Ingaba kukho iqhuma emzimbeni? Ingaba liyalimaza amathambo akho? Ngaba yi-sarcoma? Masifumanise!

Ngaba ukhe waphawula iqhuma elitsha emzimbeni wakho elingonzakaliyo, kodwa liyoyikisa kancinci? Okanye ubusoloko uziva iintlungu ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni yakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo ixesha elide? Ngamanye amaxesha asizihoyi kangako ezi zinto, kodwa kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Sarcoma' . Abantu abaninzi bayaxhalaba xa besiva eli gama, kuba linqabile kancinci. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeSarcoma, ithetha ukuthini, indlela ekhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kwaye ingaba kukho unyango, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iSarcoma?

Ngamafutshane, iSarcoma sisimila esibi, oko kukuthi, umhlaza, esikhula emathanjeni okanye kwizicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba wethu. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba le zicubu ezithambileyo zenzelwe ntoni. Izicubu ezithambileyo zizinto ezixhasa ezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni wethu. Umzekelo:

• Izihlunu (inyama)
• Amafutha
• Iitendon (izicubu ezidibanisa izihlunu namathambo)
• I-Cartilage (izicubu ezithambileyo ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezifana namalungu)
• Iiligamenti (izicubu ezidibanisa amathambo kunye)
• Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi)
• Imiva

Olu hlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-sarcoma aluqhelekanga kangako. Ukuba sithatha inani lilonke lomhlaza oluvela kubantu abadala, i-sarcoma incinci, malunga ne-1%. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-15% yomhlaza owenzeka ebantwaneni ingaba yi-sarcoma. Kwilizwe elifana neMelika, malunga ne-16,000 yamatyala amatsha e-sarcoma axelwa minyaka le. Kula matyala, malunga ne-4,000 zii-sarcomas ezikhula emathanjeni, kwaye malunga ne-13,000 zii-sarcomas ezikhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo.

I-sarcoma idla ngokuvela phi?

Khawucinge nje, le sarcoma inokukhula naphi na emzimbeni wethu, ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni zethu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindawo ezimbalwa apho ixhaphake kakhulu khona:

• Malunga nama-40 ekhulwini (40%) azo afumaneka ezinyaweni zethu (emilenzeni, emaqatheni, ezinyaweni).
• Malunga ne-15% (15%) ibandakanya izandla (amahlombe, iingalo, izihlathi, iminwe).
• Malunga nama-30 ekhulwini (30%) akwiindawo ezifana nomzimba wethu, isifuba, isisu, kunye ne-pelvis.
• Malunga neshumi elinesihlanu ekhulwini (15%) zichaphazela intloko nentamo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeSarcoma?

I-Sarcoma ayilohlobo olunye nje kuphela. Ligama elibanzi leqela elikhulu leemhlaza ezikhula emathanjeni nakwizicwili ezithambileyo. Enyanisweni, kuchongwe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-70 ze-sarcoma. Inzima kakhulu, akunjalo? Makhe sijonge iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.

1. I-Bone Sarcomas

Lo ngumhlaza oqala ngqo emathanjeni (`i-primary bone sarcoma`). Ngaphezulu kwesithathu kolu hlobo lwe-sarcoma lufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Inokubonwa nakubantwana.

Ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ze-bone sarcoma zezi:

• I-Osteosarcoma(Olu lolona hlobo lubonwa kakhulu)
• I-Chondrosarcoma
• I-Chordoma
• I-sarcoma ka-Ewing
• I-Fibrosarcoma

Kubalulekile: Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezikhula emathanjeni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bone sarcoma. Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli zomhlaza eziqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ezifana nemiphunga, amabele, okanye i-thyroid) zinokuhamba ngegazi zize zisasazeke emathanjeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastatic bone cancer . Oku kwahlukile kumhlaza wamathambo oyintloko.

2. IiSarcomas zeZicwiki ezithambileyo

Ezi ziqala kwimisipha yethu okanye kwezinye izicubu ezidityanisiweyo emzimbeni. Ngokungafaniyo ne-bone sarcoma, i-soft tissue sarcoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne -rhabdomyosarcoma, zixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-soft tissue sarcoma:

• I-Angiosarcoma
• Iithumba ezincinci ze-Desmoplastic ezijikelezayo
• I-Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
• I-Leiomyosarcoma
• I-Liposarcoma
• Ithumba le-nerve sheath elibi elivela kwi-peripheral nerve sheath
• I-schwannoma enobungozi
• I-Myxofibrosarcoma
• I-Synovial sarcoma
• I-sarcoma ye-pleomorphic engachazwanga

Jonga ukuba zingaphi iintlobo ezikhoyo! Uhlobo kunye neendlela zonyango zale nye kwezi zinokwahluka kancinci.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-sarcoma?

I-Sarcoma inokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. I-Soft tissue sarcoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. I-Bone sarcoma, kwelinye icala, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana, kubantu abadala abaselula, nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba i-bone sarcoma ixhaphake kancinci kumadoda nakubantu abamnyama okanye abangamaHispanic.

Kutheni le nto ikhula le sarcoma? Yintoni unobangela wayo?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. I-Sarcoma ikhula xa utshintsho oluthile lusenzeka kulwazi lwemfuza (i-DNA) lweeseli zamathambo ezingavuthwanga okanye iiseli zezicubu ezithambileyo emzimbeni wethu, kwaye ezo seli ziba ziiseli zomhlaza. Emva koko ezi seli zomhlaza ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli ziyadibana ukuze zenze ithumba. Eli thumba likhula kancinci kancinci kwaye linokonakalisa kwaye lingene kwiiseli eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.

Ukuba oku akuphathwanga kakuhle, iiseli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ngegazi okanye ngenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic.Umhlaza ungahamba uye kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba uze ubangele iithumba ezintsha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis , okanye ukusasazeka komhlaza. Ukunyanga umhlaza osasazeke ngolu hlobo kunzima kakhulu.

Njengakwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, abaphandi abakafumani sizathu sicacileyo sokuba kutheni iseli ephilileyo ngequbuliso iba yiseli ye-sarcoma.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-sarcoma?

Nangona kungekho sizathu sithe ngqo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi eziye zachongwa ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-sarcoma. Nazi:

• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezifana ne-arsenic, ezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki (umz. i-vinyl chloride monomer), iiherbicides (umz. i-phenoxyacetic acid), kunye nezigcini zomthi (umz. ii-chlorophenols).
• Ukukhanya: Ukuvezwa kwimitha ephezulu yokukhanya njengonyango lwangaphambili lomnye umhlaza.
• I-Lymphedema: Ukudumba kweengalo okanye imilenze ixesha elide.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza: Ezinye iimeko zemfuza kunye notshintsho lwe-chromosome zizuzwa njengelifa. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Gardner syndrome, i-Werner syndrome, isifo se-von Hippel-Lindau, i-Gorlin syndrome, i-tuberous sclerosis, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, i-retinoblastoma, kunye ne-neurofibromatosis type 1. Ezi ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Ukuba nezi zinto zinobungozi akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba ne-sarcoma. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.

Zithini iimpawu zeSarcoma? Uyibona njani?

Iimpawu ze-sarcoma zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umhlaza ukhoyo. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-sarcomas zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Ezinye zinokuvakala ngathi liqhuma elingenabuhlungu phantsi kolusu. Nangona kunjalo, intlungu iqala ukuvela kuphela xa iqhuma likhula kwaye licinezela imithambo-luvo kunye namalungu akufutshane.

Kwelinye icala, ezinye ii-sarcomas zinokubangela iintlungu ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokudumba emathanjeni engalo okanye emlenzeni . Le ntlungu inokuba nkulu kakhulu ebusuku . Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuhambisa ingalo okanye umlenze wakho nokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Iqhuma elitsha okanye ukudumba (oku kusenokuba buhlungu okanye kungabi buhlungu).
• Intlungu engachazekiyo engalweni, emlenzeni, esiswini, okanye esinqeni.
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa ingalo okanye umlenze (umz., ukuqhwalela, ukushukuma okulinganiselweyo).
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Intlungu yomqolo (ingakumbi ukuba umhlaza ukwisihlunu somqolo).

Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukucinga ukuba yi-sarcoma kuba nje unesibonakaliso esifana nesi. Nangona kunjalo, kububulumko ukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-sarcoma? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka enze uvavanyo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukuba une-sarcoma kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwayo. Uvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu yi-biopsy.

I-biopsy ibandakanya ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu sethumba lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu. Apho, ingcali ebizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist ihlola isicubu phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba sinazo na iiseli zomhlaza, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwe-sarcoma. Olu lwazi luya kunceda ekumiseleni unyango olungcono kuwe.

Ezinye iimvavanyo zezi:

• I-X-reyi: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yamathambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kuthatha uthotho lwee-X-rays kwaye kudala imibono enqamlezileyo yangaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba. Ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga ebonwa kwi-X-ray, ungacelwa ukuba wenze i-MRI.
• Ukuskena amathambo: Kule meko, kufakwa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe emzimbeni ukunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki emathanjeni (ezifana ne-bone sarcoma).
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Oku kusebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweglucose. Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezifana neeseli zomhlaza, zisebenzisa iglucose eninzi, olu vavanyo lunokubonisa iindawo zomzimba apho amanqanaba eglucose aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga (apho kunokubakho iithumba).

Zimiselwa njani izigaba ze-sarcoma?

Ukuchonga inqanaba lomhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunceda ukuqonda ubunzulu bomhlaza kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zonyango. Uninzi lwee-sarcomas zahlulwe ngokwenkqubo yokwahlulwahlulwa kwe-TNM :

• T (Ithumba): Oku kubhekisa kubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba eliphambili lomhlaza.
• N (Amaqhuqhuva): Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane .
• M (Metastasis): Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na (usasazeke) kwezinye izitho ezikude emzimbeni.

Ukongeza, oogqirha banika umhlaza amanqaku (iBanga - G).Oku kubhekisa kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezifana okanye ezahluke ngayo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, okukhona iiseli zomhlaza zifana neeseli eziqhelekileyo, kokukhona i-prognosis ingcono.

Besebenzisa lonke olu lwazi, oogqirha bafumanisa inqanaba le-sarcoma (inani eliqala ku-1 ukuya ku-4). Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza ukhula kakhulu kwindawo okanye usasazeke emzimbeni wonke.

Iindlela zokumisela inqanaba zinokwahluka kancinci kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-sarcoma. Ngoko ke, vula ugqirha wakho malunga nenqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunye nendlela eliza kuyichaphazela ngayo unyango lwakho kunye nokuchacha kwixesha elizayo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweSarcoma?

Xa kunyangwa i-sarcoma, akusiyo nje ugqirha omnye, kodwa liqela leengcali ezisebenzisanayo. Eli qela linokubandakanya oogqirha botyando, iingcali ze-radiology, iingcali ze-genetics, iingcali ze-oncologist zonyango, iingcali ze-radiation oncologists, iingcali ze-pathologists, iingcali zabantwana (zee-cancer zabantwana), iingcali zengqondo, kunye nabasebenzi bezentlalo.

Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka:

• Uhlobo lweSarcoma.
• Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba.
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi.
• Nokuba i-sarcoma isandula ukufunyanwa okanye sele ivele yaza yabuya (iphinda ivele).

Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

1. Utyando

Kule meko, oogqirha bazama ukususa zonke iiseli zomhlaza ngelixa begcina izicubu ezisempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ithumba lisuswa ngomda ongalunganga wezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze ithumba ('ukususwa kwendawo yonke'). Oku kuzama ukususa iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci kakhulu, ezincinci ngaphandle kokushiya naziphi na.

Ngamanye amaxesha, indawo echaphazelekayo kufuneka yakhiwe ngokutsha. Kwi-limb saved surgery, i-tumor iyasuswa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-joint yakhiwa ngokutsha ngokufakelwa isinyithi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ithambo elivela kwenye indawo yomzimba okanye kwenye i-graft lingasetyenziswa ukutshintsha ithambo elisusiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukhetho olukhuselekileyo nolungcono kukususa i-limb echaphazelekayo (ukunqunyulwa). Esi sisigqibo esinzima kakhulu.

2. Unyango lweMisebe

Kule meko, ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Injongo kukunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Unyango lwemitha lunokunikwa ngaphakathi (olufakwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni) okanye ngaphandle (olukhutshwa ngaphandle komzimba ngumatshini). Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bale mihla buvumela ukuba umsebe wemitha uqondiswe ngqo kumhlaza, kugcinwe izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.

Unyango lwemitha olunikezelwa ngaphakathi , olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy , lungasetyenziselwa ii-sarcomas ezingasasazekanga. Lunganikwa nokuba ngexesha lotyando (i-intra-operative radiotherapy) okanye ngeetyhubhu zeplastiki (ii-catheters) emva kotyando (interstitial brachytherapy).

Unyango lwemitha lusetyenziswa nakwiimeko apho umhlaza usasazeke khona (isifo esisasazekayo).

3. Unyango ngamakhemikhali

Oku kusebenzisa amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza ezahlula ngokukhawuleza okanye acothise ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza anokunikwa ngemithambo yegazi okanye njengeepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo. Anikwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy inikwa kunye nonyango lwemitha.

4. Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Olu lunyango oluthile kakhulu. Lusebenzisa amayeza ajolise kubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziphilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lusebenza kuphela kwiintlobo zeeseli zomhlaza ezinezo buthathaka zijoliswe kuzo. Ugqirha wakho unokulucebisa njengonyango olunye okanye ngokudityaniswa nezinye iindlela zonyango.

5. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy / Unyango lweBiologic

Oku kuquka ukuqinisa inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela , ukuyinceda ikwazi ukubona nokulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuzifihla kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, okanye ziyithintele ukuba isebenze. Yiyo loo nto iiseli zomhlaza zikhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni. I-immunotherapy isebenza ngokuthintela ezi ndlela zokuzikhusela zeeseli zomhlaza kwaye incede umzimba wethu ukulwa nomhlaza ngokwawo.

6. Ukususwa kobushushu

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-sarcomas zinokutshatyalaliswa ngokuzifudumeza okanye ukuzikhenkceza . Oku kwenziwa yingcali ye-radiologist ejongene nokungenelela, esebenzisa iskeni (esifana ne-CT scan) ukuze afumane ngokuchanekileyo ithumba aze afake isixhobo esikhethekileyo (iprobe).

7. Ukhathalelo lwentlungu

Olu asilonyango oluphilisa umhlaza. Kodwa lubaluleke kakhulu. Olu lunyango olukhethekileyo lwabantu abanezifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza. Iqela lonyango oluthomalalisayo luquka oogqirha, abahlengikazi, abasebenzi bezentlalo kunye neengcali zesondlo. Basebenza ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.Eli qela likwakunceda ukuba ujongane noxinzelelo kunye nemingeni ehambisana nokuxilongwa komhlaza kwaye ugcine umgangatho wobomi bakho.

8. Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi . Ezi zizifundo ezivavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha lomhlaza. Unyango olutsha lwe-sarcoma luhlala lukwisigaba sophando. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo sakho, olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokuba lukhetho kuwe.

Bunjani ubomi ngeSarcoma? (Izinga lokusinda)

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Kwi-soft tissue sarcoma, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu limalunga ne-81% ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-metastasized). Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zomhlaza we-metastatic, eli nani limalunga ne-15%. Kwi-osteosarcoma, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-bone sarcoma, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu limalunga ne-77% ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga, kwaye kwiimeko zomhlaza we-metastatic, limalunga ne-26%.

Nangona kunjalo, musa ukusekela uqikelelo lwakho kula manani kuphela. Iziphumo zakho ziya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lwe-sarcoma onayo, apho ikhoyo, impilo yakho ngokubanzi, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukwazi iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zemeko yakho.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba uneqhuma elitsha – nokuba libuhlungu okanye alibuhlungu – ingakumbi ukuba lilingana nebhola yegalufa (malunga neesentimitha ezi-5), bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineentlungu zethambo ngaphandle kokwenzakala , kwaye azipheli ngokwazo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Sarcoma ayilohlobo olunye lomhlaza. Liqela leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba ezinokukhula emathanjeni ethu okanye kwizicubu ezithambileyo. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho ithumba likhoyo. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-sarcoma, khumbula ukuba iindlela zonyango lwakho kunye nendlela oza kuqhubeka ngayo esi sifo kwixesha elizayo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela konke oku.

Musa ukoyika, kodwa lumka. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, thetha nogqirha ngayo. Okukhona ifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luya kuphumelela.

I- Sarcoma, umhlaza, umhlaza wamathambo, umhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-Sarcoma