Ngaba uhlala uziva unesiyezi ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngaba uziva udiniwe kakhulu? Ngaba uyarhawuzelelwa ngendlela enganyamezelekiyo, ingakumbi emva kokuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu? Ngaba uva isandi ezindlebeni zakho? Sihlala sicinga ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekile kwaye sizityeshele. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwezi mpawu zincinci, kunokubakho imeko esingazivanga kangako ngayo kwaye esifanele siyixhalabele. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinye esinjalo. Leyo yiPolycythemia Vera , okanye iPV ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-polycythemia vera (PV)?
Ngamafutshane, i-polycythemia vera (PV) sisifo segazi emizimbeni yethu. Sibangela ukuba imizimba yethu ivelise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi kakhulu . Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zilungile emzimbeni, ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni xa sivelisa ezininzi kakhulu?" Yiloo ngxaki.
Khawucinge ukuba kukho indlela enokuthwala inani elithile lezithuthi. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ubeka izithuthi ezingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kaliwaka kuloo ndlela kunokuba zinokuthwala? Lonke umgaqo uza kuvalwa, kwaye izithuthi azikwazi ukuhamba, akunjalo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Xa kukho iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezininzi kakhulu, igazi lethu liyaqina . Njengento ekufanele ukuba ibe njalo amanzi ayaqina njengobusi.
Oku kuqina kwegazi kubangela ukuba igazi lihambe kancinci kakhulu. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi . Ukuba eli hlwili legazi liya entliziyweni, linokubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kwaye ukuba liya engqondweni, linokubangela isifo sohlangothi. Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa linokubangela neempawu ezicaphukisayo ezifana nokurhawuzelela rhoqo, ukukhala ezindlebeni, iintlungu zesisu, ukopha empumlweni, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le yimeko engapheliyo, ehlala ixesha elide kwaye ayinakuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungazilawula ezi mpawu, unciphise iingozi zakho, kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Ingaba lo ngumhlaza ngenene? Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabe?
Lo mbuzo yinto abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ewe, i-polycythemia vera luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi. Ngokwezonyango, siyibiza ngokuba yiMyeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) .
Ngoku, xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," siyoyika kakhulu. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezifanayo. Ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinobundlongondlongo. Kodwa i-PV luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kancinci . Oko kuthetha ukuba alubi nobundlongondlongo ngaxeshanye. Uninzi lwexesha, esi sifo sifunyanwa emva kweminyaka engama-60.
Endaweni yokuba sife ngenxa yesi sifo ngokwaso, umngcipheko mkhulu ngenxa yeengxaki ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi, esixoxe ngako ngaphambili. Kwakhona, kunqabile kakhulu, le meko ingaguquka ibe lolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubi. Kodwa oko kwenzeka kwipesenti encinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke, nangona ibizwa ngokuba "ngumhlaza," le yimeko enokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
Esi sifo siyichaphazela njani imizimba yethu kwaye zithini iingozi zaso?
Masibone ngoku ukuba oku kwanda kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuchaphazela njani iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu.
- Ukujiya kwegazi: Le yeyona ngxaki iphambili. Xa igazi lijiya, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Kwakhona, ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yomzimba ethambileyo kuyancipha. Oku kuthetha ukuba amalungu ethu kunye nezicubu zethu zifumana ioksijini encinci .
- Ukusebenza kakhulu kwe-spleen: Omnye wemisebenzi yesitho somzimba wethu esibizwa ngokuba yi-spleen kukucoca iiseli zegazi ezindala, ezonakeleyo. Ngoku, xa kuveliswa iiseli ezibomvu ezininzi kangaka, i-spleen iyagcwala kakhulu. Kufana nokuzama ukucoca ukungcola okuninzi ngesihluzo esinye kwaye iyavaleka. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-spleen idumbe. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-spleen . Emva koko ungaziva ubunzima kunye nentlungu kwicala lasekhohlo lesisu sakho.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi iingozi eziphambili kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho kule meko ye-PV.
| Umngcipheko/Ingxaki | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Amahlwili egazi | Le yeyona ngozi iphambili neyona ikhawulezileyo . Ukuba ihlwili legazi liya engqondweni, lingabangela isifo sohlangothi, ukuba liya entliziyweni, lingabangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kwaye ukuba libambeke emiphungeni, linokubangela i-pulmonary embolism. |
| Iimeko Zesibini | Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka kakhulu , amanqanaba e-uric acid emzimbeni ayanda. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zamalungu ezifana ne-gout kunye namatye ezintso. Kunokunyusa i-asidi yesisu kwaye kubangele izilonda zesisu. |
| Utshintsho lube zezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi | Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Kwabanye abantu (ipesenti encinci), ngokuhamba kwexesha le meko inokuba ngumhlaza wegazi onzima ofana ne-myelofibrosis okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). |
Ziziphi iimeko zesi sifo?
I-PV idla ngokukhula kancinci kancinci kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo.
1. I-PV yasekuqaleni: Kweli nqanaba, uninzi lwabantu alunazo iimpawu konke konke . Okanye baneempawu ezingephi, ezifana nesiyezi kunye nokudinwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ifunyanwa ngengozi xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi lwenye imeko.
2. Ukukhula kwe-PV: Iimpawu ziyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iimpawu ezinje ngokurhawuzelelwa, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokungakhululeki kwesisu ngenxa yepleen ekhulisiweyo zinokwenzeka ngeli nqanaba.
3. Inqanaba lokugqibela ("iSigaba esiSpent"): Oku kunzima ngakumbi. Emva kweminyaka emininzi, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezibangele esi sifo zisasazeka kulo lonke umongo wethu wamathambo, zonakalisa umongo wamathambo. Umongo wamathambo ufana nomzi-mveliso apho kwenziwa khona iiseli zethu zegazi. Xa lo mzi-mveliso wonakele, kuvela izicubu ezibomvu kuwo. Emva koko, iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo azinakwenziwa. Okumangalisayo kukuba, isifo esaqala ngokuveliswa kweeseli ezininzi ezibomvu zegazi ekugqibeleni sikhokelela kwimeko apho kungekho ziseli zibomvu zegazi zaneleyo, okuyi-anemia .
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokuchongwa?
Iimpawu ze-PV zihlala zikhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu banokuhlala iminyaka bengenazo iimpawu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqala ukubonakala | |
| Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo | Intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudinwa kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga. |
| Iimpawu ezithile ezinokuvela kamva | |
| Utshintsho lolusu | Ukurhawuzelela okukhulu, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokudumba kwezandla neenyawo, ingakumbi emva kokuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu . |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukubila kakhulu ebusuku, ubunzima bokuphefumla (ingakumbi xa ulele phantsi), ukopha empumlweni nokopha ezintsinini, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo. |
| Iimpawu ezenzeka kunye neengxaki | |
| I-Splenomegaly | Intlungu kwinxalenye ephezulu yasekhohlo yesisu, ukudumba, ukuziva ugcwele nasemva kokutya kancinci. |
| Ihlwili legazi (DVT) | Ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, intlungu engalweni okanye emlenzeni. |
| Igawuthi | Intlungu ebuhlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu, ingakumbi ubhontsi omkhulu. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni unobangela?
Eyona sizathu siphambili soku kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwiseli ye-stem kwi-bone marrow yethu. Kufana nomgca omnye wekhowudi kwiprogram yekhompyutha ohamba gwenxa. Emva koko yonke inkqubo iyaphela.
Kukho ii-genes ezixelela iiseli zethu zegazi ukuba zikhule. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% ezigulane ze-PV zinenguqu kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-JAK2 . Ngenxa yale miyalelo iphosakeleyo, umongo wethambo ufumana umyalelo othi, "Qhubeka usenza iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, ungayeki." Ngoko ke iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ziveliswa ngaphandle kolawulo.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, olu tshintsho lwemfuza aluqhelekanga ukufunyanwa njengelifa . Oko kukuthi, aludluliselwa kumama luye kutata. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngexesha lobomi, ngesizathu esingaziwayo.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo. Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo emithathu ukuze kufunyanwe isifo se-PV.
1. Uvavanyo lweGazi: Olu lolona vavanyo lokuqala nolubaluleke kakhulu. Lujonga ukuba inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi liphezulu kakhulu na.
- Amanqanaba aphezulu e-hemoglobin .
- Ukwanda kwe -hematocrit (ipesenti yeeseli ezibomvu egazini).
2. I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampulu encinci kakhulu yomongo wethambo kwithambo lesinqe ize ihlolwe nge-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga na kumongo wethambo.
3. Uvavanyo lwemfuza okanye amanqanaba eehomoni:
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza lwenziwa ukujonga utshintsho lwemfuza lwe-JAK2 .
- Okanye, bajonga inqanaba lehomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoietin (EPO), eveliswa zizintso. Le homoni inika umqondiso kumongo wethambo ukuba wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kwi-PV, umzimba uyeka ukuvelisa le homoni kuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyaveliswa zodwa. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba e-EPO aphantsi kakhulu.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga i-PV. Enye kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi, enye kukulawula iimpawu eziphazamisayo.
- I-Phlebotomy - Ukususwa kwegazi: Olu lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye lulula. Njengokunikela ngegazi, inani elincinci legazi (elidla ngokuba malunga nepayinti) lisuswa emzimbeni wakho ngamaxesha athile. Oku kunokunciphisa uxinano lwegazi lakho kunye nenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- I-aspirin enesilinganiselo esiphantsi: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe ipilisi ye-aspirin enesilinganiselo esiphantsi yonke imihla ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokungafaneleki ukuba uneengxaki ezifana nezilonda zesisu.
- Amayeza okunciphisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu okanye ukuba utofelo-gazi alwanelanga, kunikwe amayeza anciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-hydroxyurea kunye ne-interferon alfa .
- Unyango lokurhawuzelela: Ii-antihistamines okanye amanye amayeza athile anokumiselwa ukulawula ukurhawuzelela okukhulu.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba ufuna unyango kuphela njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
Ndingaphila njani kakuhle nesi sifo?
Wakuba wazi ukuba unesi sifo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uphile naso.
- Bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo: Yiya kwiikliniki ngexesha, wenze uvavanyo lwegazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugqirha wakho ajonge imeko yakho.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga okuphakathi kunokunceda ukugcina ukujikeleza kwegazi kulungile.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunciphisa imithambo yegazi, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ziphephe iindawo ezineoksijini ephantsi: Iindawo eziphakamileyo ezifana neentaba zineoksijini ephantsi. Ziphephe ukuya kwiindawo ezinjalo.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba obusempilweni kunokunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokunyusa ukujiya kwegazi. Ngoko ke, sela amanzi amaninzi imini yonke.
Nangona i-PV ingumhlaza, abantu abaninzi baphila kakuhle amashumi eminyaka emva kokuba befunyaniswe benale sifo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ziingxaki ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi, kunokuba ibe ngumhlaza ngokwawo. Ke ngoko, ukugcina ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo nogqirha wakho kunye nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kubaluleke njengonyango lwesi sifo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Polycythemia vera (PV) ngumhlaza wegazi okhula kancinci obangela ukuba umzimba uvelise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi kakhulu.
- Musa ukoyika igama elithi "umhlaza." Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni amashumi eminyaka.
- Eyona ngozi iphambili neyona ikhawulezileyo yesi sifo kukuqhekeka kwegazi, okubangelwa kukuqina kwegazi. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
- Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukurhawuzelela okukhulu, iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo, kunye nesiyezi emva kokuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu.
- Unyango lubandakanya ukususwa kwegazi (i-phlebotomy) ngamaxesha athile kunye namayeza okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho kwaye ufumane uvavanyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo.
- Ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni esi sifo.
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