Masifunde nge-hypertension ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ikuchaphazela njani wena nomntwana wakho?

Ukuba ungumntu olindele ukuba ngumama, mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Ingakumbi, usenokuba noloyiko malunga nezinye iimeko zempilo ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Into enye abantu abaninzi abathetha ngayo, kodwa abayaziyo ngokwenene, yi-hypertension, nto leyo ethetha ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.

Yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa? (`Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lokukhulelwa`)

Ngamafutshane, emva kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, luba phezulu kunesiqhelo, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-gestational hypertension. Le meko yenzeka kwi-6% ukuya kwi-8% yokukhulelwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokubiza ngokuba yi-pregnancy-induced hypertension. Into ekhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba idla ngokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ufumene umntwana.

Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lusanda ngeli xesha, usenokungaziboni iimpawu ezinkulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuya kwiikliniki zakho zokukhulelwa ngexesha. Emva koko ugqirha unokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo. Kuba, ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda ngale ndlela, ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka kuwe nakumntwana. Ke ngoko, ugqirha uya kukujonga ngononophelo wena nomntwana kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa aze akuncede ulawule uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.

Yintoni kanye kanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension)?

Masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye "uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu". Xa igazi lihamba ngemithambo yegazi yomzimba wakho, uxinzelelo olufakwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa olu xinzelelo luphezulu kunesiqhelo, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye "uxinzelelo oluphezulu."

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa lwahluke njani kwamanye amaxesha?

Xa ukhulelwe, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyanda, nto leyo echaphazela umzimba wakho ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunaxa ungakhulelwanga. Cinga ngako, intliziyo yakho kufuneka isebenze nzima kunesiqhelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuba kufuneka ipompe igazi elingakumbi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Oku kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo emzimbeni wakho.

Kwakhona, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokuchaphazela indlela i-placenta ekhula kwaye isebenza ngayo. I-placenta yindlela enika umntwana izondlo kunye neoksijini ayidingayo. Ngoko ke ukuba iyachaphazeleka, umntwana usenokungazifumani izondlo azidingayo ukuze akhule ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, wena nomntwana wakho nisengozini enkulu yeengxaki ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuzalwa.

Ziziphi iintlobo zoxinzelelo ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olunokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ezi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni uxinzelelo luqala nini ukunyuka kunye neempawu ezibangelwa lulo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ezibonwayo zezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungapheliyo:Oku kubhekisa kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olwalukho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, okanye olwaqala kwiiveki ezingama-20 zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Olu hlobo loxinzelelo lunokuqhubeka emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Abantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungapheliyo banokufumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Preeclampsia". Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia".
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Olu xinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu esithethe ngalo ngaphambili, oluqala ekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Abanye abantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokuba ne-preeclampsia kamva. Ukuba unale meko, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka akubone rhoqo.
• I-Preeclampsia: Le yimeko ebonakala kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa (ngesiqhelo emva kweeveki ezingama-27). Le meko ifunyaniswa xa ugqirha wakho efumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kwaye uneproteni kumchamo wakho. Inokuchaphazela isibindi sakho, izintso, imiphunga, ubuchopho kunye ne-placenta. Ukuba ichaphazela ingqondo, kukho umngcipheko wokuxhuzula (i-eclampsia).

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, 'Ingaba oku kwenzeka kuye wonke umntu? Okanye ngaba kukho abantu abasengozini enkulu?' Enyanisweni, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-hypertension yokukhulelwa okanye i-preeclampsia ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba ``ne-hypertension yokukhulelwa`` (oko kuthetha ukuba inokuba yimfuza).
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba unesifo somzimba, umzekelo, i-lupus.
• Ukuba unesifo sezintso.
• Ukuba ulindele abantwana abaninzi, njengamawele okanye amawele amathathu.
• Ukuba umnyama (ezinye izinto ezibangela ufuzo zingadlala indima).

Ingaba ``I-Gestational Hypertension`` kunye ``Preeclampsia`` zizinto ezahlukeneyo?

Ewe, ezi zimbini zahlukile kancinci. "I-Gestational Hypertension" luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluvela kwinxalenye yokugqibela yokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, aluchaphazeli izintso zakho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba awunayo iproteni kumchamo wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba le meko inokuba yi-"Preeclampsia", oogqirha baya kukujonga rhoqo.

I-Preeclampsia yimeko enzulu ngakumbi. Ikwavela nakwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa. Kule meko, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iiproteni ziqala ukubonakala kumchamo. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokonakalisa amalungu omzimba anjengezintso, isibindi, kunye nengqondo. I-Preeclampsia inokubangela iingxaki ekukhuleni komntwana kwaye inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuzalwa komntwana eswelekile.

Yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Enyanisweni, imbangela echanekileyo yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ayikafunyanwa . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeemeko kunye nezinto esizixubushileyo ngaphambili zinokunyusa lo mngcipheko.

Zithini iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo" kuba abantu abaninzi abaqondi ukuba banoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukongeza ekubeni ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu, kunokubakho nezinye iimpawu:

• Ukudumba (okubizwa ngokuba yi-edema). Ingakumbi ubuso, izandla, kunye neenyawo zinokudumba.
• Intloko ebuhlungu. Usenokuba nentloko ebuhlungu nengapheliyo.
• Ukunyuka kwesisindo ngequbuliso.
• Utshintsho embonweni (umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini, ukuva ukukhanya).
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Kuphela ngumchamo omncinci odlulayo ngexesha.
• Intlungu yesisu (ingakumbi kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu).

Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini iingozi zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iingxaki ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lukubeka emngciphekweni weengxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukuxhuzula
• Istroke
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso okwethutyana
• Iingxaki zesibindi
• Iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi

Kwakhona, ukuba une-high blood pressure, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uzale umntwana wakho nge-cesarean section (C-section).

I-hypertension yokukhulelwa ichaphazela njani umntwana wam?

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo lunokunciphisa inani legazi elifikelela kwi-placenta (indlela enika umntwana ukutya kunye neoksijini). Oku kunqongophala kwegazi kunye nezondlo kunokubangela umntwana ukuba:

• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa okanye uthintelo lokukhula ngaphakathi kwesibeleko (IUGR). Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa buxa umntwana enobunzima obungaphantsi kweekhilogram ezi-5 kunye nee-ounces ezi-8 (malunga neekhilogram ezi-2.5) ekuzalweni.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37).
• Ukuzalwa efile .
• Ukuqaliswa kokubeleka kwenzeka xa umntwana engakakhuli ngokupheleleyo (ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-39).

Kodwa khumbula, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba le meko ibonwa kwangethuba ekukhulelweni kwaye uxinzelelo lulawulwa kakuhle, umntwana osempilweni unokuzalwa. Okukhona imeko inzima, kokukhona umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu uphezulu.

Ingakanani i-blood pressure eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Kukho amanani amabini xa ulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho. Inombolo yokuqala yi-"Systolic blood pressure". Le ilinganisa uxinzelelo xa intliziyo yakho ifinyela. Inombolo yesibini yi-"Diastolic blood pressure". Le ilinganisa uxinzelelo xa intliziyo yakho iphumle phakathi kokubetha.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa ngeemilimitha ze-mercury (mmHg). Ugqirha uza kufunda uxinzelelo njengo-"120 phezu kwama-80" (120/80 mmHg), oluyi-systolic pressure phezulu kunye ne-diastolic pressure ezantsi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa ukuze wazi inqanaba lakho eliqhelekileyo loxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwikota yesibini, uxinzelelo lwegazi ludla ngokuncipha kancinci, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukubona uxinzelelo lwegazi olungapheliyo. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kune-140/90 mmHg ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okululawula. Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungaphezulu kwe-160 mmHg okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kwe-110 mmHg lunokubangela iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nestroke okanye ukuxhuzula. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukulaliswa esibhedlele ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokufuneka.

Uyibona njani i-high blood pressure ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ugqirha wakho uza kulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo xa undwendwela ikliniki yakho yangaphambi kokubeleka. Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunokutshintshatshintsha imini yonke, kwaye lunokunyuka ngenxa yezinto ezininzi.

Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwinqanaba lakho eliqhelekileyo loxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye ukuba liphezulu kunesiqhelo, ugqirha wakho unokukrokrela ukuba unexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Into yokuqala omawuyenze kukuphinda uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekliniki emva kwexesha elithile. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi alukaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokwenza olunye uvavanyo.

Ukongeza ekuthatheni amanyathelo okulinganisa uxinzelelo, ugqirha unokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Jonga umchamo wakho ukuba awunaproteni na.
• Siza kukujonga ukuba awudumbanga na.
• Yenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi nezintso kunye nezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Gestational Hypertension?

Oogqirha banyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nokuba ukhulelwe ixesha elingakanani.

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokusondeleyo aze ajonge iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukutyelela rhoqo ekliniki ukuze ajonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukuze ajonge iimpawu ze-preeclampsia. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nonyango olulandelayo:

• Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekhaya .
• Amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlele .

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, okanye ubuncinane ukuthintela ukuba lungabi mandundu kwaye lubangele iingxaki.

Kwakhona, oogqirha bayamjonga umntwana rhoqo baze benze uvavanyo rhoqo ukujonga impilo yomntwana. Ezinye zezi vavanyo zezi:

• Iskeni ye-ultrasound (`i-Ultrasound`)
• Uvavanyo olungengoxinzelelo
• Iprofayili ye-Biophysical
• I-Doppler ultrasound (oku kulinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi)
• Ukubala intshukumo yakho yosana olungekazalwa okanye ukubala ukukhaba

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, unganikwa ii-steroids ukunceda imiphunga yomntwana wakho ikhule. Ezi steroids zinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe neengxaki zokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndibeleke umntwana wam ngokukhuselekileyo, nangona uxinzelelo lwam lwegazi luphezulu?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze wandise amathuba akho okuba nomntwana okhuselekileyo nosempilweni:

• Sela amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi njengoko uyalelwe.
• Jonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo ekhaya.
• Qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iikliniki zokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, vuma ukuba impahla ifike kwangethuba.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwaye unciphise ukutya ityuwa. (Umzekelo, nciphisa ubungakanani betyuwa oyongeza ekutyeni kwakho, ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi, kunye nokutya okunezithintelo zokugcina ukutya kangangoko kunokwenzeka.)
• Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho malunga nemisebenzi kunye nokuzilolonga.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezinkulu aziyi kubakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha.

Ukuba ndine-'Gestational Hypertension', ngaba ndiza `kukhuthazwa' (ndiqaliswe ngokwenziwa)?

Mhlawumbi. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba kukhuselekile ukubelekisa umntwana wakho kwangethuba, angacebisa ukuba uqalise ukuzala (`ukuzala okubangela ukuzala`). Oku kunokwenzeka nangaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho abe neeveki ezingama-37 (okubizwa ngokuba kukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha).

Ngaba Ukuphumla Ebhedini Kuyanceda Kwi-Hypertension Yokukhulelwa?

Ewe. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa "ukuphumla ebhedini" njengonyango loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokucetyiswa ukuba uphumle kangangoko unako.

Ngaba ndiza kuqhubeka ndifumana uxinzelelo emva kokuba nomntwana?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) oluvela ngexesha lokukhulelwa ludla ngokuphela emva kokuba ukhulelwe. Nangona kunjalo, lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba ukhe waba ne-preeclampsia enzima okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lokukhulelwa, kunokufuneka uthathe amayeza iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ukhulelwe. Ukuba ukhe waba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokubeleka, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho zingadlulanga iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokubeleka.

Abantu ababene-hypertension engapheliyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa badla ngokuqhubeka benayo emva kokuba benomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunokuhlala luphezulu emva kokuba ukhulelwe, kwaye unokufuna ukuthatha amayeza okunyanga. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi emva kokukhulelwa.

Kunini apho kufuneka ndikhathazeke khona nge-Gestational Hypertension?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu , fowunela ugqirha wakho weklinikhi yangaphambi kokubeleka ngokukhawuleza:

• Intloko ebuhlungu efika ngequbuliso kwaye ingapheli nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani.
• Umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ukudumba (ingakumbi ubuso, izandla, iinyawo).
• Ukuphuma komchamo okuncinci kunesiqhelo.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho sele ekuxelele ukuba une-high blood pressure, thetha naye malunga nendlela yokulawula le meko. Banokukunceda uphephe iingxaki ezinkulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho ngenxa ye-high blood pressure.

Ngaba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokuthintelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ekubeni singazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunzima kancinci ukuluthintela. Kodwa nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa (kwaye nokuba awukhulelwanga):

• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo. (Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nemifuno engaphezulu. Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.)
• Yenza umthambo, njengokuhamba ngeenyawo, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, okanye i-yoga, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngeveki.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala ngokupheleleyo.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye ulale kakuhle.

Ukuba usengozini yokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe i-aspirin yomntwana ngosuku. Ukuqonda umngcipheko wakho wokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu nokwazi iimpawu ezilumkisayo kunokukunceda uphephe iingxaki ezinkulu ezivela kule meko.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga noxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi okanye umngcipheko wakho wokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, olubizwa ngokuba yi-"gestational hypertension," lunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba olu hlobo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ludla ngokuphela emva kokuba ufumene umntwana.

Unyango oluphambili kukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo, ukusela amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko, nokwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (njengokutya kunye nokuzilolonga). Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa kakuhle, alubangeli iingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba alulawulwa, iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuqhawuka kwe-placenta zinokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unemibuzo okanye unemibuzo malunga nokufundwa koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi okanye indlela yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukhuseleko lwakho nolomntwana wakho ongekazalwa zezona zinto zibalulekileyo!

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lokukhulelwa , uxinzelelo, i-preeclampsia, impilo yokukhulelwa, impilo yomntwana, uxinzelelo lwegazi, iingxaki zokukhulelwa