Ngaba nawe uhleka kakhulu okanye uziva ulusizi? Oku kusenokuba yiPseudobulbar Affect (PBA)!

Ngaba wakha wabona, okanye wakubona, ukuhleka ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukulila okungalawulekiyo? Ngamanye amaxesha, usabela kakhulu kwinto encinci kunosizi okanye ulonwabo oluvayo. Ukuba ukhe waba nalo mava, kubalulekile ukwazi ngemeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, iPseudobulbar Affect, okanye iPBA ngamafutshane.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni iPseudobulbar Affect (PBA)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yimeko yemithambo-luvo ekwenza uhleke okanye ukhale ngokungalawulekiyo, ngendlela engahambelaniyo neemvakalelo zakho zokwenyani. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukwimeko ebuhlungu, kodwa awukwazi ukuyeka ukuhleka. Okanye, ukwitheko elonwabisayo, kodwa uziva ufuna ukulila ngalo lonke ixesha. Olu luphawu oluphambili lwe-PBA.

Le meko ibangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo okanye yenye imeko yemithambo-luvo. Umzekelo, umntu onesifo esifana ne-"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)" unokuba nale meko.

Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona oku kuhleka okanye ukulila kubonakala kufanelekile ngelo xesha, kunzima ukulawula kunesiqhelo. Kwakhona, ezi mvakalelo zinokuba bukhali kakhulu kwaye zihlale ixesha elide kunesiqhelo . Kufana nokuvula itephu kwaye awukwazi ukuyimisa.

I-PBA ikwabizwa ngamanye amagama aliqela:

• Ukwazi ukusebenza ngokweemvakalelo
• Ukuhleka nokulila okubangelwa zizifo
• Ingxaki yokubonakalisa iimvakalelo ngokunganyanzelekanga
• Ukuhleka okanye ukulila ngokunyanzelekileyo
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo (ukungakwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo)

I-PBA inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bakho, kusapho lwakho, nakwabo bakukhathaleleyo. Inokubangela ukuziva uneentloni, uxhalabile , kwanokuziva ungowakwakho.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-PBA?

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba phakathi kwezigidi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7 zabantu eMelika kuphela banesifo se-PBA. Isizathu solu luhlu olubanzi lwamanani kukuba i-PBA iyahluka ngobukhulu kwaye ayiqatshelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abanale meko eSri Lanka nabo abafumani unyango ngenxa yokungazi.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yi-PBA?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yiPseudobulbar Affect (PBA), inokuchaphazela nabani na walo naluphi na ubudala, kuquka abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kunye nohlobo oluthile lwesifo semithambo-luvo engqondweni.

Njengoko uphando lubonisile:

• Malunga nama-50% abantu abane-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) banokuba ne-PBA.
• Malunga nama-48% abantu abanokwenzakala ebuchotsheni (TBI) banokwenzakala ebuchotsheni.
• Le meko ichaphazela malunga nama-46% abantu abaneMultiple Sclerosis (MS).

Ngaba iPseudobulbar ichaphazela isifo sengqondo?

Abanye abantu banokucinga ukuba i-PBA sisifo sengqondo. Kuba ezi zinto ezifana nokuhleka nokulila zinxulumene neemvakalelo zethu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-PBA ibangelwa kukonakala kwesekethe ze-neural ebuchotsheni , ihlelwa njenge-'neuropsychiatric syndrome', oko kukuthi, ingqokelela yeempawu ze-neuropsychiatric. Ngamafutshane, i-PBA sisifo sokubonakala kweemvakalelo esenzeka kwimeko yengqondo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-PBA?

Ukuze uqonde i-PBA, kubalulekile ukwazi umahluko phakathi 'kweemvakalelo' kunye 'nefuthe'. Iimvakalelo yindlela oziva ngayo ngaphakathi kuwe. Oko kukuthi, izinto onokuziva nguwe wedwa, njengosizi, umsindo, okanye ulonwabo. Impembelelo yindlela iimvakalelo zakho ezibonakaliswa ngayo ngaphandle, njengokuncuma okanye ukukhala, ezibonwa ngabanye.

Ngoko ke, uphawu oluphambili lwePseudobulbar Affect (PBA) kukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo (i-affect) ezingahambelaniyo neemvakalelo zakho okanye ubunzulu beemvakalelo zakho. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kukulila nokuhleka.

Oku kuhleka kunye/okanye ukulila kunokubonakala ngolu hlobo:

• Okungalindelekanga, ngequbuliso, kwaye kungalawuleki.
• Kugqithisile kakhulu kwesi siganeko. (umz. ukuhleka iiyure ezininzi ngehlaya elincinci)
• Kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umsindo okanye ukukhungatheka okungalawulekiyo kunokuvela.

Ngenxa yokuba i-PBA idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesifo semithambo-luvo esingaphantsi njengokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abantu abane-PBA banokuba nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nesi sifo esingaphantsi.

Zithini izizathu ze-PBA?

Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela iPseudobulbar Affect. Bacinga ukuba ibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwendlela yemithambo-luvo engqondweni yethu elawula ukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo.

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ze-neurological ezinxulumene ne-PBA ezinokubangela ezi ngxaki:

• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), eyaziwa ngokuba sisifo sikaLou Gehrig.
• I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Istroke
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Iithumba zobuchopho
• Isifo sokuwa
• Isifo sikaWilson

Zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezichaphazeleka yi-PBA?

Kukholelwa ukuba i-PBA ichaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ecaleni kwendlela ye-cerebro-ponto-cerebellar.

Inxalenye yale ndlela yingqondo yethu encinci (iCerebellum).Oku kwenziwa ngokujonga iimpendulo zethu zeemvakalelo nokuqinisekisa ukuba zifanelekile kwimeko yoluntu. Ukuba iindlela zemithambo-luvo ezivela kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho ukuya kwi-cerebellum ziyaphazamiseka, ulawulo lokubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo lunokulahleka.

Ukongeza, ezi neurotransmitters zilandelayo zinokuba negalelo kwi-PBA:

• I-Serotonin
• I-Norepinephrine `(i-Norepinephrine)`
• I-Dopamine
• I-Glutamate
• I-Acetylcholine `(Acetylcholine)`

Ifunyaniswa njani i-PBA?

I-Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) inokuba yimeko enzima ukuyifumanisa . Kwanoogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banokuyicinga njengesigulo sengqondo - ingakumbi ukudakumba okanye isifo se-bipolar.

Okwangoku, akukho vavanyo luthile lokufumanisa i-PBA. Oogqirha baxilonga imeko ngokusekelwe kwi:

• Iimpawu
• Imbali yezonyango, ingakumbi malunga nezifo zemithambo-luvo
• Imbali yempilo yengqondo
• Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo lomzimba

Konke oku kufundwe ngononophelo kwaye kufikelelwa kwisigqibo.

Kutheni i-PBA idideka nokudakumba?

I-Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) yimeko edla ngokubhidaniswa nesifo sengqondo, ingakumbi ukudakumba.

Oku kwenzeka xa usoloko ukhala, uphawu oluphambili lwe-PBA. Abantu abane-PBA banokufumana uxinzelelo ngenxa yezinye izizathu, kunye nangenxa yemeko ye-PBA ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nokudakumba, iziganeko zokulila kwi-PBA:

• Iqala ngequbuliso, njengokuqhuma.
• Ihlala ixesha elifutshane kuphela.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo ayinxulunyaniswa nosizi lwangaphakathi oluhlala ixesha elide.

Nangona abantu abanesifo sokudakumba behlala bedakumbile, abanakukwazi ukukhala rhoqo. Nokuba bakhala njalo, kuhlala ixesha elide kunakwi-PBA. Kwakhona, ezinye iimpawu zokudakumba, ezifana nokungalali kakuhle kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, azibonakali kwi-PBA.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-PBA?

Akukho nyango lwePseudobulbar Affect (PBA). Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza anokunceda ekulawuleni. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa ubukhali kunye nobunzima bezi ziganeko zokuhleka nokukhala ezingalawulekiyo.

Iindidi zamayeza ezinikwa ngoogqirha ze-PBA zezi:

• I-Dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate (Nuedexta®): Eli liyeza lokuqala elivunyiweyo yi-FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) ukunyanga i-PBA. Liqulethe iyeza lokukhwehlela (dextromethorphan) kunye nedosi ephantsi kakhulu yeyeza elalisetyenziswa ngaphambili ukunyanga iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo (quinidine sulfate).
• Amayeza okudakumba:Amayeza okudakumba afana ne-`(Tricyclic antidepressants)`, `(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SSRIs)`, kunye ne-`(Norepinephrine/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SNRIs)` anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-PBA. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zihlala zinikwa ngeedosi eziphantsi kunezo zinikwa ukudakumba.

Njengakweminye imithi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho. Kufuneka usebenzisane nogqirha ukuze ukhethe isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ngaba i-PBA ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba iPseudobulbar Affect ibangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo kunye neemeko zemithambo-luvo, akukho nto inokwenziwa ukuyithintela ukuba ingenzeki.

Ithini ingqikelelo ye-PBA?

Imbono yee-PBA iyahluka ukusuka kumntu nomntu.

Ukuba imeko ayiqatshelwa kwaye ayinyangwa, abantu abane-PBA basengozini enkulu yokuba:

• Uxinzelelo
• Ixhala
• Ukuncipha konxibelelwano loluntu
• Umgangatho wobomi ophantsi

Amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu. Kunokuba nzima ukuzixilonga nokunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokwakho kwaye uzame. Oogqirha abazi kakuhle ngale meko ziingcali zengqondo, iingcali zemithambo-luvo, kunye neengcali zengqondo.

I-Pseudobulbar Affection ihlala ixesha elingakanani?

I-Pseudobulbar affection idla ngokuba yimeko engapheliyo, njengoko iimeko zonyango ezibangela oku (umz., i-multiple sclerosis, isifo sika-Alzheimer) zihlala ixesha elide.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphile ngempumelelo nge-PBA? (Amaqhinga okujamelana nayo)

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokukunceda ujongane ne-PBA kwaye ulawule ukuhleka/ukukhala kwakho ngequbuliso:

• Xa kufika ukuhleka/ukukhala, phefumla nzulu ude uphele.
• Cinga ngenye into ngelo xesha, gxila kuyo.
• Khulula izihlunu zakho zehlombe nezobuso uze unciphise uxinzelelo.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, tshintsha indawo yakho.
• Xelela abanye ngemeko yakho ukuze bazi ukuba balindele ntoni kwaye bangaqondi kakubi ngawe.
• Ukuba i-PBA ichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo, bonana nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba une-PBA, unyango lwakho alusebenzi kakuhle, okanye unemiphumo emibi engathandekiyo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olutsha.

Ukuhleka nokulila ngokungalawulekiyo kunokuba nzima, kube yintloni, kwaye kube nzima ukuba abanye bakuqonde. Kodwa khumbula, iPseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yimeko yezonyango, kwaye inokulawulwa ngamayeza. Ukuba uneempawu zePBA, thetha nogqirha. Bakho apha ukukunceda.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esizithethileyo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ke, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule malunga nePseudobulbar Affect (PBA) esithethe ngazo namhlanje:

• I-PBA yimeko yemithambo-luvo ekwenza uhleke okanye ukhale ngokungalawulekiyo, ngendlela engahambelaniyo neemvakalelo zakho.
• Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesinye isifo semithambo-luvo (umz. i-ALS, i-MS, iStroke, i-TBI).
• I-PBA ayisosifo sengqondo ngokwaso, kodwa inokubhidaniswa neemeko ezifana nokudakumba.
• Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo loku, kukho amayeza okulawula iimpawu.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphandle kokuba neentloni okanye ukoyika.
• Ukwazisa abantu obathandayo ngale meko kuya kwenza izinto zibe lula kuwe nakubo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha.

Impembelelo yePseudobulbar , i-PBA, i-Neuropathy, ukuhleka okungalawulekiyo, ukukhala okungalawulekiyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokweemvakalelo, iingxaki zobuchopho