Sonke siyazi ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye "uxinzelelo." Kodwa ngaba wakha weva ngemeko apho uxinzelelo olukwimithambo yegazi ekhethekileyo esibindini sethu lunyuka khona? Kwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Portal Hypertension.' Nangona eli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, le yimeko enokuthi ichaphazele kakhulu impilo yesibindi sethu. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye iPortal Hypertension?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge into emangalisayo eyenzekayo emizimbeni yethu. Lonke igazi elinezakha-mzimba ezisuka esiswini sakho, emathunjini, nakwipleen liyaqokelelana liye esibindini ngomthambo omnye omkhulu. Lo mthambo uphambili ubizwa ngokuba yi-"portal vein." Ukuchaneka, lo ngumthombo wegazi ophambili oya esibindini.
Ngoku khawucinge ukuba kukho "i-traffic jam" enkulu ndaweni ithile kule mithambo iphambili, oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Ukuba kukho into eyonakeleyo esibindini kwaye imithambo yegazi emincinci engaphakathi kwayo ivalekile, igazi elingenayo alikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Uxinzelelo lwegazi kuloo mithambo iphambili ye-portal kunye neminye imithambo edibene nayo luyanda kakhulu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Portal Hypertension .
Xa olu xinzelelo lusanda, igazi lizama ukuhamba ngemithambo emincinci nebuthathaka. Emva koko loo mithambo (ingakumbi leyo isemzimbeni nasesiswini) iyadumba, ifane nebhaluni, kwaye inokuqhuma kwaye yophe ngokulula. Le mithambo idumbileyo siyibiza ngokuba yimithambo evuvukileyo . Le yeyona ngxaki iyingozi yesi sifo.
Zithini izizathu zale meko?
Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yePortal Hypertension yi-cirrhosis yesibindi . Ngamafutshane, i-cirrhosis yimeko apho isibindi sihlala sonakala ngesizathu esithile kwaye isibindi siba lukhuni ngenxa yamanxeba ayenzeka njengoko amanxeba ephola. Kanye njengokuba inxeba lenzeka eluswini lwethu xa inxeba liphola. Le tissue yenxeba ithintela ukuhamba kwegazi esibindini.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba isibindi singonakaliswa:
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
- Iintsholongwane ezifana neHepatitis B kunye neC.
- Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
Ngaphandle koku, le meko inokubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi kwi-portal vein, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa zizinambuzane (umz. iSchistosomiasis), kunye nezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho sizathu sithile sinokufunyanwa.
Ziziphi iimpawu zePortal Hypertension?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho zimpawu zithile kwizigaba zokuqala zesi sifo. Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa kuvela iingxaki esizixubushileyo. Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelele ukuba unesifo sesibindi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
| Iimpawu/ingxaki | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Ukopha kwamathumbu | Ukuhlanza igazi, ukuphuma umnyama, ukuqunjelwa, okanye ukuphuma igazi kunye nendle. Oku kungenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo evuvukileyo (ii-varices). Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. |
| Ii-Ascites | Isisu siyadumba ngenxa yokuqokelelana kolwelo esiswini. Abanye abantu babiza oku ngokuthi "mahodareya". |
| Ukudideka kwengqondo (i-Encephalopathy) | Ukusebenza kakubi kwesibindi kubangela ukuba iityhefu egazini ziye engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela ukudideka, ukulibala, ukozela, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. |
| Ukuncipha kweeseli zegazi | Ukuncipha kweeplatelets, ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi, kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okulula okanye ukuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezilwa nosulelo. |
Khumbula, ukuba uhlanza igazi okanye unendle emnyama, yingxamiseko leyo. Kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ngelishwa, unobangela oyintloko we-Portal Hypertension awunakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela nokulawula iingxaki, ingakumbi ukopha ngenxa ye-varices.
1. Unyango lwe-Endoskopu
Le yeyona ndlela yokuqala esetyenziswayo ukunyanga imithambo ye-varicose.
- Ukubopha: I-endoscope, ityhubhu enekhamera, ifakwa ngomlomo kwaye ibhendi encinci yerabha ibekwe ijikeleze umthambo wegazi, ivala umthambo.
- Unyango lweSclerotherapy:Oku kuquka ukufaka isisombululo sokugalela igazi emthanjeni.
2. Amayeza
- Ii-Beta-blockers: Amayeza afana nePropranolol anciphisa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi kwaye anciphisa umngcipheko wokopha.
- I-Diuretics: Ukuba isisu sizele lulwelo (ascites), la mayeza anikwa ukususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.
- I-Lactulose: Eli yeza linceda ukulawula i-encephalopathy.
3. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Yeka ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo.
- Musa ukuthatha nayiphi na imithi yokuthomalalisa iintlungu, eminye imithi, okanye iti yemifuno ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala. Amanye amayeza anokuba yingozi kwisibindi.
- Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa (i-sodium). Yitya ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
- Ukuba unengxaki yengqondo, ungacelwa ukuba unciphise ukutya okuneproteni eninzi.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezithile
Ukuba olu nyango lungentla alukwazi ukulawula ukopha okanye ukudumba kwesisu, oogqirha banokusebenzisa unyango oluntsonkothileyo. Olu lusebenza ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi.
- IINGCEBISO (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt): Olu asilotyando. Kule meko, kufakwa umbhobho omncinci (stent) ngesibindi phantsi kwesikhokelo se-X-ray, nto leyo edala indlela entsha phakathi komthambo wesango kunye nomnye umthambo ophuma esibindini. Oku kutshintsha ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimithambo. Olu lunyango oluphumeleleyo olungaphezulu kwe-90%.
- I-DSRS (Distal Splenorenal Shunt): Olu lutyando. Kule nto, umthambo we-splenic uqhagamshelwe kumthambo wezintso zasekhohlo. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye kulawula ukuhamba kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusasetyenziswa rhoqo.
- Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Esi sisisombululo kuphela kwizigulane ezinesifo sesibindi esikwinqanaba lokugqibela.
Emva konyango olunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle yakho ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kunye neentlanganiso zokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo . Iiskeni kunye novavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe ngelo xesha kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Portal Hypertension kukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimithambo yegazi yesibindi. Eyona nto ibangela oku yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cirrhosis.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokuhlanza igazi, ukuphuma indle emnyama, okanye isisu esidumbileyo, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iingxaki ezinobungozi ezifana nokopha.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo utywala, usele amayeza njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, kwaye ulandele ukutya okunetyuwa encinci.
- Musa ukoyika esi sifo kwaye uhlupheke wedwa. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho uze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neengcebiso.
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