Khawuthelekelele uneentlungu zesisu kancinci, okanye uzive nje ungonwabanga. Sidla ngokwenza ntoni? Mhlawumbi siphumla kancinci, okanye sithatha i-paracetamol size silinde ukuba iphele. Kodwa ucinga ukuba olu phawu luncinci lunokuba sisiqalo sesifo esibi, mhlawumbi umhlaza? Ngaba uziva uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noloyiko xa ucinga ngako? Emva kokuya kugqirha omnye kwaye uxelelwe ukuba "akukho nto ingalunganga", awunakukholelwa kwaye uye koogqirha abaninzi? Ukuba kunjalo, umxholo esiza kuthetha ngawo namhlanje unokuba ubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Makhe sithethe ngemeko yempilo yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Somatic Symptom Disorder' (SSD).
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iSomatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
Oku kungabonakala ngathi yingongoma enzima, kodwa mandikucacisele ngokulula. `Isifo seSomatic Symptom` (SSD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umntu eneneni unempawu zomzimba enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Kodwa uxinzelelo, ixhala, kunye noloyiko abalufumanayo malunga nezo mpawu ziphezulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba esi asisosifo "esicingelwayo." Oko kukuthi, isigulane asizenzi ngathi siso. Enyanisweni siva iintlungu, ukudinwa, okanye ezinye iingxaki zomzimba. Ingxaki ikwindlela umntu asabela ngayo kuloo ntlungu. Umzekelo, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo athi, "Le yi-gastritis eqhelekileyo, akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokuyikhathaza," kodwa umntu one-SSD anokucinga athi, "Hayi, ugqirha akakwazanga ukufumanisa imeko yam, ndinento enzulu ngakumbi, mhlawumbi umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu." Olu loyiko kunye nokuxhalaba okugqithisileyo kunokuphazamisa usuku lwabo lonke, ubomi babo bonke.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Kwi-SSD, ingxaki ayisosimpawu somzimba ngokwaso. Ziingcinga, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha okugqithisileyo nokungalawulekiyo okukhula malunga naso.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye iimeko zengqondo ezifana nale? Masifunde umahluko.
Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha le meko ingadideka nezinye iimeko zengqondo ezifanayo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi umahluko ophambili. Ukuze ukuqonde kakuhle oku, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Imeko yengqondo | Eyona nto iphambili | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|---|
| Ingxaki yeSimpawu zeSomatic (SSD) | Kukho iimpawu zomzimba (umz., iintlungu, ukudinwa). Kukho ixhala kunye noloyiko olugqithisileyo ngayo loo nto. | "Andikwazi kwenza msebenzi ngenxa yale ntlungu yesisu. Oku kumele ukuba sisifo esiyingozi." |
| Isifo Sokuxhalaba (Eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiHypochondriasis) | Amaxesha amaninzi akukho zimpawu zomzimba , okanye ezingabonakaliyo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uloyiko olukhulu lokuba baza kuba nesifo okanye sele benaso. | "Andinangxaki okwangoku. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba ndibe nomhlaza. Ndihlala ndicinga ngayo." |
| Ingxaki yokuguquka (Ingxaki yeSimpawu zeNeurological eziSebenzayo) | Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (umz., ukungaziva, ukuxhuzula, ukungakwazi ukuthetha) ziyenzeka, kodwa uvavanyo lwezonyango alukwazi ukufumana unobangela womzimba . | "Ngequbuliso imilenze yam yaphelelwa ngamandla. Nokuba oogqirha benze luphi uvavanyo, abazange bafumane sizathu." (Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho loyiko lungako malunga nesi sifo apha). |
Zithini iimpawu zemeko ye-SSD?
Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zokuqonda le meko. Enye ziimvakalelo zomzimba, enye ziimpendulo zethu zengqondo nezokuziphatha kuzo.
1. Iimpawu zomzimba
Ezi zinokuba yiyo nantoni na, kodwa ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Intlungu: Olu lolona phawu luphambili noluxhaphakileyo. Ingaba loluphi na uhlobo lwentlungu, njengentloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, umqolo obuhlungu, okanye iintlungu zamalungu.
- Ukudinwa okanye ukudinwa kakhulu: Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuziva ubunzima esifubeni, ukuziva ufuthanisekile.
Ezi mpawu zisenokubangelwa yimeko yempilo (umz. isifo sesisu), okanye zisenokungabi nasizathu sicacileyo.
2. Iingcinga ezigqithisileyo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha
Le yeyona nto iphambili kwisimo se-SSD. Ukuba umntu ubonisa ezi zinto, kuya kufuneka ukhathazeke:
- Uloyiko olugqithisileyo kunye nokuxhalaba: Ukuhlala uziva uloyiko olugqithisileyo kunye nokuxhalaba malunga neempawu zomzimba wakho. Iingcinga ezixhaphakileyo ezinje, "Ndiyazibuza ukuba le ntloko incinci ingaba sisimila sobuchopho."
- Ukucinga okubi kakhulu: Ukucinga ukuba nokuba luphawu oluncinci luphawu lwesifo esibi kakhulu.
- Ukutshintshatshintsha oogqirha rhoqo: Ukusuka komnye ugqirha ukuya komnye, endaweni yokuthemba omnye ugqirha, kufana "nokuthenga oogqirha." Ngamanye amaxesha, unokunyangelwa ngoogqirha abaninzi ngaxeshanye.
- Ukungathembi iziphumo zovavanyo: Nokuba uthatha uvavanyo olungakanani na uze uxelelwe ukuba "akukho ngxaki," awukaneliseki ziziphumo uze ucinge, "Kufuneka ukuba kubekho impazamo kuvavanyo."
- Iingcamango ezingachanekanga ngogqirha: Iimvakalelo ezinje, "Ugqirha wam akandikhathaleli, akaqondi isigulo sam."
- Ukuchitha ixesha namandla: Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla uphanda, ufunda ngeengxaki zakho zempilo kwi-intanethi, kwaye ubona oogqirha.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwabanye: Ukucela rhoqo abanye ukuba bakuncede baze bakukhathalele. Ukuba nomsindo xa olo ncedo lungafumaneki.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla: Ezi mpawu kunye neengcinga ngazo zinokuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, kunye nobomi bosapho.
Kutheni umntu enale meko?
Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba indibaniselwano yezinto zemfuza, ezingqongileyo, nezengqondo zidlala indima. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko ezichongiweyo zezi:
- Amava anzima obuntwana: Ingakumbi ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo ngexesha lobuntwana.
- Ukungahoywa ngabazali: Ukungabikho kolwalathiso olufanelekileyo, uthando, kunye nenkathalo yokuqaphela nokulawula iimvakalelo ngexesha lobuntwana.
- Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Sele unenye imeko yempilo yengqondo, efana nokudakumba okanye ixhala. Malunga nama-30% - 60% abantu abane-SSD banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko okanye enye yezi.
- Iimpawu zobuntu: Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zobuntu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala: Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi okanye utywala.
- Ingqalelo: Umkhwa wokunika ingqalelo egqithisileyo nakwiinguqu ezincinci emzimbeni womntu.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Xa usiya kugqirha ukuze umxelele ngeempawu zakho zomzimba, into yokuqala ayenzayo kukujonga ukuba kukho naziphi na izizathu zomzimba zezo mpawu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uya kuyalela ukuba ahlolwe umzimba, ahlolwe igazi, okanye ezinye "iiskeni".
Emva kwezi mvavanyo,
1. Ukuba akukho sizathu somzimba esifumanekayo seempawu zakho,
2. Okanye, ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba ixhala lakho kunye noxinzelelo lwakho zinkulu kakhulu kunobunzima besifo, nokuba unesifo somzimba,
Angakuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, njengogqirha wengqondo.
Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo iya kuqinisekisa le meko ngokujonga iindlela ezimbalwa ezithile. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-SSD, umntu kufuneka abe neempawu zomzimba eziphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 . Ukongeza, kufuneka abe nenye yezi zilandelayo emva kwezo mpawu:
- Ukucinga ngokugqithisileyo nangokuqhubekayo malunga nobunzima beempawu zomntu.
- Ukuhlala uxhalabile ngempilo okanye iimpawu zakho.
- Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi namandla amaninzi bephanda ngeempawu zabo kunye neengxaki zempilo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho unyango lwesi sifo. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zomzimba ngelixa kunyangwa neengxaki zengqondo ezinxulumene noko.
- Unyango lwengqondo: Le yindlela yonyango ephambili neyona isebenzayo. Nalapha, indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy' (CBT) iyasebenza kakhulu.
- Amayeza: Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angakunika amayeza anjengee-antidepressants ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo okanye ixhala. Ukongeza ekuphuculeni imo yengqondo, la mayeza afunyenwe enceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zomzimba ezifana neentlungu, ukudinwa, kunye nokungalali.
- Yakha ubudlelwane bokuthembana nogqirha omnye: Gcina ugqirha ofanayo nogqirha wakho oyintloko. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela uvavanyo olungeyomfuneko kunye nokutyelelwa ngugqirha.
- Bona ugqirha wakho ngexesha: Bona ugqirha wakho kwiintsuku ezicwangcisiweyo ukuze uthethe ngeempawu zakho zomzimba kunye nendlela ohlangabezana ngayo nazo.
- Qhagamshelana nengcali yezempilo yengqondo rhoqo: Bonana nogqirha wengqondo okanye umcebisi rhoqo ukuze ulawule iimpawu zakho zengqondo, ezinje ngexhala kunye noloyiko.
- Ukuzilolonga kunye neendlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo: Ukuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi efana neyoga, ukucamngca, kunye nokuzilolonga kancinci kunokuba luncedo engqondweni yakho nakumzimba wakho.
- Isifo seSomatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) asiso "isifo esenziweyo." Sisifo sengqondo sokwenyani esinxulunyaniswa neempawu zomzimba zokwenyani esifuna unyango.
- Kule meko, ingxaki ephambili ayizompawu zomzimba, kodwa kukuxhalaba okugqithisileyo, uloyiko, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha ezivela ngenxa yoko.
- Ukuthenga rhoqo oogqirha kunye novavanyo olungeyomfuneko kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubudlelwane bokuthembana nogqirha omnye.
- Unyango lokuthetha, ingakumbi i-CBT, lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu ekulawuleni le meko.
- Musa ukoyika ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu zakho zomzimba, kunye noloyiko lwakho kunye nokuxhalaba ngazo. Ukufumana uncedo olufanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lokuchacha.
I-CBT ikunceda nje ukuba ubone kwaye utshintshe iindlela zokucinga ezigqwethekileyo (ezingalunganga) onazo malunga neempawu zakho. Umzekelo, endaweni yokucinga, "Ndinentloko ebuhlungu kuba ndinesifo somhlaza wengqondo," ungaziqhelanisa nokucinga ngendlela enengqondo, njengokuthi, "Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba andizange ndisele manzi aneleyo." Oku kuya kukunceda:
- Nciphisa uloyiko kunye nexhala malunga neempawu.
- Yeka ukucinga rhoqo ngeengxaki zakho zomzimba.
- Fumana iindlela zokuhlala ungumntu ohlala naye kwaye usebenza, nokuba usentlungwini.
- Yenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla kakuhle.
Izinto onokuzenza wena kunye nekamva lakho
I-SSD idla ngokuba yimeko engapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zinokuphela okwethutyana zize ziphinde zibuye. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu zabo kwaye luphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unale meko, ukulandela la manyathelo kuya kukunceda kakhulu ekuchacheni kwakho:
Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile ziimpawu zakho zomzimba kangangokuba awukwazi ukusebenza ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, musa ukubandezeleka wedwa. Bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula, le yimeko enokunyangwa, njengayo nayiphi na isifo somzimba.
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