Ingaba iiplatelets zakho zegazi ziphantsi? Masifunde nge-thrombocytopenia ngokulula!

Ngaba kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ukopha kuphele xa ufumana inxeba elincinci? Okanye ujika ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uze wenze imivumbo ngaphandle kokubetheka nantoni na emzimbeni wakho? Ukuba oku kuye kwenzeka kuwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba une -platelet count ephantsi. Ngokwezonyango, esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-Thrombocytopenia (ebizwa ngokuba yi-“thrombo-cyto-penia”). Ungakhathazeki, siza kugcina yonke into ilula.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iThrombocytopenia?

Ukongeza kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi , igazi lethu liqulathe olunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets . Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuncedisa ekumiseni ukopha xa senzakele. Ngokuchanekileyo, zenza ihlwili legazi kwaye ziyeke ukopha.

Ngoku, i-Thrombocytopenia ibangelwa kukuba inani lee-platelet egazini lethu liphantsi kunexabiso elifunekayo. Ezi zenziwa yi -bone marrow yethu. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-bone marrow ayivelisi ii-platelet ezaneleyo, okanye ukuba ii-platelet eziveliswayo zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, le meko inokwenzeka. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nezifo ezithile kunye namayeza.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi banale meko incinci kakhulu. Basenokungazi nokuba banayo kuba abanazo iimpawu ezinkulu. Ngoko ke kunzima ukutsho ukuba ixhaphake kangakanani na.

Nangona kunjalo, esinye isifo esinxulumene noko, i-Immune Thrombocytopenia , sifunyenwe sichaphazela malunga nabantwana nabantu abadala abayi-3-4 kwi-100,000. Kwakhona, malunga ne-5% yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo banokufumana i-thrombocytopenia encinci ngaphambi nje kokuba bazalwe.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-thrombocytopenia?

Ukubalwa kweeplatelet eziphantsi kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwiimeko eziyingozi.

• Ukopha kakhulu emzimbeni: Ukopha kunokuvela kwiindawo ezifana nesisu namathumbu. Okuyingozi ngakumbi kukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Oku kungaba yimeko esongela ubomi.
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukuncipha kweeplatelets zegazi kunokunciphisa umlinganiselo wegazi elihamba liye entliziyweni, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wohlaselo lwentliziyo.

Zithini iiplatelets zegazi eziqhelekileyo neziphantsi?

Ukuba ujonga ingxelo yegazi lakho, uza kubona ukuba idwelisa inani leeplatelet zakho. Makhe sijonge ukuba ngawaphi amanqanaba aqhelekileyo kunye namanqanaba aphantsi.

Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu? Iimpawu zeThrombocytopenia

Abantu abanengxaki yokungabikho kweeplatelet ezinzulu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuvela iimpawu, enye yezinto zokuqala ozibonayo kubunzima bokuyeka ukopha ngenxa yokusikwa okuncinci okanye ukopha empumlweni. Nazi ezinye iimpawu.

• Iintsini eziphuma igazi: Ungabona igazi kwibhrashi yakho yamazinyo xa uhlamba amazinyo. Iintsini zakho nazo zingabonakala zidumbile.
• Igazi elikwisitulo: Isitulo sinokuba mnyama kakhulu.
• Igazi kumchamo: Ukuba amanzi kwindlu yangasese abonakala epinki kancinci emva kokuchama, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo.
• Ukuhlanza igazi: Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukopha kwinxalenye ephezulu yesisu sakho.
• Ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni: Ukuba ukuya kwakho exesheni kuthatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-7, okanye ukuba ukopha kakhulu kunesiqhelo, oko kungaba luphawu.
• IPetechiae:Ibonakala ngathi liqhuma lamachaphaza amancinci abomvu/mfusa emilenzeni, ingakumbi kwindawo yesinqe.
• I-Purpura: Amabala abomvu, amfusa, okanye amdaka eluswini. Oku kubangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi emincinci phantsi kolusu.
• Ukudumba: Ukudumba kwenzeka xa igazi liqokelelana phantsi kolusu. Ungaqaphela ukuba udumba lula kunesiqhelo.
• Ukopha emqolo: Ungabona igazi kwindlu yangasese okanye ngelixa ucoca.

Kutheni iiplatelets zegazi zincipha ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?

Izizathu zokuba iiplatelets zegazi zibe phantsi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Umongo wakho wethambo awuvelisi iiplatelets ezaneleyo: Oku kunokwenzeka kwiimeko zomhlaza wegazi ezifana ne-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma.

2. Nokuba iiplatelet ezaneleyo ziveliswa ngumongo wethambo, ziyatshatyalaliswa okanye ziphele ngokukhawuleza: Ngenxa yezifo ezithile, ubungakanani beeplatelet eziveliswayo buphela ngokukhawuleza.

3. Ukugcinwa kweeplatelets ze-spleen: Ngokwesiqhelo, i-spleen yethu igcina malunga nesinye kwisithathu seeplatelets zethu zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, igcina iiplatelets ezininzi kakhulu.

Izizathu ezimbalwa ezithile

• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Kwizifo ezifana ne-Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) kunye neLupus, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiplatelets zegazi.
• Umhlaza wegazi: Izifo ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma zingonakalisa umongo wethambo kwaye ziwuthintele ekwenzeni iiplatelets zegazi.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation lunokutshabalalisa iiseli ze-stem ebezinokuba zii-platelet.
• Ezinye izifo zegazi: Kwiimeko ezifana neThrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TPP), amahlwili egazi amancinci ayenzeka emzimbeni wonke, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiplatelets ziphele ngokukhawuleza.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane nazo zinokubangela ukuba inani leeplatelet liphantsi.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala bunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeplatelets zegazi.
• Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi: Ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana ne-arsenic, i-benzene, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane nako kunokuchaphazeleka.
• Amanye amayeza: Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okuxhuzula, amayeza esifo sentliziyo, kunye nezinto ezinciphisa igazi ezifana ne-heparin nazo zinokubangela oku.

Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akuhlole. Uza kujonga imivumbo, amabala, njl. Uza kukubuza nangembali yakho yezonyango kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo. Emva koko angakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo olufana nolu.

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Olu luvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Lujonga inani leeplatelets, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini lakho.
• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Oku kuquka ukuhlola iiplatelets zakho zegazi phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Uvavanyo lokujiya kwegazi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuze igazi lakho lijiye (njengovavanyo lwe-PTT kunye ne-PT).
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba iiplatelets zakho ziphantsi kakhulu kwaye unobangela awucaci, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni athathe isampuli encinci yomongo wakho ukuze awuvavanye.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Ukuba inani lakho leeplatelet eliphantsi alibangeli ngxaki zinkulu, mhlawumbi akuyi kuyidinga unyango. Uninzi lwexesha, oogqirha baya kunyanga unobangela wengxaki. Umzekelo, ukuba ibangelwa liyeza olisebenzisayo, banokukwazi ukutshintsha elo yeza.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zezi:

• IiSteroids: La mayeza anokunyusa ukuveliswa kweeplatelet egazini.
• Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho aphantsi kakhulu, unganikwa igazi (iiplatelet) ukuze wonyuse amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho okwethutyana.
• Utyando lwe-Splenectomy: Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-spleen yakho ivala ii-platelet ezininzi kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba i-spleen yakho isuswe ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ukususa i-spleen kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wosulelo, kuya kufuneka ugonywe ukuze uzikhusele kuyo.

Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uphila nale meko

Ukuba une-thrombocytopenia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo.

• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Ukuba usela utywala, nciphisa. Gcina impilo yamazinyo intle, kuba inokubangela ukopha kwamazinyo neentsini.
• Musa ukuthatha amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha: Amanye amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu (umz. ibuprofen, iaspirin) aneempawu zokunciphisa igazi. Musa ukuthatha naziphi na izithomalalisi zeentlungu, izongezo, okanye amayeza ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala.
• Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukudumba nokopha: Kungcono ukuphepha imidlalo efana neragbi kunye nebhola ekhatywayo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuzilolonga okukhuselekileyo okufanelekileyo kuwe.
• Hamba ngokukhuselekileyo: Nxiba ibhanti xa ukhwela imoto rhoqo.
• Yazisa oogqirha bakho: Ukuba utyando okanye ukhupha amazinyo, yazisa ugqirha kwangaphambili ukuba une-thrombocytopenia kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.

I-Thrombocytopenia, ukubalwa kweeplatelet okuphantsi, ukopha, ukukrweleka, i-petechiae, i-purpura, uvavanyo lwe-CBC sinhala, umongo wethambo, i-spleen, i-spleenectomy, iSri Lanka