Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba udinga "ukufakelwa i-stem cell" okanye "ukufakelwa i-bone marrow," usenokuziva usoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Ukuva la mazwi kunokubonakala ngathi yinto enkulu, enzima, nebuhlungu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula kakhulu , njengokuthetha nomhlobo, ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Okokuqala, masibone, zithini ezi stem cells?
Ngamafutshane, ii-stem cells "zii-master cells" emizimbeni yethu. Zii-fektri ezinokwenza phantse zonke ezinye iiseli emizimbeni yethu. Ngokukodwa, ii-stem cells kwi-bone marrow yethu zezona mveliso ziphambili ezenza igazi lethu. Ii-red blood cells, ii-white blood cells, kunye nee-platelets egazini lakho zonke zenziwe ngezi-stem cells.
Ngoko ke, logama nje le fektri isebenza kakuhle, akukho nto ingalunganga ngegazi lethu. Kodwa ngenxa yezinye izifo, umzekelo, iimeko zomhlaza ezifana ne-leukemia, okanye ezinye izifo ezinxulumene negazi, le fektri isenokuphelelwa lithemba. Oko kuthetha ukuba iqala ukwenza iiseli ezinesifo ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwe-chemotherapy oluphezulu lomhlaza lunokutshabalalisa ezi seli ziphilileyo.
Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem yinkqubo yokususa le "fektri" yonakeleyo okanye etshabalalisiweyo uze uyitshintshe ngefektri entsha, ephilileyo, oko kukuthi, iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo, oko kukuthi, ukuzibuyisela emzimbeni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zolu tshintsho:
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem, kuxhomekeke kumthombo weeseli.
1. Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ii-stem cells zakho eziphilileyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba uza kunyangwa nge-chemotherapy ephezulu yomhlaza. Ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale, ugqirha wakho uza kuqokelela ii-stem cells eziphilileyo emzimbeni wakho aze azigcine ngokukhuselekileyo kwifriji. Emva koko, emva kokuba i-chemotherapy izibulele ii-cancer cells, ziza kubuyisela ii-stem cells zakho eziphilileyo emzimbeni wakho. Kufana nokugcina iifayile ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokufomatha ikhompyutha yakho, uze uzibuyisele emva kokufomatha.
2. Ukufakelwa kwe-Allogeneic: Kule meko, kuba kukho ingxaki ngeeseli zakho ze-stem (umz. i-leukemia), iiseli ze-stem ezivela komnye umntu ophilileyo (umnikeli) zifakwa kuwe. Lo mnikeli unokuba lilungu losapho (umnakwenu/udadewenu), okanye nabani na onohlobo lwezicubu ezihambelanayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukufaniswa kwezicubu.Njengokufaniswa kweqela legazi xa kunikelwa ngegazi, apha iintlobo zezicubu zifaniswa ngendlela entsonkothileyo nangakumbi.
| Uhlobo loTyalo-zityalo | Zifunyanwa kubani iiseli? (Umthombo weeseli) | Iimeko ezisetyenziswa rhoqo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous | Kumguli ngokwakhe (kusuka kuwe) | Kweminye imihlaza efana ne-lymphoma, i-multiple myeloma, kunye nezinye izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba. |
| Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic | Kusuka kumnikeli ohambelanayo | Kwi-leukemia, i-aplastic anemia, kunye nezifo zokungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wethambo. |
Kwenziwa njani oku kufakelwa isilwanyana? Ingaba kubuhlungu?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawoyikayo. Enyanisweni, ukufakelwa i-stem cell akuyondlela inkulu yotyando. Cinga ngawo ngokungathi unikwa isisombululo se-saline. Le yinto efanayo.
Ezi seli ze-stem zinikwa ngetyhubhu ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-central venous catheter , efakwa kumthambo wegazi oyintloko esifubeni okanye entanyeni yakho. Ezi seli zifakwa ebhegini zize zifakwe emzimbeni wakho, njengokuba ubuya kwenza xa utofelwa igazi. Le nkqubo ingathatha iiyure ezininzi. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo.
Awuyi kuva ntlungu xa unikwa iiseli. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokungonwabi) ngenxa yonyango lwe-chemotherapy olunikwe ngaphambili. Kodwa ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza afunekayo okulawula zonke ezi zinto.
Zithini iingozi kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho?
Njengakweminye imithi, kukho iingozi ezithile. Eyona ngozi inkulu kukuba isifo singabuya emva kokufakelwa. Nangona kunjalo, loo ngozi iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Enye ingxaki ethile enokwenzeka, ingakumbi kwimeko yokufakelwa kwe-allogeneic (iiseli ezithathwe komnye umntu), ibizwa ngokubaIbizwa ngokuba yiGraft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). Ngamafutshane, oku kuxa iiseli zomzimba ezenziwe ngeeseli ze-stem zomnikeli osandul’ ukuzityala emzimbeni wakho ziqonda izicubu zomzimba wakho njenge "zangaphandle" kwaye ziqale ukuzihlasela. Kufana nabagcini bomzimba abatsha abahlasela usapho lwakho. Kukho unyango lokulawula oku.
Ukongeza, kukho umngcipheko wosulelo olwahlukeneyo (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi) njengoko inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isiya ibuthathaka.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokufakelwa isidoda oye wakwenza.
- Umntu oye wafakelwa iseli lakhe (iiseli zakhe) unokuphila emva kweenyanga ezimbini.
- Kungathatha iinyanga eziliqela ukuya kunyaka ukuba umntu oye wafakelwa i-allogeneic (iiseli ezinikelayo) aphile ngokupheleleyo.
Eli xesha lokuphiliswa lixesha apho ii-stem cells ezisandula ukuxutywa ziya khona ziye kumongo wethambo, zihlale apho (ingraftment), kwaye ziqale ukwenza ii-blood cells ezintsha eziphilileyo. Iintsuku zokuqala ezili-100 emva kokufakelwa i-allogeneic zibaluleke kakhulu. Oogqirha banokukucebisa ukuba uhlale kufutshane nesibhedlele ngeli xesha.
Izinto onokuzenzela zona ngexesha lokuchacha
Olu luhambo olude, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzikhathalele kakuhle ngeli xesha.
- Phatha ulusu lwakho njengolomntwana: Ulusu lwakho lunokuba nobuthathaka kakhulu emva konyango. Sebenzisa isepha kunye neeshampu ezithambileyo. Gcina ulusu lwakho lufumile kwaye uzikhusele xa uphuma elangeni.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Yitya inyama ephekiweyo kakuhle, intlanzi, imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo. Kuphephe ukutya iisaladi eziluhlaza, iziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga, amaqanda aluhlaza, kunye nobisi olungagayiwanga nge-basteur ngeli xesha kuba zinokubangela usulelo.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Ziphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye neendawo apho abantu bagula khona. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi izitofu omele uzifumane.
- Nyamekela amazinyo akho: Ndwendwela ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6. Gcina ucoceko lomlomo wakho lucocekile.
- Phumla ngokwaneleyo: Ngezinye iintsuku uza kuziva udiniwe kakhulu. Ngezinye iintsuku uza kuziva uphilile. Musa ukukhathazeka ngokuba nosuku oludinisayo, luphawu nje lokuba umzimba wakho ufuna ukuphumla.
- Cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uphantsi kwaye uphantsi ngokweemvakalelo ngeli xesha. Ukuba uziva uphantsi, thetha nogqirha wakho, usapho lwakho, kwaye ucele uncedo kumcebisi ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukuba unale mpawu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, yazisa iqela lakho lezonyango ngoko nangoko.
| Uphawu | Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda | Ubushushu bomzimba obungaphezulu kwama-38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit), ukugodola, ukukhohlela, kunye nokukhupha i-sputum . |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye iintlungu esifubeni. |
| Utshintsho lolusu | Amaqhakuva asandul’ ukubonakala, i-eczema, okanye irhashalala. |
| Utshintsho ekuchameni | Ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukutshisa okanye intlungu ngexesha lokuchama. |
| Okunye | Ukuba nesiyezi , ukuhlanza, urhudo, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga. |
Kumntu onengxaki yomhlaza okanye isifo segazi, ukufakelwa i-stem cell kunokuba ngamava atshintsha ubomi. Kodwa ayilulo uhambo olulula. Lufuna amandla amaninzi omzimba nengqondo. Ukuba ucinga ngolu nyango, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngalo kwaye uqonde izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Baza kukunika icebiso elihle ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa i-stem cell lunyango olusindisa ubomi olunokunyanga okanye lulawule izifo ezinzulu. Ayilotyando olukhulu, yinkqubo efana nokunika isisombululo se-saline.
- Olu luhambo olude. Kuthatha ixesha ukuphiliswa. Ngeli xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzinyamekele kakuhle. Ingakumbi qaphela ucoceko kunye nesondlo.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu) emva konyango, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo neqela lakho lezonyango ngazo zonke izinto oza kuzitya, amathandabuzo, nemibuzo onayo. Bakho ukukunceda. Awuwedwa kolu hambo.
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