I-Rh factor egazini lakho ikuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa? Masifumanise!

Ukuba ungumama ozayo, okanye ukuba sele ulindele umntwana, mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngeemvavanyo ezininzi zegazi eziza kwenziwa ngugqirha wakho kuvavanyo lwakho lokuqala. Enye yezona zibalulekileyo kwezi kukujonga i-Rh factor. Oku kunokubonakala kukudideka kwaye kutsha kuwe. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento i-Rh factor kunye nendlela ebaluleke ngayo kuwe nakumntwana wakho ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Yintoni i-Rh factor? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-Rh factor yiproteni ekhethekileyo kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Yinto oyizuza njengelifa kubazali bakho, njengobude okanye umbala wolusu lwakho.

• Ukuba unayo le protein kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, une -Rh-positive .
• Ukuba awunayo le protein kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, unesifo se-Rh-negative .

Cinga nje, uninzi lwabantu ehlabathini, malunga nama-85 ekhulwini (85%) abo, bane-Rh-positive . Ngoko ke ukuba une-Rh-positive, yimeko eqhelekileyo leyo.

Sonke siyazi ngeentlobo zethu zegazi. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zegazi: A, B, AB, kunye no-O. Ezi ntlobo zegazi "zilungile (+)" okanye "zingalunganga (-)" kuxhomekeke kwi-Rh factor yakho. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-A kwaye i-Rh factor yakho ilungile, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luyi-"A lungile." Njalo njalo:

• Ingxaki
• B Elungileyo
• B Negative
• O Elungileyo
• O Okungalunganga
• I-AB Ene-HIV
• I-AB Negative

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-Rh factor yakho ayichaphazeli impilo yakho iyonke okanye ibangele naziphi na iingxaki. Yinto nje ebonakala egazini lakho.

Kutheni i-Rh factor ibalulekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Nangona i-Rh factor yakho ingenampembelelo kubomi bakho besiqhelo, kufuneka ukhathazeke ngale nto ukuba ukhulelwe, ingakumbi ukuba awunayo i-Rh .

Nantsi into eyenzekayo:

Khawucinge nje, ungumama ongena-Rh (oko kuthetha ukuba awunayo loo protein ikhethekileyo egazini lakho). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana osesiswini une-Rh-positive (oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana unaloo protein egazini lakhe, ayizuze kuyise), ngoko ke ingxaki encinci inokuvela. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -Rh-compatibility .

Ngeli xesha, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba kamama inokuzibona iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ze-Rh-positive zomntwana "njengezangaphandle." Kanye njengokuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ilwa nentsholongwane xa ingena emzimbeni wethu, umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene neeseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi -Rh sensitization .

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Amayeza anamhlanje aneendlela ezilungileyo zokuthintela le meko.Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika inaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi-"immune globulin" ukuze athintele le ngxaki ukuba ingenzeki.

Igazi likamama nelomntwana lingaxubana njani?

Ngokwesiqhelo, igazi likamama kunye nosana olusesiswini alixubeki ngqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, inani elincinci kakhulu legazi losana linokuxubana negazi likamama. Ezi meko ziquka:

• Ngexesha lokuzala: Kungaba kukubeletha ngesisu okanye ngotyando.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa: umzekelo, iimvavanyo ezifana ne-"amniocentesis" (uvavanyo lwe-amniotic fluid) okanye i-"chorionic villus sampling - CVS" (uvavanyo lwenxalenye ye-placenta).
• Ukuba ufumana ukopha kwilungu lobufazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba kukho ingozi enkulu okanye ukwenzakala esiswini.
• Xa kukho ingxaki ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, njengokuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukukhulelwa okuphuma ngaphandle kwesibeleko.
• Emva kwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-``external cephalic version (ECV)'', esetyenziselwa ukujika umntwana xa ekwimo yokurhoxa.

Umntwana usengozini nini?

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntwana akanazo iingxaki ezinkulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala komama ongenayo i-Rh. Isizathu soku kukuba igazi likamama lidla ngokudibana negazi lomntwana ngexesha lokubeleka. Ngoko ke, nokuba ezo antibodies ziqala ukwakheka, umntwana uza kube sele ezelwe ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya i-Rh factor nokuba kukukhulelwa kwakho kokuqala.

Ingxaki inokuvela ukuba ukhulelwa okwesibini kwaye umntwana naye une-Rh-positive. Oku kungenxa yokuba usenazo ii-antibodies owazenzayo emva kokufumana umntwana wakho wokuqala. Emva koko, ezo antibodies zinokuwela kwi-placenta zize ziqale ukuhlasela iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ze-Rh-positive zomntwana wesibini. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-Rh . Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana, kude kube yingozi nakubomi bakhe .

Ngubani osengozini yokungahambelani kwe-Rh?

Le ngozi yenzeka xa umama ongenayo i-Rh ethwele umntwana one-Rh . I-Rh factor yomntwana imiselwa ziijini ezizuzwe kumama nakutata.

• Ukuba umama une-Rh-negative (-) kwaye utata une-Rh-positive (+):
• Umntwana usenokuba ne-Rh-positive (+) (ngoko ke kukho umngcipheko wokungahambelani).
• Umntwana usenokuba ne-Rh-negative (-) (kwimeko apho kungekho mngcipheko).
• Ukuba umama une-Rh-negative (-) kwaye utata naye une-Rh-negative (-):
• Umntwana uya kuhlala engenazo iintsholongwane ze-Rh (-). Ngoko ke akukho mngcipheko.
• Ukuba umama une-Rh-positive (+):
• Nokuba utata une-Rh-positive (+) okanye i-Rh-negative (-), umntwana akayi kuba nangxaki ngenxa ye-Rh factor kamama, kuba umzimba kamama awuvelisi ii-antibodies ezichasene naloo protein "yangaphandle".

Ungazi njani i-Rh factor? (Uvavanyo lwe-Rh factor)

Oku kulula kakhulu. Xa ukhulelwe, ungafumanisa ukuba yintoni i-Rh factor yakho ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi (uhlobo kunye novavanyo) kwintlanganiso yakho yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba ukuba une-Rh-negative kwaye umntwana une-Rh-positive, oko kungahambelani kwe-Rh factor esithethe ngako kunokwenzeka.

Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa njani kwe-Rh ukungangqinelani?

Xa ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho wokubelekisa uza kuqala ajonge ukuba awunayo na i-Rh-negative.

• Ukuba une-Rh-positive: Akukho ngxaki. Akukho nto imbi onokuyenza.
• Ukuba awunayo i-Rh kwaye isikrini sakho se-antibody asibonakali: Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika inaliti ye-Rh immune globulin (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-RhoGAM®) . Oku kunikwa ukuthintela ukwakheka kwezo antibodies.
• Olu gonyo ludla ngokunikwa kube kanye , malunga neveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa.
• Elinye idosi linikwa kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuzalwa komntwana (kuphela ukuba umntwana une-Rh-positive).
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kwanasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (umzekelo, ukuba uphuma igazi), ukuba ugqirha ucinga ukuba igazi lakho nelomntwana wakho linokuxutywa, unokunikwa esi sitofu.

Olu gonyo lwe-`(RhoGAM®)` lusebenza njengekhaka elikhuselayo . Luthintela umzimba wakho ekuveliseni ezo antibodies ziyingozi. Olu gonyo lusebenza kakhulu ekunyangeni ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh. Ke ngoko, ukufumanisa le meko kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele uphuhlisile ii-antibodies ze-Rh (i-antibody screen positive), isitofu se-RhoGAM® asiyi kukunceda. Kwimeko enjalo, oogqirha baya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo wena nomntwana wakho kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni babelethe umntwana kwangethuba.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yokungahambelani kwe-Rh?

Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh akumchaphazeli umama okhulelweyo . Nangona kunjalo, kunokuchaphazela umntwana osesibelekweni. Eyona nto iphambili yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic anemia . Ngamafutshane, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zitshintshwa.

Iziphumo zingaqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Ziquka:

• I-Jaundice: Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi .
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo .
• Ukuzalwa efile .

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, iintsana ezineziphumo ezincinci zesifo se-Rh azidingi unyango olukhethekileyo . Ezi ntsana ziphila ngokupheleleyo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, umntwanaKusenokufuneka ukuba umntwana anikwe igazi elitsha. Oku kuthetha ukunika umntwana igazi elitsha. Iintsana ezine-jaundice zinokufakwa phantsi konyango olukhethekileyo lokukhanya (phototherapy) ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-bilirubin, ebangela umbala otyheli. Umntwana usenokufuna ukuzalwa kwangethuba ukuze kuthintelwe i-anemia enzima.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba emva kokufunyanwa kwesitofu sokugonya i-Rh immune globulin, ukwanda kwesifo se-Rh kuye kwehla kakhulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ii-antibodies ziphelile?

Ukuba umzimba womama ongenayo i-Rh uphelelwe zii-antibodies, unyango olune-`(Rh immune globulin)` aluzukusebenza. Yiyo loo nto sithi kubalulekile ukwazi i-Rh factor yakho kwaye ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh kunokuthintelwa?

Ekubeni i-Rh factor ibangelwa yimfuza, asinakukhetha uhlobo lwe-Rh oluza kufunyanwa ngumntwana wethu. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela le ngxaki kukuba umama azi i-Rh factor yakhe, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, afumane isitofu `(RhoGAM®)` ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Oku kumchaphazela njani umama ongenayo i-Rh? (Okokugqibela, into ekufuneka uyazi - Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ukuba ungumama ongenayo i-Rh, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzazi ezi zinto.

Musa ukukhathazeka! Nokuba awunayo i-Rh, ukuba ufumana isitofu `(RhIg)` emva kokuba uchaphazeleke rhoqo ligazi le-Rh (umz., ukuzala, uvavanyo oluthile), ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe nesifo se-Rh. Khumbula, ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh kuchaphazela impilo yomntwana wakho, hayi eyakho.

Ngokubona i-Rh factor yakho kwangethuba, ugqirha wakho angakunika ugonyo lwe-RhIg ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Leyo yindlela engcono yokugcina umntwana wakho esempilweni.

Ukwazi imeko yakho ye-Rh ngexesha lokukhulelwa (kwaye kungcono kwangethuba) kunokunceda ukuthintela iingxaki. Ngethamsanqa, ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya igazi lakho kwangethuba ekukhulelweni kwakho ukuze abone ukuba unayo i-Rh-positive okanye i-Rh-negative. Ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh yingxaki kuphela ukuba unayo i-Rh-negative kwaye umntwana wakho une-Rh-positive. Ugqirha wakho unokunyanga oku ngokukunika inaliti ye-Rh immune globulin (RhIg).

Ngoko ke, ungoyiki okanye ukhathazeke ngokungeyomfuneko. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunyamekela kakuhle wena nomntwana wakho, aze akunike lonke unyango olufunekayo. Okufuneka ukwenze kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngqo kwaye uye kuhlolwa rhoqo. Emva koko uya kuba nethuba elikhulu lokuba nomntwana osempilweni!

` Rh factor, Rhesus factor, ukukhulelwa, uhlobo lwegazi, Rh negative, Rh positive, Rh ukungangqinelani, ii-antibodies, RhoGAM, umntwana