Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga neethumba ze-lung carcinoid

Ngaba ukhe wakhwehlela okwethutyana? Mhlawumbi kuhamba ne-phlegm? Okanye uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo? Sihlala sizilibala ezi zinto, sicinga ukuba zingumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo. Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, kunokubakho enye into engasemva kwempawu encinci kangaka ekufuneka siyinike ingqalelo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko engaqhelekanga kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yomhlaza emiphungeni. Leyo yiLung Carcinoid Tumors.

Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zifo ze-lung carcinoid?

Oku kufuna ingcaciso encinci. Kukho uhlobo oluthile lweseli emzimbeni wethu olukwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nenkqubo yehomoni. Ezi seli sizibiza ngokuba zii-neuroendocrine cells. Cinga ngezi seli njengeziququzeleli emzimbeni wethu. Xa umyalezo uvela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, umsebenzi wazo kukuvelisa iihomoni ezisabela kuwo kunye nokulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Umzekelo, ezi seli zinceda ukulawula indlela umoya wethu ongena ngayo emiphungeni kunye nendlela ukutya okuhamba ngayo kwindlela yokugaya ukutya.

Ngoko ke, ngesizathu esithile, xa ezi seli ze-neuroendocrine ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngokungalawulekiyo, ii-tumor ziyavela kwezo ndawo. Sibiza ii-lung carcinoid tumors ngokuba zi-cancer tumors eziqala kwezi seli ze-neuroendocrine emiphungeni.

Kodwa ungoyiki xa usiva igama elithi "umhlaza." Kuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi tumors ze-carcinoid. Ezi zimbini ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-cassinoid cysts

Zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekwe kwisantya sokukhula kwazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukusasazeka.

Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zale meko?

Uninzi lwexesha, ingakumbi kubantu abane-cysts eziqhelekileyo, azikho iimpawu . Zifumaneka ngengozi, ngokungathi zithathwe kwi-X-ray yesifuba ngesinye isizathu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo (ngamanye amaxesha kunye negazi okanye i-mucus)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Ukuva isandi esincinci 'sokutshaya umlozi' xa uphefumla (uphefumula)

Imeko ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiCarcinoid Syndrome

Kunqabile kakhulu, la mathumba aqala ukuvelisa i-hormone serotonin eninzi. Oku kunokubangela ukungalingani kwama-hormone emzimbeni, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoid syndrome . Iimpawu zayo ziquka:

• Urhudo oluqatha
• Ubomvu okanye ukuziva ufudumele ebusweni nasentanyeni (ukuhlanjwa)
• Ukunyuka kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye iimpawu ezifana ne-asthma

Ukuba ezi mpawu zikhona, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni iithumba zifana nolu hlobo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko?

Enyanisweni, isizathu sokuba ezi seli ze-neuroendocrine ziqale ukwahlukana ngequbuliso asikafunyanwa .

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bafunyenwe besengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko. Ezi zinto ziquka:

• Ukuba nesifo esingaqhelekanga, esizuzwe njengelifa esibizwa ngokuba yiMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
• Ukutshaya (ingakumbi kubantu abangaqhelekanga)
• Ukuba ngumfazi (abafazi banamathuba amancinci okuba nale meko)
• Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-55 ubudala. Nangona esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abakweli qela leminyaka, esi sifo sinokwenzeka nakubani na ubudala, nokuba ngabantwana abancinci kakhulu.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha wakho. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, kwaye, ukuba uyathandabuza, acebise ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

1. Ukuthatha imifanekiso: Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba . Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezifumanekayo, i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) ingayalelwa. I-CT scan ingavelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yemiphunga, evumela ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba ukuba ifunyanwe.

2. Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iihomoni ezithile eziveliswa zezi thumba zikhona na egazini okanye emchameni.

3. I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa isifo nge-100%. Apha, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwithumba lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kunokumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ithumba liyi-carcinoid tumor, eqhelekileyo okanye engaqhelekanga. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswayo ukufumana le sampuli yesicubu yi -bronchoscopy . Apha, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci idluliselwa kwiindlela zomoya ukuze kuhlolwe ithumba kwaye kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?

Unyango olungcono kuwe luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, ubungakanani, indawo yethumba, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lweethumba ze-carcinoid zemiphunga zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando lodwa.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

• Utyando:
• I-Lobectomy: Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-lobe yomphunga apho i-tumor ikhona khona.
• Ukususwa kwe-Wedge Resection: Ukususwa kwethumba kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu ezijikeleze lona.
• Ukususwa kwePneumonectomy: Kunqabile kakhulu, umphunga wonke unokufuneka ususwe.
• Ukususwa kwe-lymph node: Ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni asuse i-lymph node ezikufutshane ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kwaye athintele ukusasazeka okungakumbi.

• Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lunikwa ukuba utyando alukwazi ukususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba okanye ukuba isigulana sikwimeko yempilo eyenza utyando lungenzeki. Lubandakanya imitha yangaphandle okanye ukubekwa kwezinto ezincinci ezinemitha kufutshane nethumba (brachytherapy).

• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:Ngenxa yokuba ezi thumba zikhula kancinci, i-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo, ejolise kwiiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, olu nyango alunikwa rhoqo kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lunokuba yimfuneko kwiintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula ngokukhawuleza okanye xa zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Amanye amayeza:
• I-Octreotide: Eli yeza lehomoni linikwa ukulawula iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-carcinoid syndrome.
• Izithinteli ze-MTOR (umz. i-Everolimus): Uhlobo lweyeza elithintela ukukhula kwethumba.

Ingakanani izinga lokuchacha kunye nembono?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi.

Ii-tumor ze-carcinoid ezingaqhelekanga zinzima ngakumbi ukuzinyanga. Umngcipheko wokubuyela kwakhona uphezulu kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango olwahlukeneyo.

Lilonke, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kuzo zonke iintlobo zee-lung carcinoid tumors liphezulu kakhulu ngama-89% . Oku kuthetha ukuba kubantu abali-100 abafunyaniswe benale sifo, abangama-89 basaphilile emva kweminyaka emi-5.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu, ingakumbi ukuphefumla kancinci, urhudo, okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, yazisa ugqirha wakho. Musa ukuthandabuza ukuthetha ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo.

Ixesha lokuya kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko

Ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo eziqatha, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo (nokuba uphumle).
• Ukukhohlela igazi.
• Intlungu yesifuba entsha okanye eyandayo.
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha ingqondo.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis).

Imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo xa ufumana uxilongo olunje. Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba oku kuqhelekile okanye akuvamile?
• Ingaba oku kusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Iyintoni imbonakalo yolu hlobo lwethumba?
• Indlela yokulawula iimpawu ekhaya?

Ukufumana ukuxilongwa komhlaza ngamava anzima. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwee-carcinoids zemiphunga ziyanyangeka kakhulu kwaye zinomngcipheko omncinci wokuphinda zivele. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo neqela lakho lezonyango malunga nento onokuyilindela kwimeko yakho. Baza kukuchazela ezona ndlela zonyango zilungileyo kwaye baphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo.