Ingaba umntwana wakho usemncinci? Njengomama notata, kufuneka sikhathazeke kakhulu ngabantwana abazelwe ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa. Sinyamekela yonke into ngabo. Kufuneka silumke kakhulu ngamehlo abo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemeko yamehlo enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandula kuzalwa, kodwa enokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba. Oku sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yiRetinopathy of Prematurity , okanye iROP ngamafutshane.
Yintoni i-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity (ROP)?
Ngamafutshane, i-ROP yimeko yamehlo echaphazela abanye abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ingakumbi ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-31. Ibangelwa kukwakheka okungaqhelekanga kwemithambo yegazi kwi -retina yeliso lomntwana.
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni i-retina. Yi-membrane ebaluleke kakhulu ngasemva kwamehlo ethu. Ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. I-retina iguqula ukukhanya kwezinto esizibonayo zibe ziimpawu zombane ize izithumele engqondweni. Emva koko ingqondo isebenzisa ezo zimpawu ukudala umfanekiso esiwubonayo. Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba le nxalenye ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni, akunjalo?
Le mithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga ekhula kwi-ROP idla ngokuba yingozi. Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lufunekayo, kwaye oogqirha bayayijonga nje. Malunga ne-90% yeentsana ezine-ROP ziyaphola ngaphandle konyango kwaye ziphinde zibone ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokuba yingozi kwaye isongele umbono womntwana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile ukuthintela umonakalo osisigxina kwiliso kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumbono. Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-ROP enzima inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kombono, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni yimfama.
Yingakho oogqirha becebisa ukuba kuhlolwe iintsana ezisemngciphekweni kwangoko nje emva kokuba zizelwe. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-ROP kwaye nokuba ufuna unyango na. Ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni we-ROP, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela. Uza kukuxelela nokuba kufuneka uhlolwe nini umntwana wakho. Ukukhusela umbono womntwana wakho, kubalulekile ukulandela ishedyuli yokuhlolwa enikwa ngugqirha wakho.
Kutheni i-ROP isenzeka? Izizathu kunye nezinto ezinobungozi
Eyona nto ibangela i-ROP kukuphazamiseka kophuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina yomntwana.
Khawucinge nje, ukuze umntwana wethu abone ihlabathi kakuhle, udinga i-retina esempilweni kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi okuhle. Le mithambo yegazi ikhula kuyo yonke isibeleko sikamama. Kodwa ayikhuli ngokupheleleyo de kube kufutshane nokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina yeentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ayikhuli ngokupheleleyo. Le mithambo yegazi iyaqhubeka ikhula nasemva kokuzalwa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kulapho ke i-ROP iyenzeka khona.
Akuyena wonke umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha oza kuphuhlisa i-ROP, kodwa abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izinto ezithile ziyandisa umngcipheko.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngokuqinisekileyo umse umntwana wakho ayokuhlolwa amehlo njengoko ugqirha ecebisile, nokuba ezi zinto zinobungozi zikhona okanye azikho.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko kwi-ROP.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha | Umngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-31 zokukhulelwa. Okukhona umntwana ezalwa kwangethuba, kokukhona umngcipheko we-ROP uphezulu. |
| Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa | Iintsana ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-1500 grams (1.5 kg) xa zizalwa zisengozini enkulu. |
| Isifo soxinzelelo lokuphefumla | Iintsana ezazinengxaki yokuphefumla kwasebuntwaneni kwaye zifuna unyango lweoksijini zisenokuba sengozini. |
| Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwentloko | Iintsana eziye zopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo nazo zisengozini enkulu. |
| Ezinye izifo kunye neemeko zonyango | Usulelo olunzima okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezenzeka kwasebuntwaneni nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-ROP. |
Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ziyingozi, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ukuba ahlolwe amehlo ukuze ajonge iimpawu zeROP ekuzalweni.
Ifunyanwa njani i-ROP?
I-ROP idla ngokungabi nazimpawu zangaphandle ezibonwa ngabazali xa bejonga umntwana wabo. Inokuchongwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo ngugqirha wamehlo .
Ngokwesiqhelo, ingcali yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ifumanisa umntwana osemngciphekweni we-ROP ngelixa umntwana esesesibhedlele emva kokuzalwa. Emva koko ithumela umntwana kwingcali yezifo zamehlo.
Le nkqubo yokuhlola ibandakanya:
1. Amaconsi amehlo: Ugqirha uza kubeka amaconsi ambalwa amayeza emehlweni omntwana. Oku kuya kwandisa umbungu, okukuvumela ukuba ubone ngcono ngaphakathi kweliso.
2. Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi kweliso: Emva koko ugqirha wamehlo usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ukuhlola ngononophelo ingaphakathi leliso, ingakumbi i-retina kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, imifanekiso yedijithali yangaphakathi kweliso nayo ingathathwa.
Olu vavanyo lokuqala ludla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezi-4 nezi-6 emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana, ugqirha angakucela ukuba uphinde olu vavanyo rhoqo emva kweveki e-1 ukuya kwe-3 . Olu vavanyo luyekiswa kuphela xa ugqirha eqinisekile ukuba imithambo yegazi kwi-retina ikhule ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho mngcipheko.
Amanqanaba e-ROP
Ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-ROP, uza kuyihlela ngokwamanqanaba ukuze abone ukuba unzima kangakanani na kwaye nokuba unyango luyadingeka na. La manqanaba aqala kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5. Inqanaba lesi-5 lelona linzima kakhulu.
| Iqonga | Imeko |
|---|---|
| Amanqanaba 1 kunye nelesi-2 | Ezi zizifo ze-ROP ezithambileyo ukuya kweziphakathi. Uninzi lwexesha, ziyaphola ngokwazo ngaphandle konyango. Ugqirha ujonga nje. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Kule nqanaba, unyango lunokufuneka ukuthintela umonakalo kwi-retina okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-retina. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | I-ROP Ebuhlungu. Inxalenye ye-retina isusiwe. Ifuna ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza. |
| Inqanaba lesi-5 | Elona nqanaba linzima. I-retina iyahlukana ngokupheleleyo. Ifuna ukunyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa nangona unyango lukhona, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokulahlekelwa kukubona okanye ukuba yimfama ngokupheleleyo. |
Ukongeza, ungaziva ezinye izibizo ezifana ne-"Plus Disease," esisifo esibi apho imithambo yegazi kwi-retina ivuleka kwaye ijijeke ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-ROP?
Ukuba i-retina yomntwana wakho isengozini yokuqhekeka, okanye sele ihlukanisiwe, kufuneka unyango. Ugqirha wamehlo uza kumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunyanga ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba le-ROP kunye neziphumo zovavanyo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:
- Unyango lweLaser: Olu lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Oku kuquka ukuqondisa umqadi welaser kwimiphetho engaphandle ye-retina, kudala ipateni yokutsha okuncinci. Oku kutsha kuyayekisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. Unyango lweLaser luphumelele malunga ne-90%.
- Unyango lwe-Anti-VEGF: Oku kuquka ukufaka iyeza elisweni lomntwana. Eli yeza lithintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga.
Ugqirha wamehlo uza kukuchazela kakuhle ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele umntwana wakho, kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zalo.
Ukuba i-retina yomntwana wakho ihlukanisiwe (inqanaba lesi-4 okanye lesi-5), unyango olongezelelweyo oluvela kwingcali ye-retina lunokufuneka. Umzekelo, utyando olufana ne -vitrectomy lunokucetyiswa.
Ndingayinyamekela njani umntwana wam?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo onokuyenza njengomzali kukuqinisekisa ukuba uyisa umntwana wakho kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ezicetyiswe yingcali yamehlo ngomhla nexesha elicwangcisiweyo.
Olu vavanyo lolona hlobo lubalaseleyo lokufumanisa i-ROP kwangethuba kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kokubona okungapheliyo kumntwana wakho. Ngoko ke, musa ukulibazisa olu vavanyo nangasiphi na isizathu.
Iintsana ezinyangelwa i-ROP ziya kufuna ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo ubomi bazo bonke. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ebuntwaneni kuba kubalulekile ukujonga ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga nokuba sele kudlule iminyaka emva konyango oluphumeleleyo.
Kwakhona, iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ngaphandle kwe-ROP zifuna ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo kuba zisengozini enkulu yokufumana ezinye izifo zamehlo kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo:
- I-Amblyopia okanye iliso elivilaphayo
- I-Strabismus okanye amehlo anqamlezileyo
- I-Glaucoma
Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba amehlo omntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe kangaphi, kwaye usebenze ngokwelo shedyuli.
Okokugqibela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxhalabile, ukhathazekile, kwaye usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yamehlo. Olu xinzelelo lunokuba lukhulu ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye iingxaki zempilo. Khumbula, ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezonyango bakhona ukukunceda kuyo yonke inyathelo. Bhala imibuzo yakho ephepheni uze uyiphathe nawe xa ugqirha wakho ebonana naye. Fumana lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze umntwana wakho aphile kakuhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ROP (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity) sisifo samehlo esenzeka kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Ixesha elininzi (malunga ne-90%) le meko ayinzima kwaye iyaziphelela ngaphandle konyango.
- Akukho zimpawu zangaphandle abazali abanokuzibona xa bejonga umntwana wabo. Zinokufunyanwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa ngugqirha wamehlo.
- Kubalulekile ukuya kuzo zonke ii-tests ezicetyiswe ngugqirha wakho kwangethuba. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukukhusela umbono womntwana wakho.
- Ubumfama bunokuthintelwa ngonyango olukhawulezileyo lwe-ROP enzima.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye uloyiko onalo.
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