Ngaba wakha waziva ngequbuliso uvakalelwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga entliziyweni yakho ngaphandle kwesizathu? Njengokuziva ngathi ukhe waziva unesifo se-déjà vu, okanye ukuziva ungaqhelekanga esiswini sakho. Usenokuba ubungazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kufutshane nawe okwethutyana. Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekile, ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangelwa lutshintsho oluncinci kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye imeko enjalo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE).
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTemporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)?
I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) luhlobo lokuxhuzula (ukuqina) okubangelwa ngumsebenzi ongaqhelekanga wombane kwinxalenye yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Temporal Lobe'. Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni le 'Temporal Lobe'.
Ezi lobes zimbini zexesha zifumaneka kumacala omabini engqondo yethu, ngasemva kwezidlele naphambi kancinci kweendlebe. Le nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
- Iinkumbulo: Oku kusinceda sikhumbule kwaye sikhumbule izinto esizifundayo, iinkumbulo zethu zakudala.
- Izandi: Sincede siqonde oko sikuvayo.
- Umbono: Usinceda sibone oko sikubonayo.
- Intetho nolwimi: Eli candelo libalulekile ekuqondeni oko sikuthethayo noko kuthethwa ngabanye.
Ukongeza kwezi zinto, ikwalawula izinto ezininzi ezingalawulwa ngabom, ezifana nendlala, unxano, impendulo yokulwa okanye yokubaleka, iimvakalelo zethu, kunye neemvakalelo zesondo.
Ngoko ke, i-TLE kukuxhuzula okwenzeka kule ndawo ibalulekileyo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuxhuzula kubantu abadala, oluqala kwindawo ethile yengqondo (i-focal epilepsy). Ungakhathazeki, le meko inokulawulwa kakuhle.
Ngaba kubalulekile ukuba ungowasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene kwengqondo?
Ewe, iimpawu kunye nemiphumo yexesha elide zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ukulingana kuqala kwi-lobe ye-temporal yasekhohlo okanye kwi-lobe ye-temporal yasekunene yengqondo.
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula Esikwi-Left Temporal Lobe: Kubantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abantu abasebenzisa isandla sasekunene, icala lasekhohlo lelona cala liphambili lobuchopho elibandakanyeka kulwimi nakwintetho. Ngoko ke, abantu abane-TLE kwicala lasekhohlo banokufumana iingxaki ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinje ngobunzima bokukhumbula amagama ezinto, ubunzima bokufumana amagama afanelekileyo okuwathetha, kunye notshintsho kwiimvakalelo.
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula Esikwi-Right Temporal Lobe: Abantu abane-right temporal lobe epilepsy abanangxaki ingako ngolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba nobunzima bokukhumbula iimpawu ezingezizo ezomlomo (ezifana nobuso neendlela). Basenokutshintsha iimvakalelo zabo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-TLE?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-TLE, kuxhomekeke kwindawo echanekileyo apho ukulingana kuqala khona.
1. I-Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE): Igama elithi "Mesial" lithetha "umbindi." Kolu hlobo lwe-epilepsy, ukuxhuzula kuqala ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane ne-hippocampus, isakhiwo esikwindawo enzulu ngaphakathi kwe-temporal lobe. I-hippocampus ifana nethala leencwadi elincinci apho iinkumbulo zethu zigcinwa khona. Uninzi lwabantu abane-TLE lunolu hlobo lwe-MTLE.
2. I-Neocortical (okanye i-Lateral) Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Kule meko, ukulingana kuqala kwinxalenye engaphandle ye-temporal lobe.
Zithini iimpawu ze-TLE? Ifunyaniswa njani?
Iimpawu ze-TLE zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini. Enye ziimpawu zangaphambi kokubanjwa ezenzeka ngaphambi kokubanjwa. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'aura'. Enye inxalenye ziimpawu ezenzeka ngexesha lokubanjwa.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ayinguye wonke umntu oziva le 'aura'. I-'aura' ithetha ukuba umntu ukhawuleza alale. Ngelo xesha, uziva uphaphile, kodwa uziva iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga. Oku kungathatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu emibini.
Makhe sijonge ezi mpawu ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
| Iimpawu ze-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) | |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lophawu | Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo |
| Iimpawu zazivakala ngaphambi kokuba umntu ajike (Aura) | |
| Iimvakalelo zengqondo ezingaqhelekanga | I-Déjà vu: Imvakalelo eqhelekileyo, ngokungathi oku kuye kwenzeka ngaphambili. IJamais vu: Indawo eqhelekileyo, apho umntu aziva ngathi ngumntu angamaziyo. Inkumbulo endala ifika ngequbuliso engqondweni. |
| Iimvakalelo ezingalindelekanga | Ukuziva ngequbuliso uloyiko olukhulu, ixhala, umsindo, usizi, okanye ulonwabo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Iimvakalelo zomzimba | Ukugquma okungaqhelekanga okanye ukuziva unesicaphucaphu esiswini (njengokukhwela i-roller coaster). |
| Utshintsho lweemvakalelo | Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuva, yokubona, yokuvumba, yokungcamla, okanye yokuchukumisa, luba namandla kakhulu. Usenokude unuke into engekhoyo. |
| Iimpawu ezenzekayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa | |
| Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukutshintsha kwengqondo | Uba ngumntu ongakhathaliyo ngezinto ezimngqongileyo. Akaphenduli xa ethetha. Ujonga kwindawo enye engenanto. Iimbombo zamehlo zisenokuvuleka. |
| Izenzo ezingenantsingiselo (ii-Automatisms) | Izenzo eziphindaphindwayo ezenziwa ngokungazi. Imizekelo: ukutyhala imilebe yakho, ukuginya ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuchukumisa ikona yempahla yakho, ukwenza into ngezandla zakho. |
| Iingxaki zokuthetha | Ukungakwazi ukuthetha okwethutyana, okanye ukungakwazi ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo (i-aphasia). |
| Ukudideka kunye notshintsho lomzimba | Emva kokuxinwa yingqondo, ingqondo iyadideka. Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba uyaqina kwaye usenokude uqhaqhazele. |
Kutheni le nto i-TLE yenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Ngamafutshane, i-TLE yenzeka xa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) kwi-temporal lobe luphazamiseka. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zithumela imiqondiso yombane ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ukugcina ubuchopho bethu busebenza. Xa kwenzeka ukudibana, ezi seli zemithambo-luvo ziyadubula rhoqo ngaphandle kolawulo.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili ezinokuchaphazela oku:
- I-Hippocampal sclerosis: Le yeyona nto ibangela i-TLE. Yenzeka xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwindawo yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-hippocampus, ebandakanyeka kwinkumbulo, zonakala kwaye ziqhekeke.
- Iithumba zobuchopho: Iithumba ezinomhlaza okanye ezingenobungozi zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo.
- Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu: Ukonakala entloko ngenxa yengozi embi.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-encephalitis kunye ne-meningitis.
- Iingxaki ekuzalweni: Ezinye iingxaki ezenzeka ngexesha lophuhliso lobuchopho (i-Focal cortical dysplasia).
- Iingxaki zemithambo yegazi: Iimeko ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Iinguqu zemfuza: Iimpembelelo ezithile zemfuza ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Izizathu ezingaziwayo: Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela othile usenokungafumaneki.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
I-TLE inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa izinto ezithile zinokwandisa umngcipheko.
- Ukuba ukhe waba nokuxhuzula okubangelwa yifiva usengumntwana: Ingakumbi ukuba ukhe waba nokuxhuzula okuninzi. Kodwa khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu okhe waba nokuxhuzula okubangelwa yifiva oza kuba ne-TLE. Akuqhelekanga kakhulu.
- Ukuba une-status epilepticus: Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuxhuzula kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5, okanye ukuba ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uqonde.
- Ukuba unesimila sobuchopho okanye isiphene sokuzalwa.
- Ukuba ukhe wenzakala entloko okanye wasuleleka engqondweni usengumntwana.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho one-TLE.
Zithini iingxaki ezinokubakho xa zinganyangwa?
Ukuba i-TLE ayinyangwa ixesha elide, iingxaki ezithile zinokwenzeka. Le ngozi iyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko ukuphindaphindeka kokuxhuzula kusanda.
Oku akuyonto yokoyika, kodwa kubonisa indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo.
Iingxaki eziphambili zezi:
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto, ingakumbi ezintsha.
- Uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba: Ukuphila nale meko kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwengqondo.
- Ukuncipha kwamandla okufunda nokwenza izigqibo.
- I-SUDEP (Ukufa okungalindelekanga kwisifo sokuwa): Le yingxaki engaqhelekanga, kodwa inzima kakhulu. Kule meko, umntu onesifo sokuwa ufa ngequbuliso kwaye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa le ngozi kukulawula kakuhle isifo sokuwa.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? (Uxilongo)
Ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa sisifo sokuwa okanye urhanela ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa sisifo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Uza kukubuza imibuzo, akuhlole, aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze uvavanyo oluthile ukuze afumane isifo.
- Ukubuza ngeempawu zakho: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ukuba kwenzeke ntoni ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuba uqaqanjelwe.
- Ingxelo yengqina: Ekubeni usenokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngexesha lokuxhuzula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzisa umntu owayenawe ngelo xesha (ilungu losapho, umhlobo) kugqirha. Banokuchaza kanye oko bakubonileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous.
Ukongeza, ungenza iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ithatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuchopho ukuze ibone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki (ezifana nethumba okanye isilonda).
- I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Iisensa ezincinci zifakwa entlokweni kwaye zirekhode umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Ukuba oku kwenziwa ngexesha lokuxhuzula, kunokuthi kuchonge apho kuqala khona engqondweni ukuxhuzula. Ungagcinwa esibhedlele usuku olunye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze wenze uvavanyo lweVideo-EEG.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-TLE?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezisebenzayo ze-TLE. Ugqirha wakho uya kukumisela unyango olungcono ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.
1. Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula
Olu lolona hlobo lokuqala lonyango. Kukho amayeza amaninzi anokulawula i-TLE. (umz. iCarbamazepine, iLevetiracetam, iValproate).
Ugqirha angazama iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza kunye needosi ezahlukeneyo ude ufumane amayeza kunye nedosi efanelekileyo kuwe. Njengokuba nokukhetha impahla efanelekileyo kuthi, oku kungathatha ixesha. Kubalulekile ukulandela unyango ngomonde.
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa okanye sele ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho. Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela umntwana. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza akhuselekileyo ngelo xesha.
2. Utyando (Utyando lwe-Epilepsy)
Ukuba ukuqina kwesisu akukwazi ukulawulwa ngamayeza, okanye ukuba kukho unobangela onokususwa, njengomhlaza wobuchopho, ugqirha unokucebisa utyando.
- Utyando lwe-temporal lobectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye encinci ye-temporal lobe yengqondo apho kuqala khona ukuxhuzula. Iingcali zotyando lwe-neurosurgery zenza oku ngononophelo olukhulu, ziqaphela ukuba zingonakalisi eminye imisebenzi yengqondo. Abantu abaninzi baye bakwazi ukuyeka ukuxhuzula phantse ngokupheleleyo emva kolu tyando.
3. Ukuvuselela ingqondo
Le ndlela isetyenziswa xa amayeza engasebenzi kwaye utyando lungenakwenzeka. Oku kuquka ukuthumela imiqondiso yombane engqondweni ngesixhobo esincinci esifakwe emzimbeni, nto leyo enciphisa kancinci ukuxhaphaka kokuxhuzula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kufana nokufaka i-pacemaker entliziyweni.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba unesithuthwane okanye ukrokrela ukuba unesithuthwane, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukuba sele unyangelwa i-TLE, kufuneka utsalele ugqirha wakho umnxeba ngoko nangoko ukuba:
- Ukuba ukuqina kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5. (Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kwaye kufuneka usiwe kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.)
- Ukuba enye i-stress iphelile kwaye enye ifika ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele ezingqondweni.
- Ukuba ubuninzi kunye nobunzima bokulingana buyanda ngequbuliso.
- Ukuba kuvela iziphumo ezingezizo ezintsha ezivela kwiyeza.
- Ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukuphola emva kokuxhuzula.
I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy yimeko elawulekayo. Ukuphila nayo kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Awuwedwa, kwaye ugqirha wakho kunye nosapho bakho bakhona ukukunceda.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) luhlobo lokuxhuzula oluvela kwi-temporal lobe yengqondo. Lunokuchaphazela inkumbulo, iimvakalelo kunye nolwimi.
- Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwale meko kukuziva okungaqhelekanga (aura) okwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umntu axhuzule. Umzekelo, ivumba elingaqhelekanga, okanye isisu esibuhlungu.
- I-TLE inokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Ukulimala entloko, usulelo, kunye nokuvaleka kobuchopho (i-hippocampal sclerosis) zezona zinto ziphambili.
- Kukho unyango olusebenzayo, oluquka amayeza, utyando, kunye nokukhuthaza imithambo-luvo. Abantu abaninzi banokulawula ukuxhuzula kwabo kakuhle ngonyango.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Xa unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, umngcipheko weengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide uya kuncipha.
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