Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Thymus Gland'? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Lidlala elincinci esifubeni sethu, ingakumbi phambi kwentliziyo. Libaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela xa sisebancinci. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha eli dlala lincinci linokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Kulapho oogqirha bacebisa khona utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Thymectomy'. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto, oko kukuthi, utyando lokususa i-thymus gland, ngamazwi alula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-thymectomy?
I-Thymectomy yinkqubo yotyando yokususa i-thymus gland yakho kunye nazo naziphi na iithumba ezinokuba zakheke ngeenxa zonke kuyo. Ayilotyando luqhelekileyo. Uphononongo olwenziwe eMelika lufumanise ukuba malunga nama-7,000 olu tyando lwenziwe kwixesha leminyaka eli-13. Oko kuthetha malunga notyando oluyi-1,000 ngonyaka. Ngoko ungacinga ukuba olu lutyando olukhethekileyo.
Ziziphi iimeko ezenziwayo ngenxa ye-thymectomy?
Olu tyando lwenziwa ikakhulu njengonyango lweengxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-thymus gland. Masibone ukuba ziintoni.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha emzimbeni. Oku kubangela iimpawu ezinjengobuthathaka bemisipha, ukugoba kwamehlo, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha nokuginya. Ukususa i-thymus gland kunokulawula kakhulu le meko. |
| I-Thymoma | Olu luhlobo lwethumba elinomhlaza elikhula kwi-thymus gland. Ezi zihlala zihlobo lomhlaza olukhula kwi-thymus. Unyango oluphambili kukususa i-gland kunye nethumba ngotyando. |
| Iithumba ze-neuroendocrine | Olu lolunye uhlobo lwethumba olunokwakheka kwi-thymus gland. |
| Iithumba ezingenobungozi | Ngamanye amaxesha, iithumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza, okanye ezingenobungozi, zinokukhula kwi-thymus gland. Ezi zisuswa ngexesha lotyando. |
Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngaphambi kokuba utyando lwe-thymectomy, ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha imbali yakho yonke yezonyango aze akuhlole ngononophelo. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo yakho.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo: Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ze-3D yangaphakathi lomzimba. Oku kunokunceda ekumiseleni ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani kunye nendawo ye-thymus gland.
- I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - i-MRI): Le yenye indlela ethatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni.
- I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET scan): Olu vavanyo lubalulekile ukuze kubonwe umsebenzi weeseli emzimbeni, ingakumbi ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo ngaphambi kotyando. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Rhoqo, uya kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela ukususela ezinzulwini zobusuku ngaphambi kotyando.
Ukuthintela ubunzima bokuphefumla emva kotyando, ingakumbi ukuba une-myasthenia gravis, unganikwa i-immunoglobulin efakwa kwimithambo yegazi okanye unyango lokutshintshiselana ngeplasma ngaphambi kotyando.
Masifunde ngendlela olu tyando oluqhutywa ngayo.
Utyando lwe-Thymectomy lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye yindlela yendabuko, ebandakanya ukuvula isifuba, kwaye enye yindlela, ebandakanya ukusebenzisa ikhamera kunye ne-robotics ngokusebenzisa nje imingxunya embalwa emincinci. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
1. Indlela engaphaya kwe-stern
Oku kufana notyando lwentliziyo oluvulekileyo.
- Inyathelo 1: Isifuba sivulwa ngokusika lonke okanye inxalenye yethambo eliphakathi kwesifuba (sternum). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sternotomy ngokwezonyango.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: I-thymus gland kunye nazo zonke izicwili ezichaphazelekayo ezijikelezileyo ziyasuswa kwindawo evulekileyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-3: Emva kotyando, kufakwa ityhubhu enye okanye ezimbini zesifuba esifubeni ukuze kukhutshwe naluphi na ulwelo kunye negazi elinokuba liqokelelene ngaphakathi.
- Inyathelo lesi-4: Ekugqibeleni, ithambo lesifuba liphinda libotshelelwe kusetyenziswa iingcingo kwaye ulusu luthungwe.
2. Incediswa yiRobhothi okanye iVATS (indlela yokusikwa okuncinci)
Le yinkqubo engaphantsi kakhulu. I-VATS imele utyando lweTyala oluncediswa yiVidiyo.
- Inyathelo 1: Kwenziwa imingxunya emincinci emithathu kwicala elinye lesifuba. Kufakwa ikhamera ngenye yazo.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukusebenzisa ingalo yerobhothi okanye izixhobo ezinde, kunye nokukhokelwa yimifanekiso yekhamera, i-thymus gland (kunye nayo nayiphi na ithumba, ukuba ikhona) yahlulwe ngononophelo kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwenziwa ukusika okufanayo kwelinye icala lesifuba ukuze kugqitywe ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-gland.
- Inyathelo lesi-4: Zonke izicwili ezisusiweyo zifakwa kwingxowa ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi esifubeni kwaye zikhutshwe ngomngxuma omncinci owenziweyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-5: Kufakwa ityhubhu enye okanye ezimbini ukuze kukhutshwe ulwelo.
- Inyathelo lesi-6: Ukunciphisa iintlungu emva kotyando, uza kunikwa amayeza okuvala imithambo-luvo eludongeni lwesifuba.
- Inyathelo lesi-7: Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo ziyasuswa kwaye imingxunya emincinci iyathungwa.
Olu tyando ludla ngokuthatha iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine, kuxhomekeke kubunzima botyando kunye nendlela esetyenzisiweyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kugcinwa kwigumbi lokuchacha ude ubuyele ezingqondweni. Umbhobho wokuphefumla owawubekwe kwigumbi lokutyanda uza kususwa. Ekuqaleni, uza kufuna ioksijini, ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi, kunye neyeza lokudambisa iintlungu. Ngokwesiqhelo uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo ngosuku olunye notyando.
Zithini iingenelo kunye namazinga empumelelo yolu tyando?
Iziphumo zolu tyando zilungile kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantu abane-myasthenia gravis kunye nabo kufuneka benze utyando ngokusikwa okuncinci.
| Udidi lweenzuzo | Iinzuzo ezifunyenweyo |
|---|---|
| Iingenelo zezigulane zaseMyasthenia Gravis | |
| Ukulaliswa esibhedlele | Ukuncipha kwenani labantu abalaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa yokugula. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi | Ukunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa amayeza afana ne-prednisone. |
| Iimpawu | Ukuncipha kobuthathaka bemisipha. |
| Ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo | Abanye abantu basenokude bafumane ukuphumla, apho iimpawu zabo ziphela ngokupheleleyo baze baphile ngaphandle kwamayeza. |
| Iingenelo zotyando olungenabungozi kangako | |
| Ixesha endilichithe esibhedlele | Ukuhlala ixesha elifutshane esibhedlele. |
| Intlungu kunye neengxaki | Umngcipheko wentlungu, ukopha, kunye nezinye iingxaki uncitshisiwe. |
| Ukubuyela umva ngokukhawuleza | Ukukwazi ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo. |
Uninzi lwabantu abenza olu tyando lwe-myasthenia gravis babona iziphumo ezilungileyo kungekapheli nonyaka . Malunga nama -70% afumana ukwehla kweempawu kunye nesidingo samayeza. Phakathi kwama-30% nama-40% anokufumana ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kweempawu.
Utyando lomhlaza we-thymoma ludla ngokunyanga ngokupheleleyo lo mhlaza.
Ziziphi iingozi ezinokubakho zotyando?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zotyando, i-thymectomy inokuba neengozi kunye neengxaki ezithile, kodwa ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu.
- Ukonakala kwentliziyo, umthambo, okanye umthambo wegazi okufutshane.
- Ukopha kakhulu.
- I-Pneumothorax: Ukuwa komphunga.
- I-Pneumonia: Usulelo lwemiphunga.
- I-Hemothorax: Ukuqokelelwa kwegazi phakathi kodonga lwesifuba kunye nomphunga.
- I-Chylothorax: Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo phakathi kodonga lwesifuba kunye nomphunga.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, uxinzelelo lotyando lunokubangela ukuba iimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zibe mandundu ( ingxaki ye-myasthenic ).
Ukuchacha kunye noko ukulindeleyo kwixesha elizayo
Ixesha lokuchacha lixhomekeke ekubeni wenze utyando oluvulekileyo okanye olungenalo utyando. Uninzi lwabantu kuya kufuneka bahlale esibhedlele ubuncinane ubusuku obunye. Iintlungu ezivela kolu tyando zihlala ziphela emva kweeveki ezimbini. Ufanele uthathe amayeza okudambisa iintlungu anikwe ngugqirha wakho.
Emva kotyando, ingcali yakho yezifo zengqondo iya kuqhubeka nokukujonga. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, iya kugqiba ukuba kufuneka uthathe ixesha elingakanani amayeza akho e-myasthenia gravis kunye nendlela yokunciphisa umthamo.
Kumhlaza we-thymoma, imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza.
- Inqanaba lokuQala: Kukho amathuba angaphezu kwama-95% okuchacha ngokupheleleyo.
- Inqanaba lesiBini: Kukho amathuba okuphiliswa angama-75% ukuya kuma-80%. Unyango ngemitha lunokufuneka.
- Inqanaba lesiThathu: Kukho amathuba okunyangwa angama-25% ukuya kuma-40%. Kunokufuneka zombini i-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy.
Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone ugqirha kwakhona?
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya emva kotyando, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu kwelinye icala lesifuba.
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ifiva.
- Ukukhwehlela.
- Ukopha igazi elivela kwinxeba lotyando.
- Ukuphinda kwakhona kweempawu ze-myasthenia gravis.
Kuqhelekile ukuba nabani na azive esoyika kancinci xa esiva ngotyando. Kodwa khumbula, oogqirha botyando bazenza ezi zinto ngalo lonke ixesha. Injongo yabo kukunika iziphumo ezilungileyo kangangoko. Ngoko ke, zive ukhululekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga notyando lwakho okanye inkqubo. Kuya kukwenza uzive ukhululekile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thymectomy kukususwa kwe-thymus gland esifubeni ngotyando.
- Olu tyando lwenziwa ikakhulu njengonyango lweemeko ezifana neMyasthenia Gravis kunye neThymoma .
- Olu tyando lungenziwa ngokuvulelekileyo okanye ngokungenasithintelo kangako . Indlela engaphantsisithintelo kangako ikhokelela ekupholeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunciphe iintlungu neengxaki.
- Ixesha lokuchacha kunye neziphumo zinokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yotyando.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kotyando, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Xoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo malunga notyando lwakho.
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