Ngaba kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukuba isilonda esincinci siyeke ukopha? Okanye ngaba iintsini zakho ziyopha xa uhlamba amazinyo akho? Mhlawumbi unemivumbo emzimbeni wakho engabonakaliyo ukuba ibangelwa yinto ethile. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuncipha kwenani leeplatelet emzimbeni wakho. Ngokwezonyango, le meko siyibiza ngokuba yiThrombocytopenia. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, le yimeko eqhelekileyo phakathi kwethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale Thrombocytopenia echaphazela abantu abaninzi kodwa engaziwa kakuhle. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iThrombocytopenia?
Kulungile, masiqale siqonde ukuba zeziphi iiplatelets. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho iziqwenga ezincinci 'zeplasta' ezijikeleza ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets. Zenziwa kumongo wethu wethambo. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuqokelelana ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokwenzakala kwaye zenze ihlwili legazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Kufana nokuvala umngxuma eludongeni.
I-Thrombocytopenia ithetha ukuba inani leeplatelet egazini lakho liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Kwenzeka ntoni xa oko kusenzeka? 'Iplasta' ethintela ukopha ayisanele. Ngoko ke nenxeba elincinci linokuvuza igazi elininzi, kwaye kungathatha ixesha elide ukuyeka ukopha.
Uninzi lwexesha, le meko ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango, njengesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, okanye njengesiphumo esingesihle samayeza athile esiwasebenzisayo. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba xa sele ifunyenwe imbangela, inokunyangeka kwaye inani leeplatelet linokubuyiselwa esiqhelweni.
Ilinganiswa njani inani leeplatelet zegazi? Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo nangaqhelekanga
Xa senza uvavanyo lwegazi (Full Blood Count), sinokwazi inani elichanekileyo leeplatelet. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu omdala osempilweni uneeplatelet ezili-150,000 ukuya kwezingama-450,000 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi. Kwi-thrombocytopenia, eli nani liyancipha. Sihlela ubunzima bemeko ngokwenani lokuncipha.
| Imeko | Inani leeplatelet (nge-microliter nganye yegazi) |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba eliphakathi | 150,000 - 450,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia ebuthathaka | 101,000 - 140,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia ephakathi | 51,000 - 100,000 |
| I-Thrombocytopenia Eqatha | Ngaphantsi kwama-51,000 |
Uninzi lwexesha, abantu abanengxaki yokunqongophala kancinci ababonisi zimpawu zibalulekileyo. Kodwa xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elibi kakhulu, kufuneka silumke.
Ungazi njani ukuba une-thrombocytopenia? Lumka kwezi mpawu
Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu nokuba inani leeplatelet liphantsi kancinci. Kodwa xa kuvela iimpawu, zingabandakanya: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukugruzuka lula | Imivumbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye emfusa ivela emzimbeni ngaphandle kokwenzakala. Oku kubangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi okuncinci phantsi kolusu. |
| Iintsini ezophayo | Iintsini zinokopha kungekuphela nje xa uhlamba amazinyo akho, kodwa naxa umi apho. |
| Ukopha empumlweni | Ukopha rhoqo impumlo ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Amabala amancinci abomvu/mfusa eluswini (iPetechiae) | Amabala amancinci abomvu ahlabayo avela phantsi kolusu, adla ngokuba semilenzeni esezantsi. La mabala anokubonakala ngathi kukuqhambuka. |
| Ukopha kakhulu kokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini | Ukuya exesheni okuhlala ixesha elide kunesiqhelo okanye ukopha kakhulu kunesiqhelo. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Ukuba uphuma indle emnyama okanye ebomvu kakhulu, oko kungaba luphawu lokopha kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. |
| Igazi kumchamo | Ukuba umchamo ujika ube pinki okanye ube bomvu, loo nto ikwaluphawu lokuxhalaba. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso, endaweni yokuyityeshela le mpawu ngokuthi "isenokuba yinto eyahlukileyo nje."
Kutheni iiplatelets zegazi zincipha ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu eziphambili?
Izizathu zokuba iiplatelets zegazi zibe phantsi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
1. Ukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kwee-platelet kwi-bone morrow: Kukho ingxaki nge-bone morrow, eyi-'platelet factory' yethu, ebangela ukwehla kwemveliso.
2. Iiplatelets eziveliswayo ziyatshatyalaliswa okanye ziphele emzimbeni: Umzi-mveliso usebenza kakuhle, kodwa iiplatelets eziveliswayo ziyaqhekeka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesizathu esithile.
3. Ukugcinwa kweeplatelets zepleen: Ipleen sisitho esikwicala eliphezulu lasekhohlo lesisu sethu. Ngamanye amaxesha ibamba iiplatelets ezininzi kunokuba kufanelekile, nto leyo ethintela ukuba zingakhutshelwa egazini.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezithile zoku.
- Izifo Ezizikhusela Ngokwasemzimbeni: Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiplatelets zethu zegazi. Imizekelo ibandakanya iimeko ezifana ne-`(Immune Thrombocytopenia - ITP)`, `(Lupus)`, kunye ne-`(Rheumatoid Arthritis)`.
- Umhlaza Wegazi: Umhlaza ofana neLeukemia kunye neLymphoma unokonakalisa umongo wethambo kwaye unciphise ukuveliswa kweeplatelets zegazi.
- Unyango lomhlaza:Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, olubulala umhlaza, lungonakalisa kungekuphela nje iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa kunye neeseli ezisempilweni kumongo wethambo.
- Ezinye izifo: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-dengue, kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, zinokunciphisa okwethutyana inani lee-platelet egazini.
- Amayeza: Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okunciphisa igazi afana ne-heparin, kunye namayeza okuxhuzula nawo anokubangela ukuba iiplatelets zegazi zibe phantsi njengesiphumo esibi.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala bunciphisa ukusebenza komongo wamathambo kwaye bunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeplatelet egazini.
- Ukukhulelwa: Abanye abafazi abakhulelweyo banokufumana ukwehla okuncinci kweeplatelet, ingakumbi xa sele beza kuzala. Oku kudla ngokubuyela kwisiqhelo emva kokuzala.
- Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezifana ne-arsenic, i-benzene, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane nako kunokubangela oku.
Ngaba le yinto ekufuneka uyoyike? Iingxaki ezinokubakho
Uninzi lwabantu lune-thrombocytopenia engephi okanye ephakathi. Ayibangeli monakalo mkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani leeplatelet liphezulu kakhulu , oko kukuthi, ukuba inani lehla ngaphantsi kwama-20,000, kukho umngcipheko othile.
- Ukopha ngaphakathi: Le yeyona ngxaki inzima. Ukopha kunokubakho kwindlela yokugaya ukutya okanye engqondweni. Ukopha engqondweni yimeko esongela ubomi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba le meko ibangele ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni kuthinteleke.
Ezi zinto zenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu, ukubona ugqirha kwangethuba nokufumana unyango kunokuthintela ezo meko zinzima.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba neemeko ezifanayo. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga ukuba akukho mivumbo, amabala abomvu, njl.
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Olu lolona vavanyo lusisiseko nolubalulekileyo. Lungajonga kungekuphela nje ukubala kweeplatelet, kodwa kunye nokubala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
- Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ithontsi legazi uze ulijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Ungafumana umbono wemeko yee-platelet ngokujonga imo kunye nobukhulu bazo.
- Uvavanyo lweClot yegazi:Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba igazi lakho lijiye. `(PT)` kunye `(PTT)` zezinye zezo vavanyo.
- I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba inani lakho eliphantsi leeplatelet libangelwa yingxaki yomongo wakho wethambo, unokuyalela olu vavanyo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo kwithambo lakho lesinqe uze uwuvavanye.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kangakanani kwaye yintoni unobangela.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kancinci kwaye awunazo iimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni akujonge nje ngaphandle konyango.
Kodwa ukuba kufuneka unyango, izinto ezinje ngezi zihlala zenziwa:
- Ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi ngenxa yamayeza owasebenzisayo, ugqirha wakho uza kutshintsha elo chiza. Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo, baza kulinyanga.
- IiSteroids: La mayeza anokulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile aze anciphise ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelets zegazi.
- Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kakhulu kwaye usemngciphekweni wokopha, ungatofelwa igazi ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisisombululo sexeshana.
- Utyando lwe-splenectomy: Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli kwaye kufunyaniswe ukuba i-spleen ibamba inani elikhulu lee-platelet, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni ayisuse ngotyando i-spleen. Kuya kufuneka ufumane ugonyo olufunekayo kwangaphambili, njengoko kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokosuleleka emva kokuba i-spleen isusiwe.
Izinto onokuzenza xa uphila ne-thrombocytopenia
Ukuba unale meko, zininzi izinto onokuzenza wena ukuze unciphise ukopha kunye nokukrweleka.
- Musa ukusela iintlungu ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha: Ezinye iintlungu, ezifana ne-`(Aspirin)` kunye ne-`(Ibuprofen)` zinokunciphisa ngakumbi amandla egazi okujiya. Ngoko ke, buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naluphi na unyango.
- Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukwenzakala: Kungcono ukuba ungabandakanyeki kwimidlalo efana neragbi kunye nebhola ekhatywayo, kunye nokuphakamisa iintsimbi. Endaweni yoko, ungagxila kwimithambo ekhuselekileyo efana nokudada nokuhamba. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ukhethe okulungileyo kuwe.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, utywala buphazamisana nokuveliswa kweeplatelet. Ngoko ke ukuba usela utywala, yenza njalo ngokulinganisela.
- Lumka xa uhlamba amazinyo akho:Sebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo. Hlamba amazinyo akho ngononophelo ukuze ungalimazi iintsini zakho.
- Hamba ngokukhuselekileyo: Nxiba ibhanti xa uhamba ngemoto rhoqo.
- Yazisa abanye oogqirha: Ukuba uya kugqirha wamazinyo okanye wenza naluphi na olunye utyando, qiniseka ukuba uyabazisa abo gqirha ukuba une-thrombocytopenia kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thrombocytopenia yimeko apho inani leeplatelet egazini liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi nokukrweleka lula.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokopha kweentsini, ukukrweleka ngamanye amaxesha, okanye amabala abomvu eluswini lwakho, musa ukuzityeshela.
- Zininzi izizathu ezibangela le meko, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo nokuwunyanga.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso. Okukhona uyibona kwangoko, kokukhona kulula ukuyilawula.
- Ngokulandela iingcebiso zonyango nokwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni xa unesi sifo.
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