Ngaba wakha weva nge-gland ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Thymus"? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Lilungu elincinci kakhulu, kodwa eliyimfuneko elisebenza njengeqhawe kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, ingakumbi xa sisebancinci. Le thymus isebenza 'njengesikolo soqeqesho lomkhosi' esiqeqesha amajoni emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngeli qhawe lincinci lifihliwe emizimbeni yethu, ngamazwi alula.
Kalula nje, yintoni le thymus?
I-thymus yindlala encinci eyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic . Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni le nkqubo ye-lymphatic. Kulula kakhulu. Cinga ngomzimba wethu njengesixeko esikhulu. Esi sixeko sidinga inkqubo yokuzikhusela ukuyikhusela kwiintshaba ezibizwa ngokuba zizifo kunye neentsholongwane. Inkqubo ye-lymphatic yinxalenye enkulu yenkqubo yokuzikhusela. Amalungu afana neetoni zakho, i-spleen, kunye ne-appendix zonke ziyinxalenye yale nkqubo.
Ngoko ke, kulo lonke olu khuselo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela , i-thymus idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isinceda silwe neentsholongwane.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngexesha lokuya exesheni?
Umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-thymus kukuqeqesha uhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli ezimhlophe sizibiza ngokuba zii-T-lymphocytes okanye ii-T-cells .
Cinga ngale ndlela. Ifektri yethu yomongo wethambo ivelisa iqela elitsha 'lamajoni' angaqeqeshwanga (ii-lymphocytes). Kodwa aba bantu abanakuya ngqo ekulweni nezifo. Bafuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. I-thymus 'sisikolo soqeqesho lomkhosi' esibonelela ngolo qeqesho.
Ezi lymphocytes zingaqeqeshwanga zihamba ngegazi ziye kwi-thymus, apho ziba zii-T-cells ezinobuchule nezikhethekileyo zize emva koko ziphumelele. Ezi T-cells ziqeqeshweyo emva koko ziya kwii-lymph nodes zethu nakwamanye amalungu akwinkqubo ye-lymphatic, zilungele naluphi na ulwa. Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wethu, ezi T-cells zezona ziya phambili zilwe kwaye zisikhusele.
Ayipheleli apho, i-thymus ikwasebenza njengenxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine . Oko kukuthi, yinxalenye yenkqubo evelisa iihomoni ezifunekayo ukuze umzimba usebenze. Nazi ezinye zeehomoni eziveliswa yi-thymus:
- I-Thymopoietin: Oku kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-T-cells kwaye kunika imiqondiso kwi-pituitary gland engqondweni yethu ukuba ikhuphe ezinye iihomoni.
- I-Thymosin kunye ne-thymulin: Ezi zinceda ekudaleni iintlobo ezithile zee-T-cells.
- I-Thymic humoral factor: Le hormone inceda ukugcina amasosha omzimba ethu esebenza kakuhle.
I-thymus isebenza kakhulu xa ineminyaka emingaphi?
Le yeyona nto imangalisayo. I-thymus isebenza kakhulu ebuntwaneni . Enyanisweni, ngaphambi kokuba uzalwe, usesesibelekweni sikamama wakho, i-thymus yakho iqala ukwenza ii-T-cells. Iqhubeka nokwenza ii-T-cells ebuntwaneni bonke.
Xa ufikelela ekufikiseni , i-thymus yakho sele ivelise uninzi lwee-T-cells oza kuzidinga ubomi bakho bonke. Kanye njengokuba umkhosi omkhulu uqeqeshwa kwaye uthunyelwa ukukhusela ilizwe, kwaye intloko yesikolo soqeqesho ithatha umhlala-phantsi, emva kokufikisa i-thymus iqala ukuncipha kancinci kancinci. Indawo enciphileyo ayipheleli, kodwa endaweni yoko izaliswe ngamafutha. Oku kuqhelekile ngokupheleleyo.
Iphi le thymus? Ndingayibona njani?
I-thymus ikwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sethu, ngqo emva kwethambo lesifuba (sternum) . Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga emibini, ngaphezulu kancinci naphambi kwentliziyo.
Yi-gland epinki-ngwevu ekhanyayo. Yenziwe zii-lobes ezimbini ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga. I-thymus inkulu kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nobukhulu bayo kwiintsana nakubantwana. Ifikelela kubunzima bayo obuphezulu, malunga ne-28 grams (1 ounce), ngexesha lokufikisa. Emva koko iyancipha kancinci kancinci njengoko sikhula.
Ziziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela i-thymus?
Ngokwesiqhelo, asifane sibe neengxaki nge-thymus kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga zinokubakho. Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizifo zemfuza ezikhoyo ekuzalweni ukuya kumhlaza owenzeka ebudaleni. Masiyiqonde ngokulula le theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Imeko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifo sikaDiGeorge | Le yimeko yokuzalwa. Kwimeko enjalo, i-thymus yomntwana ayifumaneki xa ezalwa, okanye incinci kakhulu kwaye ayikhuli kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, amandla okuzikhusela omzimba omntwana abuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo oluqhubekayo noluqatha. |
| Isifo se-graft-versus-host | Ukuba umntwana one-DiGeorge syndrome utyalwa nge-thymus evela kumntwana oswelekileyo, amandla okuzikhusela komntwana anokubuyiselwa kwinqanaba elithile. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli ezivela kwi-thymus esandula utyalwa ziqala ukuhlasela iiseli zomntwana. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngolu hlobo. |
| Izihlwele zeMediastinal | Inxalenye ephakathi yesifuba apho i-thymus ikhoyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-mediastinum. Nasiphi na isigaxa, i-sac egcwele ulwelo (cyst), okanye ukungaqhelekanga okwenzeka kule ndawo kubizwa ngeli gama. Ezi zisenokuba ngumhlaza okanye azinakuba ngumhlaza. |
| I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma - Umhlaza we-Thymus | Ezi ziintlobo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza eziqala kwiiseli ezikwi-thymus. I-Thymoma ifana neeseli ze-thymus eziqhelekileyo, ikhula kancinci, kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. I-Thymic carcinoma ayifani neeseli eziqhelekileyo, ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. |
Ezinye izifo ezinxulumene nomhlaza we-thymus
Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iimeko zonyango ezingahambelani ngokuthe ngqo neethumba ze-thymus zinokwenzeka.
- I-Myasthenia gravis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Kule meko, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela yenza ii-antibodies ezithintela imiqondiso esuka kwimithambo-luvo yethu iye kwimisipha yethu. Oku kubangela ubuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
- I-aplasia yeeseli ezibomvu ezicocekileyo: Kule meko, umzimba awukwazi ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia enzima.
- I-Hypogammaglobulinemia: Amanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ee-antibodies emzimbeni, nto leyo enciphisa amandla omzimba okumelana nezifo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwezi zifo azifumaneki lula. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ngokungeyomfuneko ngokufunda ngazo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-thymus?
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza we-thymus. Ukuba unesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ixesha elide, kububulumko ukubona ugqirha.
- Intlungu kwisifuba esingaphezulu (intlungu kwindawo apho kukho i-thymus)
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okungenakuyekiswa
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukurhawuzela kwelizwi
- Ukudumba kobuso, intamo, isifuba esingaphezulu, okanye iingalo
Ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika uze ucinge ukuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa ungaze uzityeshele ezi mpawu. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho uze uthethe ngayo.
Ngaba singaphila ngaphandle kwe-thymus?
Lo ngumbuzo olungileyo. Njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, umsebenzi ophambili we-thymus usebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Xa umntu omdala ezalwa, sele evelise ii-T-cells ezaneleyo zobomi. Ke ngoko, umntu omdala unokuphila ngaphandle kwe-thymus. Ukuba, ngesizathu esithile, i-thymus yomntu omdala kufuneka isuswe ngotyando, ayiyi kubangela naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-thymus gland yosana okanye umntwana omncinci kufuneka isuswe, inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo, umntwana onjalo unokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana usulelo, afumane izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, afumane i-allergies, kwaye abe sengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
Ngaba i-thymus kunye ne-thyroid zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe! Abantu abaninzi bayadideka kuba la magama mabini afana kancinci. Kodwa i-thymus kunye ne-thyroid zii-glands ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Indawo yazo, umsebenzi wazo, yonke into yahlukile.
| Uphawu | I-Thymus | Indlala yegilo |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo | Kwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba, ngasemva kwesifuba. | Ngaphambili entanyeni, ngaphantsi kwengxolo (ibhokisi yelizwi). |
| Inkqubo ephethwe ngumntu | Ngokuyintloko yiNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMzimba kunye neNkqubo yeLymphatic. | Ngokuyintloko yiNkqubo ye-Endocrine. |
| Umsebenzi ophambili | Uqeqesho kunye nokuvuthwa kwee-T-cells (iiseli zomzimba). | Ukuveliswa kweehomoni ezilawula ukukhula komzimba kunye nemetabolism. |
Uyabona, akunjalo? La ngamabali amabini ahluke ngokupheleleyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-thymus yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ifana nesikolo soqeqesho esiqeqesha amajoni okuzikhusela emizimbeni yethu, esibizwa ngokuba zii-T-cells.
- Le ndlala isebenza kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Kuqhelekile ukuba inciphe kancinci kancinci emva kokufikisa.
- Izifo ezinxulumene ne-Thymus zinqabile kakhulu, kodwa ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, musa ukoyika kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
- I-thymus kunye ne-thyroid azifani. Indawo kunye nemisebenzi yazo yahlukile ngokupheleleyo.
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