo lwefungus okanye isifo sephepha, oluye lwaphola lwaza lwashiya iqhubu elincinci elifana nenxeba (i-granuloma) emiphungeni yakho. Ezi azinabungozi kwaphela. Kufana nesilonda esincinci esishiyekileyo xa inxeba lesikhumba liphola.
- Iithumba ezingengomhlaza: Iithumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza nezingenabungozi nazo zinokukhula emiphungeni. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-hamartoma kunye nee-lipomas.
- Izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ezi ntlobo zamaqhuqhuva zinokubangelwa zizifo ezitshintsha ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-sarcoidosis.
- Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga (`iFibrosis`): Izinto ezibangela ukutshaya, ukuphefumla iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, okanye uthuli zingonakalisa imiphunga kwaye zibangele amanxeba. Oku kunokubonakala njengamaqhuma.
- Izimila ezinomhlaza:Ewe, kunqabile ukuba eli qhuma libe sisiqalo somhlaza. Umhlaza wemiphunga (`umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci`,` umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci`) ungaqala ngolu hlobo. Kwakhona, amaqhuma anje anokubonwa xa umhlaza ovela kwenye indawo yomzimba usasazeka uye emiphungeni (`i-metastasis`).
Uza kwenza ntoni ugqirha emva koko?
Xa ugqirha wakho ebona iqhuma elinje kwingxelo yakho, uza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, kuquka imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango, ubudala bakho, nokuba uyatshaya na, nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza. Uza kuqwalasela ngokukodwa ubungakanani, imilo (imiphetho egudileyo okanye erhabaxa), kunye nembonakalo yeqhuma njengoko kubonwe kwiskeni.
Ngaba ungayibona ukuba lo ngumhlaza kwi-CT scan?
Impendulo ethe ngqo kule nto nguhayi. Awunakwazi ukubona ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo ngokujonga nje kwi-CT scan. Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza kukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci leqhubu uze ulihlole nge-biopsy.
Nangona kunjalo, i-CT scan inika ugqirha ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo.
- Ubungakanani: Amaqhuma angaphantsi kwe-0.6 centimeters (6 millimeters) anobungozi obuphantsi kakhulu bokuba nomhlaza.
- Imilo: Amaqhuma anemiphetho egudileyo nengqukuva anokuba yingozi. Amaqhuma anemiphetho erhabaxa, egobileyo, nengangqalanga abangela ingxaki.
Kufuneka nini i-biopsy?
Ugqirha wakho unokuthi akucebise ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba iqhuma likhulu kuneemilimitha ezili-9 ngobukhulu.
- Ukuba iqhuma liya likhula kancinci kancinci xa kuskenwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuba unezinye izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga.
| Izinto Ezibangela Umngcipheko Womhlaza Wemiphunga | |
|---|---|
| Ukutshaya | Ukuba utshaya ngoku okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili. |
| Ubudala | Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza ngaphambili. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Emva kokufumana unyango lwemitha kwindawo yesifuba, ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos okanye i-radon. |
Zininzi iindlela zokwenza i-biopsy. Ezinye zazo yi-Bronchoscopy, i-VATS (utyando lwesifuba oluncediswa yividiyo), okanye i-needle biopsy. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Uninzi lwexesha, amaqhuma amancinci angengomhlaza awadingi naluphi na unyango. Ugqirha wakho uhlala esenza oko kubizwa ngokuba "kukugada okusebenzayo." Oko kuthetha ukulinda ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Uza kucelwa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo lwe-CT kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 okanye ezili-12. Oku kuza kujonga ukuba ubungakanani beqhuma butshintshile na. Ukuba iqhuma lihlala lilingana ngobukhulu okanye linciphile kwi-scan kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, amathuba okuba libe nomhlaza aphantse abe zero.
- Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo: Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba iqhuma libangelwe lusulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane.
- Ukuba iqhuma liyakhula: Ukuba iqhuma liyakhula ngexesha lokujonga, ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, okanye ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba inomhlaza, iqhuma linokufuneka lisuswe ngotyando.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba iskeni sakho sixela ukuba kukho iqhubu lemiphunga, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze athethe nawe ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onokuba unayo. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu esizixubushe ngaphambili, ezinje ngeentlungu zesifuba, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba ngequbuliso ubonakala uneempawu ezinzima ezifana nezi, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.
- Intlungu yesifuba enzima, enganyamezelekiyo
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.
- Ukopha kakhulu xa ukhohlela
Okokugqibela, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:
- Ingaba yintoni enokubangela ukuba ndibe nale qhuma?
- Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo?
- Ziziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizixhalabele ngakumbi?
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Indawo encinci okanye iqhuma emiphungeni (i-pulmonary nodule) yinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwiingxelo zeskeni.
- Ngaphezulu kwama-95% ezi azizozifo zomhlaza. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika xa ubona ingxelo.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kunye neempawu zeqhubu aze agqibe ngento aza kuyenza ngokulandelayo.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, into efunekayo asikonyango, kodwa kukujonga iqhuma ngokuskena ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza ukuze ulondoloze impilo yemiphunga yakho kukuyeka ukutshaya.
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