Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi umntwana omncinci, unesifo seswekile, uziva uloyiko olukhulu kwaye wothukile, akunjalo? Kufuneka ufake i-insulin yonke imihla, ulawule ukutya kwakho, kwaye ujonge iswekile yakho rhoqo... Sonke siyazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuphila nezinto ezinje. Kodwa, kwimeko yesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, ngoku kukho unyango olutsha olunokulibazisa ukuqala kweempawu ngeminyaka eliqela, oko kukuthi, ukulibazisa ukuqala kweempawu, ubuya kukholelwa? Ewe, namhlanje sithetha ngaloo themba litsha.
Okokuqala, masibone ukuba yintoni isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1?
Xa kufikwa kwisifo seswekile, uninzi lwabantu kwilizwe lethu bayazi ngesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Sidla ngokubangelwa ngabantu abadala kunye nendlela yokuphila engeyiyo esempilweni. Kodwa isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 sahlukile.
Ngamafutshane, umzimba wethu unelungu elibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas. Ziiseli ezikhethekileyo kule pancreas ezivelisa i-hormone ebalulekileyo ye-insulin . Umsebenzi we-insulin kukunceda iiseli zomzimba zithathe iswekile (i-glucose) eyongezwa egazini ekutyeni esikutyayo zize ziyisebenzisele ukwenza amandla. Kufana nokuvula ucango ngesitshixo.
Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezilungileyo ezenza i-insulin ngempazamo. Emva koko umzimba awuvelisi i-insulin oyidingayo. Ngoko ke, amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyuka ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Esi sisifo esingenakunyangwa kwaye sifuna inaliti ye-insulin imihla ngemihla ubomi bonke.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Indlela umzimba oziphilisa ngayo
Khawucinge nje ngomonakalo onokubakho ukuba umkhosi welizwe lethu ubungahlasela ngempazamo abantu abamsulwa kwilizwe lethu. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. "Umkhosi" okhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela , uyacaphuka ngenxa yesizathu esithile uze uqalise ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas yethu, sicinga ukuba "ziintshaba." Sizibiza ezi zifo apho umzimba uzihlasela khona izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba .
Oku akwenzeki ngaxeshanye. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kwenzeka kancinci, kumanqanaba aliqela. Rhoqo, xa kuvela iimpawu, uninzi lweeseli ezivelisa i-insulin sele zitshatyalalisiwe.
Amanqanaba amathathu esi sifo (Amanqanaba e-T1D)
Uphuhliso lwesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 lunokwahlulwahlulwa ngokucacileyo lube ngamanqanaba amathathu. Oku kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuba ujonge itafile.
| Iqonga | Kwenzekani | Iimpawu kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini |
|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukuhlasela iiseli ezenza i-insulin, kodwa i-insulin eyaneleyo isaveliswa. | Akukho zimpawu. Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aqhelekile. |
| Inqanaba lesi-2 | Njengoko ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli kuqhubeka, imveliso ye-insulin iyancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima emzimbeni ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile. | Akukho zimpawu zicacileyo okwangoku. Kodwa inqanaba leswekile egazini liphezulu (elingaqhelekanga). Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo olukhethekileyo. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Inani elikhulu leeseli ezivelisa i-insulin liyatshatyalaliswa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile. | Iimpawu ezicacileyo ziyavela. Ukuchama rhoqo, ukoma kakhulu, indlala, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu kuyacaca. Esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kweli nqanaba. |
Ithemba elitsha: Iziyobisi zeTeplizumab (Tzield)
Olu nyango lutsha lukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili lunokunikwa abo bakwinqanaba lesi-2, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu, kodwa iswekile yabo egazini iphezulu. Igama lale yeza yiTeplizumab (Tzield) .
Kwenzeka ntoni ngale yeza?
Oku kufana nomxolisi. Eli yeza lichaphazela inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Liyawenza buthathaka "amajoni" aziphatha kakubi kwaye ezama ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin. Emva koko ezo seli azinawo amandla okonakalisa i-pancreas. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli ezilungileyo eziseleyo zikhuselwe okwethutyana kwaye ziqhubeka nokuvelisa i-insulin efunekayo emzimbeni.
Isifo singalibaziseka ixesha elingakanani?
Njengoko uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisile, olu nyango lukwazile ukulibazisa ukuqhubela phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lesi-3, inqanaba apho iimpawu zibonakala khona, ngomyinge weminyaka emibini . Kwabanye abantu, lunokulibaziseka ixesha elide nangakumbi.
Iyintoni ixabiso lokwenyani lokulibazisa isifo?
Usenokucinga, "Yiminyaka emibini kuphela, yintoni injongo yayo?" Kodwa elo xesha lixabiseke kakhulu, ingakumbi kubomi bomntwana.
- Ukukhululeka kumthwalo wemihla ngemihla: Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo eminye iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kokufaka i-insulin yonke imihla, ukuhlaba umnwe wakho ukujonga iswekile egazini lakho, okanye ukuxhalabela ukutya.
- Impilo-ntle yengqondo: Kumntwana okanye umntu osemtsha, ngeli xesha ukukhululeka nabahlobo bakhe, ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokuthi "Ndinesifo seswekile," kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uphuhliso lomzimba: Ngeli xesha lokungabi nazimpawu, uphuhliso lomzimba nengqondo yomntwana lwenzeka ngesiqhelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
- Ixesha lokulungiselela: Nangona esi sifo singenakuphepheka, usapho lunexesha lokujongana naso, lufunde ngaso, kwaye lulungiselele ngengqondo nangokomsebenzi.
- Ukulibazisa iingxaki: Oku kukwalibazisa ukuqala kweengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide (umonakalo wamehlo, wezintso, kunye nemithambo-luvo) ezinokubakho ngenxa yesifo seswekile.
Ngubani olu nyango lufanelekileyo kwaye yintoni ekufuneka uyazi
Olu asilonyango olunokunikwa wonke umntu. Eli yeza okwangoku livunyiwe ukuba lisetyenziswe:
- Kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwesibhozo ubudala .
- Kwabo bakwinqanaba lesi-2 lesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1.
Oku akusinyangi ngokupheleleyo esi sifo. Kulibazisa kuphela ukuqala kweempawu. Kwakhona, ukuze umntu afumane olu nyango, kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo nokuba ukwiqela elisengozini okanye ukwinqanaba lesi-2.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninokuba semngciphekweni wesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 (umzekelo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1), kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Angenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze agqibe ukuba olu hlobo lonyango lukulungele na. Eli linyathelo eliya phambili kwihlabathi letekhnoloji.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uhlobo loku-1 lwesifo seswekile yimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli zayo ezivelisa i-insulin.
- Esi sifo asibonakali ngaxeshanye; sikhula ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zibonakala kwinqanaba lesithathu.
- Iyeza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yiTeplizumab (Tzield) linokulibazisa ukuqala kweempawu malunga neminyaka emibini kubantu abanesifo sesigaba sesi-2.
- Eli xesha linika isigulana "ixesha lasimahla" elixabisekileyo engqondweni nasemzimbeni.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho usengozini yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaso.
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