Ngaba uyayazi i-prostate cancer? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha weva ngomhlaza weprostate ? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umhlobo okanye isalamane sithetha ngawo. Esi sisifo esichaphazela amadoda kuphela kwaye sifuna ingqalelo ethile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, wakuba uyazi ngaso, izinto ezininzi ziya kucaca. Masithethe ngaso ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula. Iprostate yindlala encinci enamadoda kuphela. Ukuchaneka, ilingana nobukhulu bewalnut encinci. Ifumaneka ngaphantsi kwesinyi, phambi kwe-anus. Ikhupha ulwelo oludibana nesidoda kwaye lunceda ukugcina isidoda siphilile ukuze sikhulelwe umntwana. Ke, xa iiseli ezikule ndlala yeprostate ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye ingalawulekiyo, siyibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza weprostate. Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu. Sinokubonwa rhoqo phakathi kwamadoda. Cinga nje, malunga ne-13 kwamadoda ayi-100 aya kuba nale meko ngaxa lithile ebomini bawo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwiimeko ezininzi inokubonwa ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke ngaphaya kwendlala yeprostate . Ukuba inyangwa kwangethuba, umhlaza unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, unokubangela nokufa. Umzekelo, eMelika kuphela, phantse abantu abangama-35,000 bayafa ngenxa yaso minyaka le.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza weprostate?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza weprostate, kusenokwenzeka ukuba luhlobo lwe-adenocarcinoma. I-Adenocarcinoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwiiseli zamadlala ezikhupha izinto, ezifana ne-prostate yakho. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umhlaza weprostate uvele kwezinye iintlobo zeeseli. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga:

• Iicarcinomas ezincinci zeseli
• Iicarcinomas zeseli zenguqu
• Iithumba ze-neuroendocrine
• IiSarcomas

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza weprostate?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umhlaza weprostate uhlala uneempawu ezimbalwa kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokungaluboni utshintsho ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, unokuqala ukubona utshintsho oluthile. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso :

• Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ebusuku .
• Umchamo obuthathaka, okanye umchamo oqala ukuqukuqela uze uyeke.
• Ukuziva intlungu okanye ukutshisa xa uchama (oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -dysuria ).
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama (oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo).
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
• Intlungu ngexesha lokukhupha isisu kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo ( ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile - ED).
• Ukubona igazi kwi-semen okanye kumchamo .
• Intlungu emqolo wakho ongezantsi, esinqeni, okanye esifubeni.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza weprostate?

Enyanisweni, iingcali azikayazi kakuhle indlela iiseli zeprostate eziba ngayo ngumhlaza. Njengayo nayiphi na imhlaza, umhlaza weprostate uqala xa iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Cinga nje, iiseli eziqhelekileyo emizimbeni yethu ziyafa emva kwexesha elithile. Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza azifi ngaloo ndlela . Endaweni yoko, ziqhubeka ziphindaphindana kwaye zenze ithumba. Njengoko ezi seli ziqhubeka zahlukana, iziqwenga zethumba zinokuqhekeka zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis). Ngethamsanqa, umhlaza weprostate uhlala ukhula kancinci . Uninzi lwexesha, ezi thumba zifunyanwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwendlala yeprostate. Ngelo xesha, umhlaza weprostate unethuba elingcono lokunyangwa.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Kukho izinto ezininzi eziphambili ezibangela umhlaza we-prostate:

• Ubudala : Lo mngcipheko uyanda njengoko ukhula. Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, unamathuba amaninzi okufunyanwa ukuba unesi sifo. Malunga nama-60% omhlaza weprostate uvela kumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
• Uhlanga kunye nohlanga : Ukuba umnyama okanye ungowomdabu waseAfrika, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimihlaza enamandla esasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye umhlaza ufunyaniswa ungekafiki kwiminyaka engama-50.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza weprostate : Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (njengotata okanye umnakwenu) ukhe waba nesi sifo, amathuba akho okuba sifumaneke ayanda kabini ukuya kathathu.
• I-Genetics : Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Lynch syndrome, okanye ukuba ufumene i-gene mutations (BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2) ezandisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.

Ezinye izifundo zichonge ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, kodwa ubungqina abukacaci. Ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka ziquka:

• Ukutshaya.
• Ukudumba kwe-prostate gland (i-prostatitis).
• Isalathisi sobunzima bomzimba (i-BMI) engaphezulu kwama-30 (oko kuthetha ukutyeba kakhulu).
• Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (iiSTI).
• Ukuvezwa kwi-Agent Orange (ikhemikhali esetyenziswa ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam).

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuxilonga umhlaza weprostate. Ezi ziquka uvavanyo lomzimba, iiskeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy . Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukufumana iimvavanyo zovavanyo malunga neminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, ungaqala ukufumana ezi mvavanyo kwangethuba. Ezi mvavanyo zihlala ziyekwa emva kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Ukuba ezi ziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa into engaqhelekanga, unokufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umhlaza ukhula kancinci kwaye awubangeli naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu, unokulinda ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba enze ezinye iimvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza okanye usasazeke ngaphandle kweprostate, i-biopsy ngokuqinisekileyo iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa .

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo?

Olu vavanyo lokuhlola luza kukunceda ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna olunye uvavanyo na:

• Uvavanyo lweDijithali lweRectal (DRE) : Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka umnwe ogqunywe ngeglavu, othanjiswe kwirectum yakho aze awuve umthambo wakho weprostate. Ukuba kukho amaqhuma okanye iindawo eziqinileyo, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweProstate-Specific Antigen (PSA) : I-prostate gland ivelisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Inqanaba eliphezulu lePSA egazini linokuba luphawu lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba ePSA anokuphakanyiswa nakwezinye iimeko ezingezizo ezomhlaza, ezifana ne-benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) okanye i-prostatitis. Ke ngoko, i-PSA ephezulu ayithethi rhoqo umhlaza .
• Imifanekiso : I-MRI okanye i-transrectal ultrasound ingathatha imifanekiso ye-prostate yakho. Le mifanekiso inokuchonga iindawo ezinokuba zikrokreleka ukuba zinomhlaza. Iziphumo zezi mvavanyo zemifanekiso zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba agqibe ekubeni enze i-biopsy.
• I-Biopsy : Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukususa isampuli yezicubu kwi-prostate gland aze ayihlole ukuba azinazo na iiseli zomhlaza. Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza we-prostate.. Ingabonisa nokuba umhlaza unzima kangakanani kwaye usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha le sampulu ivavanywa ngokwemfuza ukunceda ekucwangciseni unyango.

Zithini iiklasi kunye nezigaba zomhlaza we-prostate?

Oogqirha basebenzisa izinto ezifana neGleason score kunye nokulinganisa umhlaza ukuze bafumanise ukuba umhlaza unzima kangakanani kwaye loluphi unyango olufunekayo.

Yintoni iGleason Score?

Amanqaku eGleason avumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlele ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza aziqhelekanga kangakanani. Okukhona iiseli zingaqhelekanga, kokukhona amanqaku eGleason ephezulu. La manqaku amisela umgangatho womhlaza, okanye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Uhlalutyo lomhlaza

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba amisele ukuba umhlaza wakho ukhule okanye usasazeke kangakanani. Umhlaza unokuthi uphelele kwi-prostate gland (yasekuhlaleni), ungene kwizicwili ezikufutshane (zengingqi), okanye usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba (owakhiwe yi-metastasized). Umhlaza we-prostate usasazeka kakhulu emathanjeni nakwii-lymph nodes . Ungakhula nakwisibindi, ebuchotsheni, emiphungeni, nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza weprostate?

Unyango lwakho luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka impilo yakho iyonke, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na, kunye nokuba usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokuxhomekeke kunyango lwakho, kunokufuneka usebenze neengcali ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, oogqirha bezifo zomchamo, oogqirha bezifo zomhlaza, kunye noogqirha bezifo zomhlaza) . Uninzi lomhlaza we-prostate olufunyanwa kwangethuba lunokunyangeka ngonyango .

Amayeza athile kunye nonyango

Ukubeka esweni

Ukuba umhlaza wakho ukhula kancinci kwaye awukasasazeki, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni awujonge ngaphandle kokuwunyanga ngoko nangoko.

• Ukuhlolwa Okusebenzayo : Kule meko, uya kuba nokuhlolwa rhoqo, ukuskena kunye ne-biopsy - malunga kanye kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kweyeshumi elinesibini - ukujonga inkqubela yomhlaza. Oku kulungele kakhulu umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala, ongenabungozi kangako ongenazimpawu. Unyango luqalwa kuphela ukuba umhlaza uba mandundu.
• Ukulinda Ngokuqaphela : Le ndlela isetyenziswa kubantu abadala okanye abo banezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ibandakanya uvavanyo oluncinci kwaye igxile kakhulu ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunokuphelisa umhlaza.

Utyando

I-radical prostatectomy yinkqubo yotyando esusa i-prostate gland enesifo.Olu tyando lunokususa ngempumelelo umhlaza weprostate ongekasasazeka. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba ungazuza kolu tyando, uza kucebisa indlela efanelekileyo yokususa izicubu.

• Utyando lwe-Open Radical Prostatectomy : Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza utyando olunye esiswini sakho aze asuse i-prostate gland. Le nkqubo ayisasetyenziswa rhoqo njengezinye iinkqubo ezingangenisi ntsholongwane.
• Utyando lweRobotic Radical Prostatectomy : Kule nkqubo, ugqirha angenza utyando ngokusebenzisa imingxunya embalwa emincinci kakhulu. Usebenzisa inkqubo yerobhothi nge-console.

Unyango lweMisebe

Ungenza unyango lwe-radiation kumhlaza we-prostate njengonyango olunye okanye udityaniswe nezinye iindlela zonyango. Unyango lwe-radiation lunokunciphisa iimpawu.

• Unyango lweBrachy : Oku kubandakanya ukufaka imbewu ye-radioactive ngaphakathi kwi-prostate gland yakho. Oku kutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngelixa kusindisa izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.
• Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT) : Umatshini uqondisa umsebe onamandla we-X-rays kwithumba. Iindlela eziphambili ezifana ne-IMRT zinokujolisa kuphela kumhlaza ngelixa zigcina izicubu eziphilileyo.

Unyango lweNkqubo

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweprostate yakho, ugqirha wakho womhlaza unokucebisa unyango olusebenzayo. Olu nyango luhamba emzimbeni wonke luze lubulale iiseli zomhlaza okanye luzithintele ekukhuleni kwazo.

• Unyango lweeHormone : I-Testosterone yihomoni enceda ukukhula komhlaza weprostate. Kunyango lweeHormone, amayeza ayayithintela okanye ayinciphise i-testosterone. Amanye amadoda anokwenza utyando lokususa amasende (orchiectomy) ukuze kumiswe ukuveliswa kweHormone.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy : Olu nyango lusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Kumhlaza oqhubele phambili, lunokunikwa lodwa okanye ngonyango lwehomoni. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwe-prostate gland, unganikwa ikhemotherapy yodwa okanye ngonyango lwehomoni.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy : Oku kuvuselela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuze ikwazi ukufumana nokulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Ihlala isetyenziselwa umhlaza oqhubela phambili okanye ophinda ubuye.
• Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo : Olu nyango lujolise kwiinguqu zemfuza ezibangela umhlaza. Lusebenza kakuhle kwiintlobo zomhlaza ezineenguqu ze-BRCA.

Unyango olugxile kwi-Focal

Unyango olujoliswe kwizifo zentliziyo lunyango olutsha olutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphakathi kwi-prostate gland yakho. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu nyango ukuba umhlaza wakho awunobungozi kwaye awukasasazeki. Uninzi lwale nyango lusavavanywa.

• I-Ultrasound egxile kwi-High-Intensity (HIFU) : Amaza esandi anamandla aphezulu avelisa ubushushu obukhulu kwaye abulale iiseli zomhlaza kwi-prostate yakho.
• Unyango lweCryotherapy : Umoya obandayo uqandisa iiseli zomhlaza kwiprostate yakho, utshabalalise ithumba.
• Ukususwa kweLaser : Ubushushu obuphezulu obujoliswe kwithumba lomhlaza bubulala iiseli zomhlaza kwi-prostate gland kwaye butshabalalise ithumba.
• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic : Amayeza enza iiseli zomhlaza zibe buthathaka ngakumbi kwiimitha ezithile zokukhanya. Emva koko ugqirha ubeka iiseli zomhlaza kuloo mitha yokukhanya, azibulale.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza weprostate?

Kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi ezinokubakho ngenxa yonyango:

• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba : Usenokuvuza umchamo xa ukhohlela okanye uhleka. Okanye usenokuziva ufuna ukuchama ngequbuliso nokuba isinyi sakho asizalanga. Le meko idla ngokuba ngcono ngaphandle konyango kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Erectile Dysfunction (ED) : Utyando kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zinokuchaphazela amandla okumelana ne-erection ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Ungabona umahluko kubomi bakho besondo unyaka okanye emibini. Amayeza anjengeSildenafil (Viagra®) okanye iTadalafil (Cialis®) anokunceda koku ngokunyusa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwi-penis.
• Ukungazali : Unyango lunokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwesidoda sakho okanye ukuphuma kwesidoda. Ukuba unethemba lokuba nabantwana, cinga ngokubeka isidoda sakho esisele ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango . Kamva, isidoda singafunyanwa size sifakwe kwisibeleko seqabane lakho.

Ukuba unale miphumo emibi, qiniseka ukuba wazisa iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza . Rhoqo, banokucebisa amayeza kunye nonyango olunokunceda.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba unomhlaza we-prostate, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kweprostate yam?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango lwesigaba sam somhlaza weprostate?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wendlala kusapho lwam? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba kufuneka senze uvavanyo lwemfuza?
• Loluphi unyango olufunekayo emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iimpawu zeengxaki?

Luhlobo luni lwethemba umntu onomhlaza weprostate analo?

Ukuba umhlaza weprostate ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ungalindela isiphumo esingcono kakhulu . Amashumi alithoba anesithoba ekhulwini (99%) amadoda afunyaniswa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke - oko kukuthi, aya kuphila ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa . Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza okwi-prostate gland kuphela unokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (umhlaza we-prostate osasazekayo), izinga lokusinda alikho lihle kangako - yi-32% kuphela yamadoda anomhlaza we-prostate osasazekayo aya kube ephila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa. Xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza we-prostate, unokuba neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo - kunye nemibuzo emininzi. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, umhlaza we-prostate unokunyangwa kakuhle kakhulu . Abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi obupheleleyo, obungenamhlaza iminyaka emininzi emva konyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, unokuba mkhulu ngakumbi kwaye usasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza liya kuchaza iindlela onokukhetha kuzo kwaye likunike inkxaso kunye nesikhokelo osidingayo kuzo zonke izigqibo, ukusuka kuvavanyo ukuya kunyango.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Umhlaza weprostate sisifo esiqhelekileyo nesinokuba yingozi kumadoda. Kodwa ungoyiki . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi iimpawu kwaye uhlolwe xa uneminyaka efanelekileyo . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya umhlaza weprostate, ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba nesifo. Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, iindlela zonyango ezinokunyanga esi sifo ngokupheleleyo ziye zaphuhliswa namhlanje . Ke ngoko, ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungabi nazintloni okanye woyike ukubona ugqirha. Nguwe ofanele ukhathalele impilo yakho kakhulu. Khumbula, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukungatshayi, ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga) kukwanceda ekuzikhuseleni kwizifo ezinjalo ngandlela ithile .

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Umhlaza weprostate , umhlaza weprostate, i-PSA, i-DRE, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, impilo yamadoda