Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ungabona imibala engaphezulu kuneemibala ezisixhenxe zomnyama? Okanye wakha waphikisana nomhlobo wakho ngombala welokhwe, esithi, "Hayi, hayi, ngulo mbala," okanye "Owu, hayi, ngulo mbala?" Ukuba kunjalo, usenokuba namandla angaqhelekanga, akhethekileyo, anamandla. Namhlanje sithetha ngokukwazi ukubona imibala ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-tetrachromacy.
Yintoni iTetrachromacy?
Ngamafutshane, i-tetrachromacy yimeko engaqhelekanga, enobuthathaka kakhulu yokubona imibala eyenzeka kuphela kwabanye abafazi. Ayisosifo, luphawu oluthile.
Ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, kukho inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina. Iqulethe iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezibona ukukhanya. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-photoreceptors. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi seli. Enye yi-cones, enye yi-rods. Ii-rods zisinceda sibone kumnyama namhlophe nakwi-low light. Ii-cones zinoxanduva lokubona umbala.
Ngokwesiqhelo, sonke sineentlobo ezintathu zeeseli zekhoni emehlweni ethu. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zintathu, singakwazi ukwahlula nokubona imibala emalunga nesigidi.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-tetrachromacy baneentlobo ezine zeeseli zekhowuni emehlweni abo. Ngenxa yeso seli sekhowuni yesine, banokubona amakhulu ezigidi zemibala, ephantse ibe ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo. Khawuthelekelele, banokubona amawaka emibala eyahlukeneyo ngenxa nje yombala obomvu esiwubonayo.
Isebenza njani le seli yekhoni yesine?
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zekhoni esihlala sinazo sonke.
- Ii-Red-sensitive (L-cones): Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-'L' (Long) cones kuba ubomvu bunobude obude be-wavelength.
- Ii-M-cones ezibonakala kuluhlaza: Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-'M' (Medium) cones kuba ziphakathi kwe-spectrum ebonakalayo.
- Ibuthathaka kwi-blue (ii-S-cones): Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-'S' (ii-Short cones) kuba i-blue inobude obufutshane be-wavelength.
Umntu one-tetrachromacy unohlobo lwesine lweseli yekhowuni ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu. Oku kudla ngokuba novakalelo olungakumbi kuluhlu oluphakathi kobomvu noluhlaza, okanye iorenji. Le seli yekhowuni eyongezelelweyo ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo .
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ungayibona njani imibala emininzi kangaka ngeseli enye eyongezelelweyo yekhowuni? Khawuthelekelele upeyinta. Unemibala emithathu ephambili (ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza). Ungenza imibala emininzi ngokuyixuba kunye. Ngoku ukuba ubunombala wesine oyintloko (umthubi, umzekelo), mingaphi imibala emitsha onokukwazi ukuyenza? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo engqondweni. Ulwazi oluvela kwiseli eyongezelelweyo yekhowuni ludityaniswe nolwazi oluvela kwezinye iiseli zekhowuni, kwaye ingqondo idala ihlabathi lemibala elineenkcukacha ezininzi.
Kutheni oku kwenzeka rhoqo kubafazi kuphela?
Le yeyona nxalenye inomdla kakhulu koku. Isizathu soku sinento yokwenza neechromosomes zethu.
I-gene elawula iiseli zekhoni ezisinceda sibone ubomvu noluhlaza ikwi -chromosome X.
Njengoko usazi, indoda ine-chromosome enye ye-X kunye ne-chromosome enye ye-Y (XY). Ngoko ke, ukuba loo gene kwi-chromosome enye ye-X iyatshintsha, zonke iiseli zayo zekhoni ezibomvu/eziluhlaza ziya kutshintshwa. Yiyo loo nto amadoda enokuba nengxaki yokungaboni imibala.
Nangona kunjalo, abafazi bane-chromosomes ezimbini ze-X (XX). Ngoko ke, i-chromosome enye ye-X inokuba ne-gene eqhelekileyo kwaye enye i-chromosome ye-X inokuba ne-gene eguquliweyo. Kwimeko enjalo, amehlo omfazi anokuvelisa zombini iiseli ze-cone eziqhelekileyo kunye neeseli ze-cone ezongezelelweyo ezibangelwa yi-gene eguquliweyo. Malunga ne-12% yabasetyhini banale gene.
Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onayo le mfuza oza kuba ne-tetrachromacy. Ukuze ube ne-tetrachromacy enamandla, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nezinye izinto ezimbini.
1. Iseli yesine yekhoni kufuneka ibe novakalelo kwimvamisa eyahlukileyo: Ukuba iseli entsha yekhoni inovakalelo kwimibala efanayo neyezinye iiseli zekhoni, ubuchopho abuyi kufumana naluphi na ulwazi olongezelelweyo. Ngoko ke akukho mahluko uya kwenzeka.
2. Ingqondo ifuna imijelo emine yemibala: Ingqondo yomntu idla ngokuyilwa ukuba icubungule ulwazi isebenzisa imijelo emithathu yemibala. Ngoko ke nokuba kukho iseli yekhoni yesine, ukuba ingqondo ayinayo imijelo yesine yokufumana olo lwazi, ayinakuyisebenzisa loo mandla ongezelelweyo.
Ngoko ke, abantu abanombono onemibala emininzi banqabile kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, awunakukwazi na ukuthatha uvavanyo kwi-intanethi ukuze ubone ukuba unalo na olu buchule?
Ukuba ukhangela kwi-intanethi "Ngaba unayo i-tetrachromacy?" uza kufumana uvavanyo oluninzi. Kodwa akukho nanye kuzo eyinyani .
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awunakukwazi ukuyifumana le nto ngovavanyo olukwi-intanethi. Musa ukukhohliswa yiloo nto.
Isizathu soku silula. Isikrini esikwifowuni yakho, ithebhulethi, okanye ikhompyutha senziwe ziitshaneli zemibala ezintathu kuphela: iiphikseli ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RGB). Ngoko ke, akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya amehlo akho ngeetshaneli zemibala ezine kwisikrini esisebenzisa iitshaneli zemibala ezintathu kuphela.
Uvavanyo lokwenyani lwe-tetrachromacy lwenziwa zizazinzulu kwiilabhoratri, zisebenzisa izixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu nezibizayo , uvavanyo lwe-DNA, kunye neendawo zokukhanya ezilawulwayo.
Umntu one-tetrachromacy ubona njani ihlabathi?
Le yinto enzima ukuba siyiqonde ngqo. Kuba imibala ngamava axhomekeke kakhulu kwi-subject. Oko ukubonayo njengobomvu akufani nombala endiwubonayo. Kukho umahluko omncinci.
Kodwa ukuba uyijonga ngokwenani, nanku umahluko.
| Uhlobo lombono | Inani leentlobo zeeseli zekhowuni | Inani eliqikelelweyo lemibala ebonakalayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwahlukana kombala - ukungaboni kombala | 2 | Malunga ne-10,000 |
| I-Trichromacy - Umbono oqhelekileyo | 3 | Phakathi kwe-1 - 10 yezigidi |
| I-Tetrachromacy | 4 | Malunga ne-100 yezigidi |
Xa ujonga le tshathi, uyawubona umahluko, akunjalo? Likhono elimangalisayo ngokwenene. Aba bantu banokubona imibala emininzi kakhulu kwintyatyambo, kumzobo, okanye ekutshoneni kwelanga kunokuba umntu oqhelekileyo enokwenza.
Ngoko ke ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unalo olu buchule, nangona kunzima ukububonakalisa, yonwaba kukuba ihlabathi olibonayo linemibala. Ngokwenene sisipho esikhethekileyo esivela kwindalo. Ukuba uziva ubunzima okanye utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo imibala, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho, ingakumbi ugqirha wamehlo, ngalo mba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tetrachromacy ayisosifo, sisixhobo esingaqhelekanga esinabafazi kuphela, esibavumela ukuba babone izigidi zemibala ngaphezu komntu oqhelekileyo.
- Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezine zeeseli zekhoni esweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu.
- Oku kubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwi-chromosome X. Abafazi banethuba lokufumana esi sixhobo kuba banee-chromosome ezimbini ze-X.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuyifumana le nto ngovavanyo olufumaneka kwi-intanethi, kuba izikrini zekhompyutha azikwazi ukuvelisa imibala eziyifunayo.
- Uphando lwesayensi kuphela olunokuqinisekisa ukuba oku kukho ngokwenene na.
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