Njengomzali, ndiyaqonda ukuba intliziyo yakho inzima kangakanani xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphene sentliziyo azalwa naso. Ukuva loo mazwi kunokuvakala ngathi ihlabathi lakho lonke liwile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yiTricuspid Atresia ngokulula nangokucacileyo. Uya kuziva ukhululekile xa uyiqonda kakuhle into eyiyo, isizathu sokuba yenzeka, kunye nento enokwenziwa.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTricuspid Atresia?
Cinga ngentliziyo yethu njengendlu encinci enamagumbi amane. Kukho amagumbi amabini phezulu namagumbi amabini phantsi. Kukho iingcango zegazi ukuze igazi lihambe phakathi kwala magumbi. I-Tricuspid Atresia sisiphene sokuzalwa kwi-Tricuspid Valve, eyivalvu ephakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu (i-Right Atrium) kunye negumbi elingaphantsi (i-Right Ventricle) kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo.
Endaweni yalo mnyango, kukho udonga olwenziwe ngezicubu ezixineneyo. Kufana nokuba umntu wakha udonga apho kufanele kubekho ucango khona. Ngoko ke igazi elingenaoksijini eliphuma kwigumbi eliphezulu ngasekunene alinandlela yokufikelela kwigumbi elisezantsi. Eli gazi kufuneka liye kwigumbi elisezantsi lize lipompelwe emiphungeni ukuze lifumane ioksijini.
Ngoko ke, ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwale ndlela kudala iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu:
1. Igumbi elingaphantsi liyancipha: Igumbi elingaphantsi kwicala lasekunene (i-Right Ventricle) alikhuli kakuhle kuba igazi alifiki kuyo. Lidla ngokuba lincinci kwaye libe buthathaka.
2. Igazi alihambi liye emiphungeni: Ubungakanani begazi ekufuneka liye emiphungeni ukuze kufunyanwe ioksijini buyancipha kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba ioksijini ingafumaneki ngokwaneleyo emzimbeni wonke.
I-Tricuspid atresia sisifo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga nesinzima esizalwa naso, kodwa sinokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye notyando.
Ingaba le meko isongela ubomi?
Ewe. Oogqirha bacinga ukuba iTricuspid Atresia sisifo sentliziyo esibi kakhulu . Kwangoko nje umntwana onesi sifo ezelwe, kufuneka anyanyekelwe kwigumbi lokunyamekela abantwana abanengxaki yentliziyo enzima (ICU) eligxile ekunyangeni abantwana abaneengxaki zentliziyo ezinzima. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana uya kufuna utyando lwentliziyo olungxamisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ekhaya. Ukuba esi sifo asiqatshelwa kwaye asinyangwa, sinokubulala. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zeTricuspid Atresia?
Ewe, oogqirha bayahlula le meko kwiintlobo ezininzi eziphambili. Isizathu soku kukuba iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwezinye iziphene zentliziyo ezenzeka kwesi sifo.
| Uhlobo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo I | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Imithambo yegazi ephambili ephuma entliziyweni (umthambo wemiphunga kunye ne-aorta) ikwindawo efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi asezantsi entliziyo (i-ventricular septal defect) okanye ingxaki ngevalvu yemiphunga. |
| Uhlobo II | Apha, imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ijikile. Oko kukuthi, omnye ulapho omnye ufanele ukuba khona. Kukwakho nomngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi asezantsi (iVentricular Septal Defect). |
| Uhlobo lwesithathu | Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwesifo sentliziyo. Lubandakanya indibaniselwano yeengxaki ezinzima ezibandakanya imithambo yegazi emikhulu kunye namagumbi entliziyo. |
Oogqirha baza kukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho uluhlobo luni emva kokuhlolwa kwe-echocardiogram.
Ziziphi iimpawu onokuzibona njengomzali?
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
- Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nemilebe (iCyanosis): Ulusu lomntwana, imilebe, kunye naphantsi kweenzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Olu luphawu oluphambili nolucacileyo.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza: Umntwana usenokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye abonakale ephefumla ngokukhawuleza, ngokungathi uphefumla nzima.
- Ubunzima bokusela nokudinwa ngokukhawuleza: Umntwana unokudinwa emva kokusela ubisi oluncinci. Ngoko ke, yeka ukusela phakathi, okanye unokubila ngelixa esela.
- Ukungakwazi ukuthwala umntwana: Ukukhula nokukhula komntwana kuhamba kancinci ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesondlo neoksijini efunekayo.
- Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo: Xa ugqirha ehlola intliziyo nge-stethoscope, usenokuva isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga.
Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka kubantwana abancinci?
Kunjalo ngobaIsizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa okwangoku. Ezi ziphene zokuzalwa zenzeka kwangethuba ekukhuleni komntwana esibelekweni, ingakumbi kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-6-8 zokukhulelwa xa intliziyo isakhiwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafunyaniswa izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuba esi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Izinto ezinobungozi
Ezinye iimeko umama ajongene nazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokuchaphazela oku:
- Usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane: Ukuba nesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ingakumbi esifana ne-German measles.
- Isifo seswekile: Umama unesifo seswekile kwaye asilawulwa kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Amayeza athile: Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile okuxhuzula okanye i-acne.
- Izizathu zofuzo: Omnye wabazali unesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa okanye umntwana unesifo sofuzo esifana neDown syndrome.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?
I-Tricuspid atresia inokufunyanwa ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa.
- Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe: Ukuba kufunyenwe into engaqhelekanga entliziyweni yomntwana ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-fetal echocardiogram. Oku kuvumela ukuba ulwakhiwo lwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kubonakale ngokucacileyo.
- Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe: Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokuqala emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ugqirha unokuva isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga ('ukumbombozela kwentliziyo'). Kwakhona, ukuba umntwana uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uvavanyo olulula olubizwa ngokuba yi-'pulse oximetry' luya kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa inqanaba leoksijini egazini. Ukuba oku kuphakamisa amathandabuzo, uvavanyo lwe -'echocardiogram' (echo) luya kwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe ngokuqinisekileyo isifo.
Uvavanyo lwe-`Echo` lungabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ivalvu ye-tricuspid ayikho, i-ventricle yasekunene incinci, kwaye nokuba kukho eminye imingxunya entliziyweni (`i-atrial septal defect` okanye `i-ventricular septal defect`).
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Le meko ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa unyango lujolise ekugcineni ukusebenza kwentliziyo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kangangoko kunye nokuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi ukuze umzimba ufumane ioksijini oyidingayo. Iindlela zonyango zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: amayeza kunye notyando.
Unyango ngamayeza
Ngaphambi kotyando, umntwana unikwa amayeza okuzinzisa imeko. Iyeza eliphambili liyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-`Alprostadil`. Oku kugcina umthambo omncinci wegazi (`ductus arteriosus`) entliziyweni yomntwana, odla ngokuvaleka xa ezalwa, uvulekile okwethutyana. Oku kudala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lihambe liye emiphungeni.
Utyando
Utyando lubalulekile ukuze umntwana oneTricuspid Atresia asinde. Oku akwenzeki rhoqo ngotyando olunye. Ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana, kufuneka uthotho lotyando oluya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
| Igama lotyando | Kwenzeka ntoni nje |
|---|---|
| I-BTT Shunt | Oku kudla ngokwenziwa njengotyando lokuqala. Kule nkqubo, kuthathwa ityhubhu encinci (i-shunt) kumthambo oyintloko othwala igazi emzimbeni uze uqhagamshelwe kumthambo othwala igazi emiphungeni. Oku kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emiphungeni. |
| Inkqubo kaGlenn | Olu tyando lwenziwa xa umntwana eneminyaka emalunga ne-4-6 ubudala. Kule nkqubo, igazi elingenaoksijini elivela emzimbeni ongaphezulu lidluliselwa ngqo emiphungeni, lidlule entliziyweni. |
| Inkqubo yeFontan | Eli linqanaba lokugqibela lotyando. Lwenziwa xa umntwana ephakathi kweminyaka emi-2-4 ubudala. Apha, igazi elingenaoksijini eliphuma kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba liqhagamshelwe ngqo emiphungeni. Emva kolu tyando, ukuxutywa kwegazi elineoksijini eninzi kunye negazi elingenaoksijini phantse kuyeke ngokupheleleyo. |
Emva kolu tyando, umntwana kuya kufuneka ahlale esibhedlele iveki enye ukuya kwezimbini. Okokuqala kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu, emva koko adluliselwe kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo. Ukuba olu tyando aluphumelelanga okanye ukuba intliziyo iba buthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunokucingelwa ukuba afakelwe intliziyo.
Buza kuba njani ubomi bomntwana emva konyango?
Olu tyando lunokusondeza umntwana kubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka abe phantsi kweliso likagqirha wentliziyo ubomi bakhe bonke.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Ubudala bomntwana kunye nenqanaba lonyango kuya kugqiba ukuba ugqirha kufuneka ambone kangaphi. Emva kotyando lweFontan, kuya kufuneka uye kuhlolwa ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukubeka iliso ekhaya: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ujonge rhoqo kwaye urekhode izinto ezifana nobunzima bomntwana wakho kunye namanqanaba eoksijini ekhaya.
- Ii-antibiotics: Kusenokufuneka uthathe ii-antibiotics zokuthintela izifo ngaphambi kokuba wenze izinto ezifana nonyango lwamazinyo.
- Umsebenzi womzimba:Kusenokufuneka unciphise imidlalo nemisebenzi enzima. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane ingcebiso.
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda: Abanye abantwana abane-Tricuspid Atresia banomngcipheko omncinci wokuba nokukhubazeka kokufunda okanye i-ADHD. Oku kubalulekile ukuba ukuqaphele.
Ungathini ngobomi baba bantwana?
Le yingxaki ebucayi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, ukuba ayinyangwa, iintsana ezininzi ezineTricuspid Atresia azinakuze zikwazi nokubhiyozela usuku lwazo lokuzalwa lokuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, ngotyando, le meko itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuhambela phambili kweteknoloji yezonyango namhlanje, uninzi lwabantwana abenza utyando baphila bade babe ngabantu abadala. Ngokwezinye izifundo, uninzi lwabo baye benza utyando baphila ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-20. Kulindeleke ukuba umntwana oye wenza utyando lwe-'Fontan' angaphila iminyaka engama-35-40 nangaphezulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tricuspid atresia sisifo sentliziyo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa kukuzalwa apho ivalvu kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo ingekho.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukuba ulusu lomntwana luba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nobunzima bokutya.
- Nangona oku kusongela ubomi, utyando oluphambili lwanamhlanje lunokunika umntwana ithuba lokuphila ubomi obulungileyo.
- Unyango ludla ngokuba nothotho lweenkqubo zotyando ezenziwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
- Emva kotyando, umntwana uya kufuna ukujongwa ubomi bakhe bonke yingcali yentliziyo.
- Njengomzali, ungathandabuzi ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo okanye uloyiko onalo. Okukhona unolwazi oluthe kratya, kokukhona uya kukwazi ngakumbi ukubonelela umntwana wakho ngononophelo olungcono.
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