Kwenzeka ntoni engqondweni xa ubetheka entloko - Masifunde ngeTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni engqondweni yakho xa ubetha intloko yakho ngamandla, okanye xa wenzakala yinto ebetha intloko yakho? Ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo lweziganeko lunokuba nzulu kunokuba ucinga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo lokulimala kwentloko, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) . Le yimeko yezonyango enzulu echaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo yethu.

Yintoni kanye kanye iTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Ngamafutshane, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI) kukulimala kwengqondo okubangelwa kukubetheka kakhulu entloko, ukushukuma, okanye into engene ekhayeni ize ingene engqondweni. Cinga ngale ndlela: njengekhokhonathi ewela eweni eliphezulu kwaye amanzi angaphakathi kuyo akhululwa, ingqondo yethu nayo ingaphakathi ekhayeni, ngoko ke ukuba ubethe intloko yakho ngamandla, ingqondo ingabetha ngaphakathi ekhayeni. Okanye, ukuba into ebukhali ibetha intloko yakho, ingangena ekhayeni ize yonakalise ingqondo.

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yiTBI, yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa kunye nokukhubazeka kwexesha elide kumazwe afana ne-United States. Inokubangela iingxaki zempilo zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Oko kuthetha ukuba inokuchaphazela yonke into ebomini bakho. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kukho unyango lwayo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kukho iindlela zokuthintela olu hlobo lweengozi.

Sihlala sisiva ngokwenzakala entloko okunje eSri Lanka, akunjalo? Ukuwa ebhayisekileni, ukubetheka entloko ngelixa udlala imidlalo, iingozi zeemoto... zonke ezi zinto zinokubangela iTBI. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iTBI?

Esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo kunokuba unokucinga. Umzekelo, ngo-2020, abantu abangaphezu kwama-214,000 eMelika kuphela bangeniswa esibhedlele ngenxa yeTBI. Kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwama-69,000 basweleka ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene neTBI. Ngoko ke le ayisiyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Ziziphi iintlobo zokwenzakala kwengqondo okubangela i-traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Oogqirha bahlula ezi TBI zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

1. I-TBI engenelayo: Oku kwenzeka xa into ebukhali (njengembumbulu, imela, okanye iqhekeza lesinyithi) ingena ekhayeni lakho ize yonakalise izicubu zobuchopho. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza oku ngokuthi ``I-TBI Evulekileyo''.

2. I-TBI engangeniyo/engacacanga: Oku kwenzeka xa intloko yakho ibetheka kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo ishukume okanye ijijeke ngaphakathi kwentloko. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "I-TBI yentloko evaliweyo" okanye "I-TBI engacacanga". Oku kungenzeka kwingozi yemoto, ukuwa, ukubetheka entloko, ukuqhuma, okanye ukubetheka entloko ngelixa udlala imidlalo.

Ukongeza, oogqirha bakwahlukanisa iimeko zeTBI njengezincinci , eziphakathi, nezinzima .

• I-TBI ebuthathaka:Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, lubala ngaphezulu kwe-75% yazo zonke iiTBI. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza le TBI incinci ngokuthi yi-concussion . Nangona kunjalo, nangona incinci, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, zexesha elide. Umntu oneTBI encinci unokuba nobunzima bokubuyela kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokuya emsebenzini.
• I-TBI Ephakathi Neqatha: Zombini ezi meko zihlala zibangela iingxaki zempilo ezibalulekileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide.

Zithini iimpawu zeTBI?

Ukuba uneTBI, oko kuthetha ukuba intloko yakho itshayelwe ndaweni ithile kwaye ingqondo yakho ishukunyisiwe okanye ijijekile ngaphakathi kwentloko yakho. Xa oku kusenzeka, ingqondo yakho inokonakala kwaye imithambo yegazi engqondweni yakho inokulimala. ITBI ibangela utshintsho lweekhemikhali engqondweni yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zengqondo ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle.

Iimpawu zeTBI ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zincinci, ziphakathi, okanye zinzima. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na iTBI inokubangela iimpawu. Ezi zinokubandakanya iingxaki zomzimba, ubunzima bokucinga nokukhumbula, kunye neengxaki zentlalo okanye zeemvakalelo. Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana baneempawu ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usana oluncinci luneTBI, lunokuba neempawu ezifana nobunzima bokutya okanye ukuncancisa, okanye lusenokukhala ngokungalawulekiyo nokuba luthuthuzelwa kangakanani na.

Iimpawu zeTBI ebuthathaka

Iimpawu zeTBI encinci ziyahluka. Zinokuvela kwangoko emva kokwenzakala, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, okanye iveki kamva. Usenokungaqapheli unxibelelwano phakathi kokwenzakala entloko kunye nokungakhululeki okuvayo. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokutshintsha njengoko ingqondo iphola.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zeempawu:

Iingxaki zomzimba:

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukudinwa okanye ukulahleka kokulinganisela
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya (amehlo abonakala ngathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ubuthathaka
• Iingxaki zokubona, umzekelo, ukubona okufipheleyo

Iingxaki zokucinga okanye zokukhumbula:

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ubunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane
• Uvakalelwa kukuba yonke into yenzeka kancinci, ngokungathi uhamba kancinci.
• Ukurhawuzelela

Iingxaki zentlalo okanye zeemvakalelo:

• Ixhala
• Ukuxhalaba rhoqo
• Ukucaphuka

Iingxaki zokulala:

I-TBI ethambileyo inokuchaphazela nokulala kwakho. Oku kungabandakanya ubunzima bokulala, ukulala kancinci kunesiqhelo, okanye ukulala ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.

Iimpawu zeTBI ephakathi okanye enzima

NjengeTBI engembi kangako, iimpawu zeTBI ephakathi okanye enzima zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki zomzimba:

Ezi zinokuba zizinto ezinzulu kakhulu, umzekelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo. I-TBI ephakathi inokuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30 kwaye ingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24. I-TBI enzima inokuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24.
• I-Coma
• Ubuthathaka kwiingalo nasemilenzeni
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa
• Iingxaki zokuva okanye zokubona
• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, ezifana nokuchukumisa

Iingxaki zokucinga okanye zokukhumbula:

I-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ubunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane
• Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye
• Ukurhawuzelela

Iingxaki zentlalo okanye zeemvakalelo:

I-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ixhala
• Ukuxhalaba rhoqo
• Ukucaphuka
• Usizi, ukuzisola
• Uxinzelelo
• Umsindo
• Ubundlobongela
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukuziphatha
• Ukusebenza ngokungakhathali ngaphezu kwesiqhelo

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yeTBI?

I-TBI ethambileyo, ephakathi, neqatha inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba uneTBI encinci, kwaye awuniki ingqondo yakho ixesha elaneleyo lokuphola, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo esisongela ubomi esibizwa ngokuba yi-second-impact syndrome . Kulapho ingqondo idumba ngequbuliso kwaye izicubu zobuchopho zitshintsha ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

I-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima inokubangela iziphumo zexesha elide, kuquka:

• Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kunye nokukhubazeka
• Ukunciphisa ixesha lobomi

Ukongeza, i-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima yonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula kwezifo ezifana nezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ixhala
• I-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (isifo esifumaneka kubantu ababethelwa entloko rhoqo, njengabadlali bezemidlalo)
• Uxinzelelo
• Iingxaki zokunyakaza
• Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Emva Kwengozi (PTSD)

Ifunyaniswa njani i-TBI?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneTBI encinci, ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Baza kuzama nokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangele ukwenzakala. Banokwenza uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso. I -CT scan okanye i-MRI ingenziwa ukujonga ukopha okanye ukudumba kwengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ukuba uneTBI ephakathi okanye enzima, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-CT scan ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba loluphi unyango olufunekayo ngoko nangoko.

Zithini iindlela zonyango lwe-TBI?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-TBI ethambileyo nephakathi/enzima. Unyango oluthile lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.

Unyango lwe-TBI ebuthathaka

Ukuba uneTBI encinci, oogqirha banokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphumla: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kufuneka unike ingqondo yakho ixesha lokuphola.
• Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu ezingezizo ii-NSAID ezinokuthathwa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (umz. i-paracetamol. Kodwa kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho.)
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango ukuze kubonwe ukuba iimpawu ezintsha ziyavela na okanye ukuba iimpawu ezikhoyo ziya ziba mandundu kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezizayo.

Unyango lwe-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima

I-TBI ephakathi okanye enzima yingxamiseko yezonyango. Oogqirha banokwenza utyando olufana nolu:

• Nciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi.
• Kwimeko yeTBI engena ngaphakathi (oko kuthetha ukuba into ethile iqhekeza ukhakhayi ize ingene kwizicubu zobuchopho), susa nayiphi na inkunkuma engaphakathi kukhakhayi.
• Susa amahlwili egazi.
• Lungisa ukwaphuka kwentloko.
• Faka iimonitha ezinokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye namanqanaba eoksijini engqondweni.

Oogqirha banokukunika amayeza afana nala:

• Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu ezichazwe ngugqirha.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula.
• Amayeza athintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni (i-venous thromboembolism).
• Izinto ezikhuthazayo ezandisa ukuphaphama.
• Amayeza okudakumba.
• Amayeza okunyanga ixhala (i-Anxiolytics).

Emva kokuba uphilile emva kotyando, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqale unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Injongo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kukuphucula amandla akho okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla nokukunceda ulawule imingeni efana neengxaki zonxibelelwano okanye zempilo yengqondo. Unokufumana unyango olufana nolu:

• Ulungiso lwenyama
• Unyango lomsebenzi
• Unyango lokuthetha
• Unyango lokuphefumla
• Unyango lwezengqondo ukunceda kuyo nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo yengqondo okanye yengqondo

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwi-TBI?

Kuxhomekeke ngokwenene kwimeko yakho. Yonke i-TBI inokuba nemingeni. Kwezinye iimeko, i-TBI inokuba nemiphumo yexesha elide. Ukuba une-TBI, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungalindela ntoni.

Kubalulekile: Inkqubo yokuchacha yomntu wonke yahlukile, ngoko ke ungazithelekisi nabanye. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba i-TBI ingathintelwa?

Usenokungakwazi ukuphepha yonke into enokubangela i-TBI. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela intloko yakho nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-TBI. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Nciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuwa: Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Cinga ngokufaka ii-handrails kwizinyuko kunye nokudala iindlela ezicacileyo nezikhuselekileyo ekhayeni lakho (umzekelo, ukususa iikhaphethi, iintambo zombane ezinde, kunye nezinto ezincinci zefenitshala ezinokukukhubekisa).
• Dlala ngokukhuselekileyo: Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela (njengesigcina-ntloko) ukuba udlala imidlalo yokudibanisa umzimba, ukhwela iibhayisekile, okanye ukhwela iibhayisekile.
• Bopha ibhanti yakho yesihlalo: Xa uqhuba, nxiba ibhanti yakho yesihlalo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba nabanye abantu ohamba nabo banxibe amabhanti esihlalo. Xa uhamba neentsana ezincinci nabantwana, soloko ubagcina kwizihlalo zeemoto okanye kwizihlalo zokunyusa.

NdineTBI encinci. Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Uninzi lwabantu abaneTBI engephi baba bhetele xa bephumla iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba uneTBI engephi, ungazinyamekela ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ziphephe izinto ezinokwenzakalisa intloko nengqondo yakho kwakhona.
• Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu onokuzisebenzisa kwaye uzisebenzise nini.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ingqondo yakho ifuna ixesha lokuphola. Ukuba unengxaki yokulala, thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinto onokuzenza ukuze ulale kakuhle.

Abantu abaneTBI kufuneka baye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneTBI, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unenye yezi mpawu:

• Ukuba intloko ayipheli, okanye ukuba iba mandundu.
• Ukuba ukuhlanza akupheli.
• Intetho engacacanga.

Ukuba unyamekela umntu oneTBI, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Abakho zingqondweni, kwaye awukwazi ukubavusa.
• Ukuba banesithukuthezi.
• Ukuba uyaqaphela, iliso elimnyama kwelinye lamehlo abo likhulu kakhulu kunelinye.

Umntu osondeleyo kum uneTBI ephakathi okanye embi kakhulu. Ndingamnceda njani?

Ukuba unyamekela umntu oneTBI, unokufuna inkxaso kunye nesikhokelo sokuba ungamnceda njani ukuba akhe ubomi bakhe kwakhona. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Funda ngendlela iTBI ebachaphazela ngayo. Ukwazi into onokuyilindela kunokukunceda umxhase ngcono umntu omthandayo njengoko ejongene nemingeni.
• Bakhuthaze ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kunyango.
• Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukubanceda baphumle ngokwaneleyo.
• Zikhathalele nawe.Ukunyamekela umntu onesifo sephepha esinzima kunokuba yinto edinisayo nebangela uxinzelelo. Buza oogqirha bomntu omthandayo malunga neenkonzo kunye neenkqubo ezinokukunceda ufumane ikhefu.
• Joyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukunxibelelana nabantu abayiqondayo into ojongene nayo kunokukunceda uzive ngathi awuwedwa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba uneTBI encinci, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lweTBI endinalo?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando okanye unyango?
• Ndiza kuphola nini?
• Ndiza kukwazi nini ukubuyela emsebenzini okanye esikolweni?

Ukuba unyamekela umntu oneTBI enzima, ungazibuza le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
• Luhlobo luni lokuvuselelwa oluya kufuneka?
• Zithini amathuba okuba baphile kwakhona?
• Ndingabanceda njani ukuba bajongane nale meko?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI) , ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko, kunokuba yingozi ebomini kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa nokuba yiTBI encinci inokutshintsha ubomi bakho. ITBI inokwenzeka xa ubetha intloko yakho okanye into ibetha intloko yakho. Ezi zinokubangela iingxaki zexesha elifutshane okanye elide, kwaye zinokuchaphazela yonke into ebomini bakho. ITBI inokutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo, oziphatha ngayo, oziva ngayo, nofunda ngayo. Inokukuchaphazela nokukwazi kwakho ukusebenza nokwakha ubudlelwane.

I-TBI inokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka ukuwa okungalindelekanga, iingozi zeemoto, kunye nobundlobongela phakathi kwabantu. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uya kukwazi ukuphepha yonke into enokubangela i-TBI. Kodwa ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Ukuba ukhathazekile ukuba usenokuba sengozini ye-TBI, buza ugqirha malunga nendlela yokuzikhusela wena nengqondo yakho kwi-TBI. Intloko yakho yinto exabisekileyo, kwaye luxanduva lwakho ukuyinyamekela.

I- TBI, ukwenzakala kwengqondo, ukwenzakala entloko, ukuxinwa yingqondo, ukwenzakala entloko, ukwenzakala kwengqondo, umonakalo wengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo