Khawuthelekelele, emva kwengozi engalindelekanga, umntu ukhubazekile ukususela entanyeni ukuya ezantsi, engakwazi ukushukuma okanye ukuva nantoni na... Zombini iingalo, zombini imilenze, wonke umzimba ukhubazekile. Le yimeko enzima esiyibiza ngokuba yiQuadriplegia kwezonyango. Nangona eli gama linokoyikisa ukuliva, kunokubaluleka kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo ukuba nixelelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngale nto. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iQuadriplegia?
I-quadriplegia yimeko yokungakwazi ukulawula umzimba. Ngokuchanekileyo, kukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kolawulo lomzimba ukusuka entanyeni ukuya ezantsi, oko kukuthi, iingalo zombini kunye nemilenze yomibini. Le meko ibangelwa kukonakala komqolo, indlela ephambili ethwala imiyalezo esuka kwingqondo yethu ukuya emzimbeni wonke.
Kukho elinye igama lale nto, eliyiTetraplegia . Omabini la magama athetha into enye. Igama elithi Quadri lithetha "ezine" ngesiLatini, elithi Tetra lithetha "ezine" ngesiGrike. Igama elithi Plegia lithetha "ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle". Ngoko ke nangona kukho amagama amabini, imeko iyafana.
Le meko yeQuadriplegia inokubonwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-Qualriplegia epheleleyo: Oku kwenzeka xa umonakalo kumqolo uthintela ngokupheleleyo imiyalezo evela engqondweni. Kufana nokucima iswitshi ephambili endlwini. Emva koko, akukho ntshukumo, mvakalelo, okanye ulawulo kwiindawo ezikhubazekileyo.
2. I-Quadriplegia engaphelelanga: Kulapho umonakalo kwintambo yomgogodla ungayiyeki ngokupheleleyo imiyalezo. Kuphela eminye yemiyalezo ephazanyiswayo. Njengentambo ekhululekileyo kwiswitshi ephambili. Oku kunokubangela ukungcangcazela kwamalungu omzimba, ukuziva okuthile, okanye ulawulo oluthile lokusebenza kwamathumbu kunye nesinyi.
Yahlulwe yangamabini ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela izihlunu ezikhubazekileyo ezisebenza ngayo:
- I-Flaccid Quadriplegia: Kule meko, izihlunu azinamandla kwaphela, ziyagoba kwaye azinabomi .
- I-Spastic Quadriplegia: Kule meko, izihlunu ziyaxhuzula kwaye ziqine ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izihlunu ziyazibophelela ngokuzenzekelayo, nangona zingenakukwazi ukuzilawula njengoko kufuneka.
Isiphumo sahluka njani ngokuxhomekeke apho intambo yomqolo yonakele khona?
Inxalenye yentamo yomqolo wethu ibizwa ngokuba yiCervical Spine (C-Spine). Kukho ii-vertebrae ezisi-7 kunye nee-spiral nerves ezisi-8 eziphuma kuzo. Isiphumo kwisigulana siyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kubude benxeba. Okukhona ukwenzakala kuphezulu kumqolo, kokukhona isiphumo siba sibi ngakumbi.
| Indawo yokwenzakala komqolo | Impembelelo enokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| C1 ukuya ku-C2 | Zonke izitho ezine zomzimba ziyakhubazeka ngokupheleleyo. Nezihlunu ezilawula ukuphefumla azisebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukufa kunokwenzeka ukuba umoya ongeniswayo awufumaneki ngoko nangoko. Nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo, efana nokubila, ulawulo loxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nolawulo lwamathumbu nesinyi, iyayeka. |
| Ukusuka kwi-C3 ukuya kwi-C4 | Oku kuhlala kunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zomonakalo okufutshane ne-C4, amandla okuphefumla athile anokugcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni isigulana singakwazi nokukhohlela, umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo olufana ne-pneumonia uphezulu. |
| C4 ukuya ku-C8 | Umlinganiselo wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezandla neminwe unokwahluka. Okukhona umonakalo uphantsi kumqolo, kokukhona amathuba okugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwezandla esanda. |
Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-quadriplegia?
Eyona sizathu siphambili soku kukwenzakala komqolo okubangelwe kukwenzakala (SCI). Kwanakwilizwe lethu, sihlala siva ngezinto ezinjalo.
- Iingozi zeemoto: Ingakumbi ukunganxibi iibhanti zezihlalo, iingozi zemoto enamavili amathathu, kunye neengozi zokuphoswa emotweni.
- Ukuwa: Ukuwa usuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, ukuwa emthini, ukutyibilika (ingakumbi kubantu abadala, abasengozini enkulu ngenxa yokubhitya kwamathambo).
- Izenzo zobundlobongela: ukudubulana, ukuhlabana, ukuhlaselwa okunzima.
- Iingozi zemidlalo: Iingozi ezenzeka ngexesha lemidlalo efana neragbi, ibhola ekhatywayo, kunye nokuntywila.
Ukongeza kwezi ngozi, i-quadriplegia inokubangelwa nazezinye iimeko zonyango:
- Iithumba ezikhula ngaphakathi okanye ezijikeleze umqolo.
- Iintsholongwane ngaphakathi komqolo.
- Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa umqolo.
- Iingxaki ekuzalweni (umz. iCerebral Palsy, iSpine Bifida).
- Izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni ezifana neGuillain-Barré Syndrome, iMultiple Sclerosis, neTransverse Myelitis.
Yintoni omele uyenze xa ukrokrela ukuba umntu wenzekele emqolo?
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukushukumisa, ukuphakamisa, okanye ukurhuqa umntu nangasiphi na isizathu ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wenzekele emqolo okanye entanyeni. Ukwenza njalo kunokuguqula ukwenzakala okuncinci kube kukukhubazeka okukhulu nokusisigxina.
Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenze:
1. Fowunela inkonzo ye-ambulensi ka-1990 ngoko nangoko.
2. Gcina isigulana singashukumi de kufike abasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo.
3. Kuphela xa isigulana sisengozini yokufa ngoko nangoko, njengomlilo, apho kufuneka sifuduselwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ngononophelo olukhulu, ngaphandle kokugoba intamo nomqolo waso. Kodwa oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela xa kungekho ndlela yimbi.
Wakuba ungeniswe esibhedlele, into yokuqala eyenziwa ngoogqirha kuzama ukunqanda umonakalo ukuba ungabi mbi kakhulu. Oku kungabandakanya ukubeka iikhola entanyeni kunye nokumisa isigulane kwibhodi ekhethekileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunokufuneka utyando olukhawulezileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kumqolo okanye kulungiswe amathambo aphukileyo. Konke oku kumiselwa ngugqirha wakho.
Singenza ntoni ukuthintela imeko embi ngolu hlobo?
Eyona nto ibangela i-quadriplegia ziingozi, kwaye ukulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko kunokunciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko: Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo nanini na xa usemotweni. Nxiba isigcina-ntloko esifanelekileyo ukuba ukhwela ibhayisekile okanye isithuthuthu.
- Zikhusele ekuweni: Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukutyibilika kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ingakumbi ukuba kukho abantu abadala ekhayeni. Faka ii-handrails. Sebenzisa iibhanti zokhuseleko xa usebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
- Lumka xa utsibela emanzini: Musa ukutsibela emanzini intamo yakho iphezulu kwiindawo ongaziqhelanga okanye emanzini anganzulu. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumqolo.
- Ziphephe iziyobisi notywala: Umngcipheko weengozi uphezulu kakhulu xa zisetyenziswa.
Yintoni i-Transient Quadriplegia?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubadlali bezemidlalo, ukwenzakala komqolo kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwamalungu okwethutyana . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Transient Quadriplegia". Ngelo xesha, amalungu aba ndindisholo kwaye andindisholo, kwaye amalungu angakwazi ukuhamba. Oku kudla ngokuphela kwimizuzu eli-10-15, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuthathwa njengengxamiseko kwaye kubalulekile ukuthumela isigulana kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-quadriplegia kukulahlekelwa yimilenze yonke emine ngenxa yomonakalo womqolo wesibeleko. Oku kungaba kuphelele okanye kungaphelelanga.
- Ungaze umshukumise umntu ocinga ukuba ukhe wenzakala emqolo okanye entanyeni. Fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko uze ubize i-ambulensi.
- Uninzi lweengozi ezibangela le meko zinokuthintelwa. Iibhanti zezihlalo, iintloko, kunye nokukhuselwa ekuweni zibaluleke kakhulu.
- Amathuba okuchacha, ixesha lokuphila, kunye neendlela zonyango zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lwengozi kunye nendawo eyenzekileyo kuyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo.
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