Intloko ebuhlungu evakala ngathi intloko yakho iza kuqhuma, izibane zivele phambi kwamehlo akho, uze uzive ngathi uza kuhlanza... Ngaba uqhelene nale meko? Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uhlale kwigumbi elimnyama nelithuleyo imini yonke, akunjalo? Intloko ebuhlungu ayisiyontloko nje kuphela, yinto eyaziwayo ngumntu onayo kuphela. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-migraine. Yiyo leyo iTriptans.
Zithini iiTriptans?
Ngamafutshane, iiTriptans luhlobo lwamayeza anikwa ukunqanda uhlaselo lwe-migraine xa sele luqalile . Zithathwa njengonyango lokuqala lwe-migraine. Kwiimeko ezininzi, la mayeza awathinteli uhlaselo lwe-migraine, kodwa anokunceda ukulawula iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu xa sele ziqalile .
Intloko ebuhlungu ayisiyontloko nje kuphela. Yimeko yemithambo-luvo echaphazela ingqondo yethu. Yingakho, ukongeza kwintloko ebuhlungu, kukho izinto ezifana nokutshintsha kombono, ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo ethu (aura), isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye nokuziva ukukhanya nesandi. Kwabanye, ezi mpawu zinzima kangangokuba abanakwenza nto ngaphandle kokulala phantsi kwindawo emnyama, ethuleyo de iphele intloko ebuhlungu.
IiTriptans, ezafunyanwa ngeminyaka yoo-1980, zatshintsha indlela ekunyangelwa ngayo iintloko ezibuhlungu. I-triptan yokuqala, `(Sumatriptan)` yaziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1990. Ezinye iitriptans ezininzi zaziswa kamva.
Ziziphi iintlobo zeetriptan ezikhoyo?
Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezisixhenxe zee-triptan. Zonke ziyanyanga ii-migraine, kodwa ezinye zivunyiwe kwiintlobo ezithile zee-migraine kwaye zingasetyenziswa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci. Eyona ndlela ilula yokuchonga la mayeza kukukhangela isimamva esithi "-triptan" emagameni awo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa iintlobo zee-triptan kunye nendlela ezinokufumaneka ngayo.
| Igama leziyobisi zeTriptan | Indlela yokufumana (iFomu) |
|---|---|
| I-Almotriptan | Ipilisi yomlomo |
| I-Eletriptan | Ipilisi yomlomo |
| I-Frovatriptan | Ipilisi yomlomo |
| I-Naratriptan | Ipilisi yomlomo |
| I-Rizatriptan | Ipilisi yomlomo |
| I-Sumatriptan | I-Oral, I-Spray/umgubo wempumlo, Inaliti engaphantsi kwesikhumba |
| I-Zolmitriptan | Iipilisi zomlomo, isitshizi sempumlo |
Zisebenza njani ezi ziyobisi zibizwa ngokuba yiTriptans?
Ukuze siqonde indlela eli yeza elisebenza ngayo, kufuneka siqonde kancinci malunga nendlela esiziva ngayo iintlungu kunye nendlela ezibangelwa ngayo iintloko ezibuhlungu.
Makhe sijonge indlela esiziva ngayo iintlungu.
Khawucinge ukuba ubethe umnwe wakho ndaweni ithile. Intlungu ayivakali ngomnwe. Imithambo-luvo emnweni ithumela umyalezo engqondweni isithi, "Kukho into ebuhlungu apha." Ingqondo iguqulela loo myalezo ibe "yintlungu" kwaye ikwenza uyive.
Iingqondo zethu azinazo iziphelo zemithambo-luvo eziva iintlungu, yiyo loo nto izazinzulu zingakayiqondi ngokupheleleyo indlela eyenzeka ngayo i-migraine. Kodwa ngoku zifumene iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba negalelo koku.
Ibali elingasemva kwemigraines
Kukholelwa ukuba izinto ezintathu eziphambili zinegalelo ekuveleni kwe-migraines:
1. Ukusebenza kwe-Neuron: Ingqondo yethu, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo yenziwe ngeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons. Xa kuvela i-migraine, ezinye ii-neurons ezikwingqondo ziyadubula ngendlela ethile. Oku kusebenza kwengqondo kuko okusibangela ukuba sive iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-migraine.
2. Utshintsho kwindlela igazi elihamba ngayo: Ngexesha le-migraine, imithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni iyaxina ize ivuleke. Oku kutshintsha indlela igazi elihamba ngayo. Ekubeni ii-triptan zichaphazela le mithambo yegazi, oku kukwacingelwa ukuba yimbangela ye-migraine.
3. Ukudumba:Ukudumba yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngumzimba wethu ukuzikhusela nokuzinyanga. Kukwafunyenwe ukuba iikhemikhali ezibangela ukudumba ziyakhutshwa ngexesha le-migraine.
Ii-triptan ziyichaphazela njani le nkqubo?
Ngoku makhe sibone indlela iiTriptans ezingenelela ngayo kule nto. Iiseli zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye ngeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. Ezi zifana nezihluthulelo. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo zineendawo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-receptors. Ezi zifana nezihluthulelo. Xa iqhosha elifanelekileyo (i-neurotransmitter) liqhagamshelwe kwiqhosha elifanelekileyo (i-receptor), iseli iya kusebenza.
IiTriptans zisebenza ngokulinganisa i-neurotransmitter serotonin engqondweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba la mayeza abopha kwaye asebenze ii-receptors ze-serotonin. Zichaphazela ikakhulu iintlobo ezintathu zee-receptors:
- Ii-receptors ze-5HT1B: Ezi zifumaneka kwimithambo yegazi yengqondo. Xa ii-triptan zivuselela ezi receptors, imithambo yegazi evulwe ngokungeyomfuneko ngenxa ye-migraines iyancipha. Oku kunciphisa iintlungu.
- Ii-receptor ze-5HT1D: Ezi zifumaneka kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ethi ``Trigeminal``, ebandakanyekayo ekuboneni kwethu iintlungu. Xa ii-triptan zivuselela ezi, ziyayeka ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezibangela iintlungu.
- Ii-receptors ze-5HT1F: Ezi zikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso yentlungu engqondweni.
Ngamafutshane, ii-triptan zisebenza ngokukhulula imithambo yegazi engqondweni, zithintele ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezibangela iintlungu, kwaye zinciphise ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso yentlungu engqondweni. Zonke ezi zenzo zintathu zinceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-migraine.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa iiTriptans?
IiTriptans zineengenelo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa namayeza angaphambili e-migraine.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zimbalwa: IiTriptans zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunezonyango ezindala, kwaye azikho qatha kangako.
- Ayinamlutha: Ezinye iipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu zentloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi ii-opioid, zinokuba ngumlutha. Nangona kunjalo, ii-triptan azinamlutha.
- Ikhuselekile kakhulu: IiTriptans ngokubanzi ziluhlobo lwamayeza olukhuselekileyo kakhulu. Amayeza afana ne-`(Sumatriptan)` akhuselekile kangangokuba kwamanye amazwe angathengwa kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
- Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: Njengoko sibonile kwitheyibhile engaphambili, ezi zinokufumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana neepilisi, izitshizi zeempumlo, kunye neenaliti. Isitshizi sempumlo kulula kakhulu kumntu onengxaki yokuginya ipilisi okanye ohlanzayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye neengxaki?
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, iiTriptans zinemiphumo emibi kunye nezinto ekufuneka uziqaphele.
Iingxaki zeTriptans
Eyona ngxaki kukuba azithinteli iintloko ezibuhlungu . Zisetyenziswa njengamayeza okuhlangula "ukuyeka" intloko ebuhlungu emva kokuba iqalile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imeko enye ekhethekileyo, leyo yintloko ebuhlungu yokuya exesheni. Ezinye ii-triptans zinokunceda ukuthintela iintloko ezibuhlungu ukuba zithathwa malunga neentsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uye exesheni. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iingcebiso ngale nto.
Enye into kukuba akulunganga ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu . Abanye abantu bafuna amayeza angaphezu kwesinye ukunciphisa iintloko ezibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthatha iiTriptans rhoqo, ukusebenza kwazo kunokuncipha. Akunjalo kuphela, kodwa unokufumana "intloko ebuhlungu ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza ngokugqithisileyo" ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza ngokugqithisileyo. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa kuphela kwidosi emiselweyo kunye nezihlandlo ezimiselweyo, njengoko ugqirha esitsho .
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo
Nangona kungengabo bonke abantu abafumana ezi ziphumo xa besebenzisa ii-triptan, abanye abantu banokuba nazo.
| Imiphumela | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Isiyezi | Isiyezi |
| Ukozela okanye ukudinwa | Ukozela okanye ukudinwa |
| Isicaphucaphu | Isicaphucaphu |
| Ukurhawuzelela ezandleni nasezinyaweni | Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukuba ndindisholo ezandleni/ezinyaweni `(Paresthesia)` |
| Intlungu yentamo | Intlungu yentamo |
| Intlungu yesifuba (ayiqhelekanga) | Intlungu yesifuba (inqabile) |
Kunini apho ungafanele uthabathe ii-triptan?
IiTriptans azifanelekanga kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo (Iimeko ezingahambelaniyo).
- Ukusebenzisana namanye amayeza: Ukuba uthatha amanye amayeza aqulethe "i-Ergotamine" xa uphathwa yi-migraine okanye ezinye iimeko, anokusebenzisana ne-Triptans. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza, iivithamini kunye nezongezo ozithathayo .
- Isifo sentliziyo okanye iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi: IiTriptans azifanelekanga ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu), okanye isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle. Oogqirha abacebisi la mayeza ukuba ukhe waba nawo okanye usemngciphekweni wokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye ii-TIA.
- Ukukhulelwa nokuncancisa: Ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokusebenzisa ii-triptan.
Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?
Uzakufowunela nini ugqirha
Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu ezivela kwi-triptans, ukuba ziyaphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba iyeza obulisebenzisa ixesha elide alisebenzi, thetha nogqirha wakho. Usenokukwazi ukukunika olunye unyango lwe-triptan okanye olunye unyango.
Iimeko ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo
IiTriptans zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwe-1%), kodwa ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi, kufuneka uye kwicandelo likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko .
Iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo sentliziyo:
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo (iTachycardia) okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okucothayo (iBradycardia)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)
Iimpawu ezinxulumene nestroke:
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zestroke kukukhubazeka komzimba, ukungaziva mnandi, okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (hemiplegia). Ezi mpawu zinokubakho nakwezinye iimeko ezinzima ze-migraine.
Akunakwenzeka ukufumanisa ekhaya ukuba olu phawu lubangelwa yi-migraine okanye i-stroke. Ngoko ke, ukuba uziva ukuba elinye icala lomzimba wakho liphelelwa ngamandla, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa . Kwi-stroke, umzuzwana ngamnye unyango olulibazisekayo lunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade engqondweni.
Ukuba awukaze ube ne-migraine ngaphambili kwaye uneentloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu ezineempawu ezifana neze-stroke ezifana nezi, cinga ukuba yingxamiseko.
Yeyiphi iTriptan engcono kum?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba yi "triptan engcono kakhulu." Iyeza elisebenza kakuhle komnye umntu lisenokungasebenzi kakuhle komnye. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-triptan efanelekileyo kuwe kunye nendlela yokuyithatha (iipilisi okanye i-spray) ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lwe-migraines yakho, ezinye iimeko zakho zempilo, kunye namanye amayeza owasebenzisayo .
Ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe ii-triptans, abantu abanesifo se-migraine babephila ubomi obunzima kakhulu. Namhlanje, ngenxa yala mayeza, izigidi zabantu azinazo iintlungu ze-migraines kwaye zinokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ukuba unesifo se-migraines, musa ukunyamezela iintlungu kuphela. Thetha nogqirha wakho ubone ukuba ii-triptans zinokukunceda na. La mayeza anokukunceda uphile ubomi bakho ngendlela eqhelekileyo, endaweni yokuba uphelelwe ngamandla yi-migraines.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiTriptans luhlobo lwamayeza anikwa ukulawula iintlungu kunye neempawu zentloko ebuhlungu xa sele iqalile.
- Ezi azithinteli iintloko ezibuhlungu (ngaphandle kweentloko ezibuhlungu zokuya exesheni). Zisebenza njengeyeza "lokuhlangula".
- IiTriptans zisebenza ngokukhulula imithambo yegazi engqondweni, zithintele imiqondiso yentlungu, kwaye zilawule iintloko ezibuhlungu.
- Eli yeza likhuselekile kakhulu, alinawo umlutha, kwaye alinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.
- Ezi azifanelekanga kubantu abaneengxaki ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngazo zonke amayeza owasebenzisayo.
- Sebenzisa ezi kuphela ngokwemilinganiselo kunye nezihlandlo ezicetyiswa ngugqirha wakho. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu kunokunyusa iintloko ezibuhlungu.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinzima ezifana neentlungu zesifuba okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
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