Ngaba unentlungu esifubeni engapheliyo okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla? Usenokuba wawukhe wachaphazeleka yi-asbestos emsebenzini usemncinci. Namhlanje sithetha ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga kodwa onzima kakhulu onokuvela kwiminyaka kamva ngenxa yokubonakaliswa okunjalo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Pleural Mesothelioma ngokwezonyango. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi, masiligcine lilula.
Yintoni kanye kanye iPleural Mesothelioma?
Ngamafutshane, kukho inwebu encinci, efana nesigqubuthelo, ejikeleze udonga lwangaphakathi lwemiphunga yethu kunye nomgodi wesifuba. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-pleura kumayeza. Le nwebu yenziwe ngohlobo oluthile lweseli ebizwa ngokuba yi-mesothelium . Ngoko ke xa umhlaza uvela kwezi seli ze-mesothelium, ubizwa ngokuba yi -Pleural Mesothelioma (okanye i-malignant pleural mesothelioma).
Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yoku kukuvezwa kwiminerali ebizwa ngokuba yi-asbestos . Usenokuba uyazi ukuba ngaphambili, amaphepha e-asbestos ayesetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ingakumbi uphahla. Xa le asbestos ibola, iqhekeka, okanye isetyenzwa, amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu, angabonakaliyo akhululwa emoyeni. Xa la masuntswana ephefumlwa, aya emaphashini aze ahlale. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba umzimba wethu awukwazi ukunyibilikisa okanye ukususa la masuntswana. Ngoko ke ngokuhamba kweminyaka, onakalisa ii-membrane ezijikeleze imiphunga, zibangele ukudumba, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziguqule iiseli kwaye zizenze zibe ngumhlaza.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
Ewe, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) yahlule lo mhlaza kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweeseli zomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zikhula kancinci. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Epithelioid Mesothelioma | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo (malunga ne-60% - 80%). Kulula kancinci ukulunyanga kunezinye iintlobo. |
| I-Mesothelioma yeSarcomatoid | Olu lolona hlobo lunqabileyo (malunga ne-10%). Lukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukulinyanga. |
| I-Biphasic Mesothelioma | Olu nalo luhlobo olungaqhelekanga (malunga ne-10% - 15%). Lunomxube weeseli ezivela kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo zingasentla. |
Nje ukuba ugqirha wakho agqibe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo onaso, uya kukwazi ukukunika umbono olungileyo wokuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo kunye nokuba ikamva liza kuba njani.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Ingxaki enye ngale nto kukuba iimpawu zibonakala kancinci kakhulu . Kungathatha iminyaka engama-20, engama-30, okanye engama-50 emva kokuba umntu echaphazeleke yi-asbestos ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Iimpawu zokuqala zifana nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye esinye isifo esincinci, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abazinaki kangako. Kuphela xa isifo sinzima kancinci apho baya khona ukuya kugqirha.
Iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili zezi:
- Intlungu yesifuba engapheliyo
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo)
Ukongeza, unokubona ezi mpawu:
- Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nokurhawuzelela
- Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia)
- Intlungu esezantsi komqolo
- Ukudumba kobuso nezandla
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ukubila ebusuku
- Ukudinwa
- Umkhuhlane okwenza uzive ubuthathaka
Ngaba kukho ezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwe-asbestos?
Ukuvezwa yi-asbestos yimbangela ye-70% yamatyala afunyanisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, abantu abangakhange bavezwe kwi-asbestos nabo banokuba nalo mhlaza. Izazinzulu zisaphanda oku. Ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho zezi:
- Ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesifuba ngaphambili.
- Utshintsho lwemfuza oluzuzwa njengelifa (umzekelo, ukungabikho kwe-gene BAP1).
- Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-carbon nanotubes (ngoku ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezifana nezithuthi kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo).
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho mngcipheko wokuba amashiti e-asbestos afakwe eluphahleni. Umngcipheko uvela kuphela xa izinto ziqhekeka, zibola, okanye zisusiwe, zikhupha amasuntswana amancinci emoyeni.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Esi sifo sidla ngokuvela kubantu abaye bachaphazeleka yi-asbestos kangangeminyaka ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo. Uninzi lwaba bantu ngoku bathathe umhlala-phantsi (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala). Babesebenza kwimisebenzi enxulumene ne-asbestos besebancinci, ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe imithetho malunga neengozi ze-asbestos.
KwanaseSri Lanka, abo benza imisebenzi enjalo basengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abenza umsebenzi wokwakha nowokudiliza izakhiwo
- Abantu abasebenza kwiindawo zokulungisa iinqanawa
- Abantu abasebenza kwiigaraji nakwiifektri
- Abavelisi kunye nabafaki bezinto zokukhusela ubushushu
- Abacimi-mlilo
- Abalungisi bemibhobho
- Abasebenzi basezimayini
Ukwengeza,
- Abantu abahlala endlwini enye nomntu osebenzisa i-asbestos nabo basengozini, kuba ezo ngceba zinokungena endlwini zivela kwiimpahla nezihlangu zabo.
- Abantu abahlala kufutshane nomgodi we-asbestos okanye apho kuchithwa khona izakhiwo ezindala ezine-asbestos nabo basengozini.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uya kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, ingakumbi malunga nomsebenzi wakho kunye nokuba usenokuba sesichengeni se-asbestos. Emva koko, banokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana nezi:
- Uvavanyo lokufota: I-X-ray yesifuba inokujonga utshintsho kwimiphunga, ukuqina kwe-pleura, okanye ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion). Ukongeza, i -MRI, i-CT scan, okanye i-PET scan inokuyalelwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iphi na ithumba kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zikhangela amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto ezithile ezinxulumene nalo mhlaza (ezifana ne-fibulin-3 kunye neepeptides ezinxulumene ne-mesothelin ezinyibilikayo) egazini.
- I-Thoracentesis: Oku kuquka ukususa isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga kunye nokuvavanya iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuqina kwesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
- Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy:
Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolubalulekileyo. Eyona ndlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba une-mesothelioma kukwenza i-biopsy. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esijikeleze imiphunga uze usihlole phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo.
Zithini izigaba zomhlaza?
Njengayo nayiphi na umhlaza, wahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba 1 ukuya ku-4 ngokuxhomekeke ekusasazekeni kwesifo. Unyango lucwangcisiwe ngokweli nqanaba.
| Iqonga | Imeko |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Umhlaza uxhomekeke kwi-membrane ejikeleze imiphunga (pleura). Ngeli xesha, utyando lunokuzama ukususa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. |
| Inqanaba lesi-2 | Umhlaza usasazeke kancinci ngaphaya kwepleura, kodwa usasondele apho waqala khona. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho zomzimba ezikufutshane nakwii-lymph nodes. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | Umhlaza usasazeke (usususwe kwi-metastasized) uye kwizitho ezikude (ezifana nesibindi, amathambo). |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
I-Pleural mesothelioma ngumhlaza onzima ukuwunyanga kuba unokusasazeka lula ngemithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye nezicubu. Ke ngoko, oogqirha be-oncology badla ngokuceba unyango besebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango.
- Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukususa yonke imiphunga enomhlaza (i-extrapleural pneumonectomy - EPP) okanye ukususa kuphela izicubu zomhlaza kunye ne-pleura (i-pleurectomy ene-decortication - P/D).
- Unyango lweMisebe: Olu lusetyenziso lwemitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli eziseleyo emva kotyando okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu (ezifana neentlungu zesifuba).
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. I-Pemetrexed, i-carboplatin, kunye ne-cisplatin zezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Le yindlela entsha yonyango evuselela amajoni ethu omzimba ukuba abone kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Lokuthomalalisa Umhlaza: Injongo asikokunyanga umhlaza. Endaweni yoko, kukulawula iimpawu zesigulana (iintlungu, ukuphefumla kancinci) nokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube mnandi kwaye bungabi nantlungu kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Ezi zizifundo ezivavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya unyango olutsha, olufana nonyango lwezakhi zofuzo. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungathabatha inxaxheba na kolunye lwale zilingo.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokuphepha esi sifo?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuthintela i-pleural mesothelioma kukuphepha ukuphefumla amasuntswana e-asbestos. Nangona amazwe amaninzi ngoku ethintele ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos, isenokuba ikhona kwizakhiwo ezindala nakwizithuthi ezakhiwe ngaphambi kowama-1980. Ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:
- Ukuba une-asbestos endala ekhayeni lakho, yicele ihlolwe yingcali enolwazi ngaphambi kokuba uyilungise.
- Ukuba ususa i-asbestos, nikela lo msebenzi kwinkampani eqeqeshiweyo. Ungaze uzame ukuzenzela wena.
- Ukuba ujongene ne-asbestos ngexesha lomsebenzi wakho, qiniseka ukuba unxiba impahla yokuzikhusela efanelekileyo kunye neemaski zobuso. Lumka ungathwali la maqhekeza ekhaya kwiimpahla okanye ezihlangwini zakho xa usiya ekhaya emva komsebenzi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Pleural mesothelioma ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kodwa onzima wemiphunga, obangelwa kukuphefumla amasuntswana e-asbestos.
- Iimpawu (iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla) zibonakala emva kweminyaka emininzi zingabonakali.
- Ukuba unembali yokuchaphazeleka yi-asbestos kwaye ufumana ezi mpawu zingasentla, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, utyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye nonyango lwanamhlanje lunokulawula iimpawu, lwandise ukusinda, kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha oku kukuzikhusela kuthuli lwe-asbestos.
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