Ngaba ngequbuliso ukhe waba nomkhuhlane ophezulu waza wanamaqhuqhuva amancinci abuhlungu emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbi kutshanje uye wahambahamba ehlathini, wasebenza efama, okanye waphatha isilwanyana? Ngoko ke le yimeko osenokuba awuzange uve ngayo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyazi ngayo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-tularemia ngokwezonyango. Nangona sisifo esingaqhelekanga, sinokuba sibi kakhulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTularemia?
I-Tularemia sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiFrancisella tularensis . Esi sisifo esinokudluliselwa kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini, esibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-zoonotic. Le ntsholongwane idla ngokuhlala emizimbeni yezilwanyana ezifana noonogwaja, oosquirrel, kunye neempuku. Ingadluliselwa nazizinambuzane ezifana neengcongconi kunye neentakumba ezihlala emizimbeni yezi zilwanyana.
Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba kuxhomekeke kwindlela esisasazeka ngayo. Le ntsholongwane inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu ukudumba okubuhlungu kwama-lymph nodes, kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo zemiphunga, amehlo, umphimbo, kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kwamanye amazwe, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"rabbit fever".
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Nangona nabani na enokufumana i-tularemia, umngcipheko wakho wokufumana iintsholongwane ezibangela esi sifo unokuba phezulu ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, okanye indlela ophila ngayo. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu kancinci:
- Abantu abazingela okanye abaphatha inyama eluhlaza: Le ntsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngokudibana nenyama okanye ulwelo lomzimba lwezilwanyana ezizingelwayo.
- Oogqirha bezilwanyana kunye nabaphathi bezilwanyana: Bakwasengozini kuba basebenza nezilwanyana ngalo lonke ixesha.
- Abantu abasebenza kwiindawo apho izinambuzane ziluma khona: Abalimi kunye nabo basebenza emahlathini basengozini enkulu yokulunywa zizinambuzane ezifana neenkowane.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka: Abantu abane-HIV , abaguli abanomhlaza, okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa zizifo banokusuleleka lula ngolu hlobo losulelo.
- Abasebenzi basefama nabachebi beegusha: Aba basebenzi basengozini enkulu kuba basebenza ngokusondeleyo nezilwanyana kunye nendawo abahlala kuyo.
- Abasebenzi belabhoratri: Abo benza uphando ngale bhaktiriya nabo basengozini yokuvezwa.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni?
Khawucinge nje ukuba le ntsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'F. tularensis' ingena emzimbeni wakho. Ukhuselo lomzimba wethu, iiseli zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, zizama ukubamba noku "gquma" le ntsholongwane yangaphandle. Ngokwesiqhelo, le ntsholongwane iya kutshatyalaliswa ngaphakathi kwezo seli.
Kodwa le ntsholongwane inobuqili kakhulu. Endaweni yokuzimela ngaphakathi kwezo seli zokuzikhusela, ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni, iiseli zokuzikhusela ziyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye igquba leentsholongwane eziphumayo lihlasela ezinye iiseli emzimbeni. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kweeseli kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela ngenxa yayo yikona okubangela iimpawu zethu.
Ziziphi iintlobo kunye neempawu ze-tularemia?
I-Tularemia inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kwindlela iintsholongwane ezingena ngayo emzimbeni kunye nendawo ezibonakala kuyo iimpawu. Ukuze sikuqonde kakuhle oku, makhe sijonge le theyibhile.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Indlela esasazeka ngayo kunye nendawo echaphazela ngayo | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|---|---|
| I-Ulceroglandular | Ngokulunywa yikhalane okanye isilwanyana esinesifo. Ichaphazela ulusu kunye nama-lymph nodes. (Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo) | - Ifiva - Izilonda zesikhumba - Amaqhuqhuva e-lymph ayakhula aze abe buhlungu |
| I-Glandular | Ifana nohlobo olungasentla, kodwa ayibangeli izilonda kulusu. Ichaphazela kuphela ii-lymph nodes. | - Ifiva - Ukudumba kunye nentlungu kwi-lymph nodes ngaphandle kwezilonda zesikhumba |
| I-Oculoglandular | Amanzi okanye ulwelo lomzimba olusulelekileyo lungena elisweni. Luchaphazela iliso kunye nee-lymph nodes ezingqongileyo. | - Intlungu yamehlo, amehlo anamanzi - Ukuba novelwano ngezinto zangaphandle - Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo ezijikeleze indlebe nentamo |
| I-Oropharyngeal | Ngokusela ukutya okanye amanzi anentsholongwane. Ichaphazela umqala kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya. | - Umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu - Ububomvu kunye namabala amhlophe emqaleni - Ukugabha, iintlungu zesisu, urhudo |
| I-Pneumonic | Ngokuphefumla intsholongwane okanye ukuyisasaza emiphungeni isuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni. (Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu) | - Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela - Ubunzima bokuphefumla - Intlungu yesifuba, intlungu yomzimba |
| I-Typhoidal | Ingadluliselwa nangayiphi na indlela. Ingachaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba. | - Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubanda nokungcangcazela - Intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba - Intlungu yesisu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, ukudideka |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kwiintsuku ezi-3-5 emva kokuba zichaphazelekile yibhaktheriya, kodwa abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini.
Ingaba esi sifo sidluliselwa njani? Ingaba sidluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokudlulisela i-tularemia:
- Ukulunywa zizinambuzane: Kukulunywa ziingcongconi, iingcongconi, nezinye iimpukane ezineentsholongwane.
- Ukudibana nezilwanyana ezinesi sifo: Ngokulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa sisilwanyana esinesi sifo. Kwakhona, izicwili okanye ulwelo lomzimba oluvela kwisilwanyana esinesi sifo lunokungena emzimbeni ngenxeba okanye inxeba eluswini lwethu.
- Ukutya okanye amanzi asulelekileyo: Ngokusela amanzi angcoliswe ziintsholongwane okanye ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle (ingakumbi inyama yezilwanyana zasendle).
- Ukuphefumla iintsholongwane: Oku kuyamangalisa ukuva. Khawuthelekelele ukuba usebenzisa umatshini wokusika ingca okanye omnye umatshini apho kukho isilwanyana esifileyo esinale ntsholongwane, iintsholongwane zinokungena emoyeni kunye namasuntswana othuli amancinci alahlwayo, kwaye nokuphefumla kunokubangela ukugula.
Hayi, i-tularemia ayidluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo asinakudluliselwa ngokuchukumisa okanye ukuthetha nomntu osulelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu . Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba yintsholongwane encinci kakhulu engena emzimbeni yanele ukubangela esi sifo.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha wakho, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Uza kukubuza nangemisebenzi yakho yakutshanje. Umzekelo:
- Ngaba ubukhe wahambahamba ehlathini kutshanje?
- Ngaba ukhe watya isilwanyana esifana nekhalane?
- Ngaba izilwanyana (ingakumbi imivundla kunye neempuku) ziyachukunyiswa?
- Ngaba usele amanzi angacocekanga?
Emva koko, umzimba uyahlolwa, kukhangelwe ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo, izilonda zesikhumba, utshintsho emqaleni okanye emehlweni, kwaye kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi ukujonga ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngumzimba ngokuchasene neebhaktheriya. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zisenokungabonwa ekuqaleni, ngoko ke kunokufuneka wenze olunye uvavanyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwinxeba lesikhumba okanye i-lymph node evuvukileyo ukuze lihlolwe.
- Ezinye iisampuli: Ukukhupha umphimbo okanye iimpumlo, kunye nolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga ukuba kukho ukuqokelelana kolwelo.
Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? Ngaba kunokunyangwa?
Ewe, esi sisifo esinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngee-antibiotics. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu nolwazi olunikiweyo, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni aqale unyango ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zifumaneke. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela isifo ekubeni sibe sibi kakhulu.
Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kangangeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-21. Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ngala:
- I-Streptomycin
- I-Gentamicin
- I-Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline )
- I-Ciprofloxacin
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi yokubulala iintsholongwane echazwe ngugqirha wakho. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza phakathi nje kokuba iimpawu zakho ziphelile. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane eziseleyo emzimbeni wakho zibe namandla kwaye usulelo luphinde lubuye.
Ngaba oku akuyi kuba ngcono ngaphandle konyango? Zithini iingxaki ezibangelwa kuko?
Nangona abanye abantu banokuphila kwesi sifo ngaphandle konyango, siyingozi kakhulu . Ukuba asinyangwa, ingakumbi ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane yohlobo A, izinga lokufa linokuba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu.
- Umonakalo omkhulu wemiphunga (i-Acute respiratory distress syndrome - i-ARDS)
- Usulelo lwengqondo okanye uboya obugqunywe yi-Meningitis (i-Meningitis)
- Usulelo lwentliziyo (i-pericarditis)
- Usulelo lwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis)
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi nezintso
Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu, ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza kunokusindisa ubomi.
Singazikhusela njani kwesi sifo siyingozi?
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphepha esi sifo. Kukho amanyathelo ambalwa alula esinokuwalandela ukuze senze loo nto.
- Ukukhuselwa kwezinambuzane: Ukuba uya ehlathini okanye kwindawo enengca, nxiba impahla egubungela umzimba wakho ngokupheleleyo. Sebenzisa i-bug spray. Emva kokubuya ngaphandle, jonga umzimba wakho ukuba awunazo na iimpukane, ingakumbi intloko yakho kunye namakhwapha.
- Ukhathalelo lwezilwanyana zasekhaya: Nxibelelana nogqirha wezilwanyana malunga nonyango olufunekayo ukuze izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya zizikhusele kwiingcongconi.
- Bamba izilwanyana ngononophelo: Musa ukuzichukumisa izilwanyana zasendle (eziphilayo okanye ezifileyo) ngezandla ezinganxibanga. Nxiba iiglavu. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha emva kokuphatha izilwanyana.
- Ukhuseleko lokutya namanzi: Pheka inyama, njengenyamakazi, kakuhle phambi kokuba uyitye. Musa ukusela amanzi ngqo avela emilanjeni okanye kwimijelo enganyangwanga.
- Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo: Kuphephe ukucheba okanye ukucheba kufutshane nezilwanyana ezifileyo. Ukuba kufuneka wenze njalo, bubulumko ukunxiba imaski yobuso ukuze ungaphefumli uthuli.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha ngokubanzi:
- Ukuba uneempawu ze-tularemia (umkhuhlane, ukudumba, izilonda zesikhumba).
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba sele uchaphazelekile yile ntsholongwane, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singabikho.
- Ukuba iimpawu ziyaphinda zibuye ngexesha okanye emva konyango.
Ixesha lokuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko:
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezinzulu ezilandelayo, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye uye kwi -ETU yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwama-39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
- I-Dementia okanye ukudideka kwengqondo.
- Ukopha okubangelwa kukuhlanza okanye sisitulo.
- Ukukhohlela igazi.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tularemia sisifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa esinokunyangwa, esibangelwa yintsholongwane edluliselwa kwizilwanyana.
- Ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kodwa ingasasazeka ngokulunywa ziincukuthu, ukudibana nezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane, kunye nokutya/amanzi angcolileyo.
- Iimpawu eziphambili ngumkhuhlane okhawulezileyo, ukudumba kwama-lymph nodes, kunye nezilonda zesikhumba.
- Ukuthintela kungcono. Zikhusele kwizinambuzane kwaye uphathe izilwanyana ngononophelo.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kokuluma okanye ukulunywa sisilwanyana, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuqalisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwangethuba kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu.
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