Kuqhelekile ukuba nabani na abe noloyiko xa esiva igama elithi umhlaza webele. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyazi kukuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza webele ezifanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zazo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olungaqhelekanga kwaye olufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ngexesha lonyango. Silubiza ngokuba yi-'Triple-Negative Breast Cancer' (i-TNBC ngamafutshane). Ukuva eli gama kunokuvakala kunzima kuwe, kodwa ungoyiki. Siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Triple-Negative'?
Kulungile, masiqale ngentsingiselo yale gama. Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sibe nombono omncinci wendlela iiseli zomhlaza webele ezisebenza ngayo.
Khawucinge ukuba iiseli emzimbeni wethu zifana neengcango. Ezo ngcango zinezitshixo ezibamba izitshixo. Kwizonyango, ezi zitshixo sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-receptors'. Xa izitshixo ezihambelana nezi receptors zifika zize ziqhagamshelane, ezo seli zifumana imiyalezo ethile.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zee-receptors ezibaluleke kakhulu kumhlaza webele.
1. Ii-Estrogen Receptors (ER): Ezi zinxulunyaniswa ne-estrogen yehomoni yabasetyhini.
2. IiProgesterone Receptors (PR): Ezi zinxulunyaniswa nenye ihomoni yabasetyhini ebizwa ngokuba yiprogesterone.
3. Ii-HER2 Receptors: Le yi-receptor ebopha kwiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-HER2. Le proteni ilawula ukukhula kweeseli zebele.
Kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza webele, inye, zimbini, okanye zonke ezi zintathu zee-receptors zikhutshwa kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi hormones kunye neeproteni zinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Kufana nokongeza ipetroli emlilweni. Ngoko ke xa oogqirha benyanga ezi receptors, bajolise kwezi receptors baze bazinike amayeza azithintelayo (unyango olujoliswe kuzo). La mayeza avala ezo 'zingxobo ziphambili'. Emva koko iiseli zomhlaza azifumani imiyalezo eziyidingayo ukuze zikhule.
Ngamafutshane, 'i-triple-negative' ithetha ukuba ezi seli zomhlaza azinazo zonke ezi receptor zintathu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla (i-estrogen, i-progesterone, kunye ne-HER2) . 'I-Negative' ithetha 'hayi'. 'I-triple-negative' kuba ayinazo zonke ezintathu.
Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ingxaki iphi? Amayeza aqhelekileyo ajolisa kwii-receptors awasebenzi kolu hlobo lomhlaza. Kuba akukho receptor ekufuneka ijoliswe kuyo. Lo ngumceli mngeni ophambili ngomhlaza we-TNBC. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba awunakunyangwa. Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo zoku, kwaye siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva.
Zithini iimpawu zalo mhlaza?
Iimpawu zomhlaza webele oneempawu ezintathu zifana kakhulu nezo zezinye iintlobo zomhlaza webele. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga emabeleni akho, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, nceda ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza, kodwa bubulumko ukuba uhlolwe.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iqhuma elitsha okanye ukuqina kwebele | Into efana neqhuma elingazange libekho ngaphambili, libanjwe esandleni. |
| Intlungu yebele okanye ingono | Intlungu engapheliyo, engachazekiyo. |
| Utshintsho lolusu lwebele | Ukufiphala, ukuba bomvu, ukuqina, okanye ukoma kolusu, okufana nexolo leorenji. |
| Ukuguqulwa kweengono | Ingono eyayiqhelekile ngaphambili ingena ngaphakathi. |
| Ukukhupha ingono | Igazi okanye olunye ulwelo oluphuma kwingono xa ungengomama oncancisayo. |
| Ukudumba kwamabele | Ukudumba kwebele, nokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. |
| Amaqhuma ekhwapheni okanye kufutshane ne-collarbone | Amaqhuma abangelwa kukudumba kwee-lymph nodes. |
Khumbula, i-mammogram rhoqo inokufumanisa umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uhlolo olufanelekileyo ngokweminyaka ngexesha.
Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela ukuba kubekho lo mhlaza?
Abaphandi abakafumani unobangela othile walo mhlaza, kodwa bafumanise ukuba kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwawo kunye ne-genes.
Ngokukodwa, kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kotshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo i-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 kunye ne-TNBC. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA zinoxanduva lokulawula ukukhula komhlaza emizimbeni yethu. Njengenkqubo yeebhuleki zemoto. Xa kukho isiphene okanye utshintsho kwezi zakhi zofuzo, amandla okulawula umhlaza ayalahleka. Singazuza ezi zakhi zofuzo kubazali bethu.
Ngaphandle koku, kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-TNBC.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. (Kodwa inokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka.) |
| Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA | Umngcipheko uphezulu ngakumbi ukuba utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-BRCA1 lufunyenwe njengelifa. |
| Uhlanga/uhlanga | Ngokophando olwenziwe kwihlabathi liphela, lo mhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi baseAfrika okanye baseHispanic. |
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Xa usiya kugqirha malunga neqhuma lebele, uza kuqala ahlole amabele akho. Emva koko, baza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho. Ukongeza, baza kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- I-Mammogram: Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray lwebele.
- I-Ultrasound yebele: Inkqubo esebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yezicubu ezingaphakathi kwebele.
- I-MRI yamabele: Inkqubo esebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Ukuba ezi scan zibonisa umhlaza, uvavanyo olulandelayo olubalulekileyo yi biopsy . Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwiqhuma elirhanelekayo usebenzisa inaliti encinci uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope.
I-biopsy yeyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa nge-100% ukuba lo ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Kwakhona, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba lo ngumhlaza we-TNBC kukuhlola esi siqwenga sethishu uze ubone ukuba sinazo na ii-receptors ezintathu esithethe ngazo (ER, PR, HER2).
Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kuvavanyo lwemfuza ukujonga utshintsho lwemfuza, olufana ne-BRCA. Lonke olu lwazi lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunye nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Nangona kukho imingeni ekunyangeni umhlaza we-TNBC, ngoku kukho unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo kakhulu olufumanekayo. Ugqirha wakho womhlaza uza kucebisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo ngokwemeko yakho.
Unyango oluphambili kukususa ithumba elinomhlaza ngotyando. Ukongeza, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa kunye.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu lolunye lonyango oluphambili nolusebenzayo kwi-TNBC. Unyango lweKhemotherapy lunikwa ngaphambi kotyando lokunciphisa ithumba (i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy) nasemva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo nokuthintela isifo ukuba singabuyi (i-adjuvant chemotherapy).
- Unyango lweMisebe: Emva kotyando, imisebe enamandla aphezulu ijoliswe kwindawo apho umhlaza ubuya kutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu lonyango olutsha. Lusebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuba aqaphele kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza. Kwabanye abaguli be-TNBC, olu nyango lunokunikwa kunye ne-chemotherapy ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Kwizigulane ze-TNBC ezine-BRCA gene mutations, kusetyenziswa amayeza athile afana ne -PARP inhibitors . La mayeza asebenza ngokuphazamisa amandla eeseli zomhlaza okuzilungisa ngokwazo.
Okwangoku kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zeklinikhi eziqhubekayo kwihlabathi liphela ze-TNBC. Amayeza amatsha kunye nonyango olutsha zihlala zifunyanwa. Ke ngoko, sinokuba nethemba elihle ngekamva lesi sifo.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe emva konyango
Emva kotyando okanye olunye unyango, iingxaki zinokubakho ngamanye amaxesha. Umzekelo, inxeba lotyando linokuba nosulelo okanye igazi liqhekeke. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
| Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zosulelo |
|
| Iimpawu zehlwili legazi | Ukudumba okubuhlungu komlenze, ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezigqithisileyo | Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango (umz. ukuhlanza, urhudo) zinzima kakhulu ukuba zinganyanyekelwa. |
Izinto onokuzenza ukuze uhlale usempilweni ngexesha lonyango
Unyango lomhlaza luyinto ebangela uxinzelelo olukhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezinokukunceda uzive ukhululekile ngeli xesha.
- Ukuzilolonga okulula: Imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba ngeenyawo kunye neyoga inokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwaye inike umzimba wakho amandla aneleyo.
- Ukutya okulungileyo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okuquka iiproteni ezingenamafutha (intlanzi, inkukhu), iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo (irayisi emdaka, i-oatmeal). Sela amanzi amaninzi.
- Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Uphando lubonise ukuba ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo kukuxhasa kakuhle unyango.
- Inkxaso yengqondo:Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo malunga neemvakalelo zakho, uloyiko lwakho, kunye nokuxhalaba kwakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, funa uncedo kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo.
Ukuba iziphumo zonyango zimbi kakhulu, ungabi nazintloni zokuthetha neqela lakho lezonyango ngalo mba. Bazimisele ukukuxhasa ngeli xesha linzima.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza webele one-triple-negative (TNBC) luhlobo oluthile lomhlaza webele olungenazo zonke ii-receptors ezintathu: i-estrogen, i-progesterone, kunye ne-HER2.
- Ngoko ke, unyango lwe-hormone oluqhelekileyo kunye nonyango olujoliswe kwi-HER2 alusebenzi koku.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga ebeleni lakho (iqhuma, iintlungu, utshintsho lolusu), musa ukoyika kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Okukhona lubonakala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luphumelela ngakumbi.
- Kukho unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo koku, oluquka i-chemotherapy, utyando, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye nonyango lwanamhlanje olufana ne-immunotherapy.
- Nangona esi sisifo esinzima, ngokuhambela phambili kwezonyango zanamhlanje, unyango olutsha luhlala lufunyanwa. Ngoko ke musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.
- Themba iqela lakho lezonyango, uphendule imibuzo yabo ngokunyaniseka, kwaye ubabuze ngezinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Awuwedwa kolu hambo.
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