Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, okomileyo okungavelisi impumlo? Ngaba uziva uphelelwa ngumoya xa udiniwe kancinci, okanye xa unyuka izinyuko? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile, mhlawumbi kubangelwa luthuli, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwesifo semiphunga esifuna ingqalelo ethile. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, i-NSIP.
Yintoni i-NSIP (i-Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia)?
Ngamafutshane, i-NSIP kukudumba kwezicubu eziphakathi kweengxowa zomoya ezincinci (i-alveoli) emiphungeni yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo. Cinga ngemiphunga yakho njengeqela leediliya ezineediliya ezincinci ezininzi (i-alveoli). I-pneumonia esiqhele ukuyaziyo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwezi diliya. Kodwa kwi-NSIP, ukudumba kwenzeka kwiindawo eziphakathi kwezi diliya kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo.
Le yimeko ekwiqela lezifo zemiphunga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"interstitial lung disease". I-NSIP idla ngokubonakala kubantu abanesifo se-connective tissue (CTD). Kwakhona, inokuba yimeko yexesha elide, engaphindi iphucuke kwiintsuku ezimbalwa njenge-pneumonia eqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, inokubangela nokuba nemingxunya engapheliyo emiphungeni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-NSIPs.
Oogqirha bahlula i-NSIP kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, njengoko unyango kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwixesha elizayo kunokwahluka.
| Uhlobo lwe-NSIP | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? | Ukunyaniseka |
|---|---|---|
| I-NSIP yeselula | Kolu hlobo, iiseli eziphakathi kweengxowa zomoya ziyavuvukala. Akukho zikrweqe. | Ayibalulekanga kangako. Isabela kakuhle kakhulu kunyango. Inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo. |
| I-NSIP yeFibrotic | Oku kubangela ukuba izicubu zemiphunga zijiye kwaye zibe namanxeba. Kwizonyango, olu xinzelelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-fibrosis . | Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu noluyingozi. Umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni kunzima ukuwuguqula. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-NSIP?
Iimpawu ze-NSIP zisenokungabonakali ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, zinokukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
- Ukukhohlela okomileyo okungapheliyo: Oku akuvelisi mngundo. Kuvakala ngathi kukukhohlela okuhlambulula umphimbo.
- Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa usenza into enzima, njengokuhamba okanye ukunyuka izinyuko. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo kunokwenzeka nokuba umi nje ungashukumi.
- Ukuphefumla okunzima: Ukuziva ngathi kufuneka wenze umgudu omkhulu ukuze uphefumle.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu emzimbeni: Ukudinwa kakhulu nangona ungenzi msebenzi.
- Iminwe eneeklabhu: Oku akuqhelekanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, iincam zeminwe zinokudumba njengee-drumsticks kwaye iinzipho zinokuba zingqukuva. Oku kubonisa ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu aziqali ngequbuliso, kodwa ziyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi basenokungayinaki kakhulu le nto.
Zithini izizathu ze-NSIP? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Enyanisweni, oogqirha abakayazi eyona nto ibangela i-NSIP. Nangona kunjalo, xa abantu abanale sifo bejongwa, badla ngokuba nezinye iimeko zonyango. Ngoko ke kukholelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi meko kunye ne-NSIP.
Iimeko eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-NSIP:
- Iingxaki zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo: Ezi zizifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela izicubu zayo. Umzekelo:
- I-rheumatoid arthritis - isifo esibangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu emalungeni
- I-Lupus
- I-Scleroderma
- Usulelo lwentsholongwane: Ezinye izifo zentsholongwane, ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis, zinokunxulunyaniswa ne-NSIP.
- Iimpendulo kumayeza athile: Le meko inokubangelwa yi-chemotherapy yomhlaza, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye namanye amayeza esifo sentliziyo.
Ngokwesiqhelo isifo se-NSIPIxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, into yokuqala ugqirha wakho aza kuyenza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango. Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho yonke into onayo malunga nezinye iimeko zempilo okanye amayeza owasebenzisayo.
Emva koko, kuya kuthathwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga: Oku kubandakanya ukuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngetyhubhu eqhagamshelwe kumatshini. Oku kunceda ukufumana umbono wokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani ngokulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuthatha kunye nokuba ungawukhupha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba kunye ne-CT scan: Nangona i-X-reyi inokunika ingcamango ngokubanzi, i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) inokubona ngokucacileyo utshintsho oluncinci kunye namanxeba emiphungeni. I-CT scan ibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-NSIP.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nto, ikhamera incamatheliswa esiphelweni sombhobho omncinci noguquguqukayo ize idluliselwe ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo wakho iye emiphungeni yakho.
- I-Biopsy: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa isifo nge-100%. Iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu lithathwa emphungeni ngotyando lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kunokumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba liseli okanye liyi-fibrotic.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-NSIP?
Iinjongo eziphambili zokunyanga i-NSIP kukunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni, ukulawula isifo ukuba singabi mandundu, kunye nokunceda ukugcina umgangatho wobomi bakho.
Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Amayeza e-corticosteroid `(Corticosteroids)` | Umzekelo, amayeza afana ne-`(Prednisone)`. La asebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni nasemiphungeni. |
| Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba | Amayeza anjenge-`azathioprine`, `cyclophosphamide`, `mycophenolate`. La mayeza asebenza ngokulawula umsebenzi ongafunekiyo wenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba. La mayeza abaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ze-`(autoimmune)`. |
| Amayeza okulwa ne-fibrotic | Amayeza afana ne-'pirfenidone' kunye ne-'nintedanib'. La mayeza anikwa abantu abane-Fibrotic NSIP. Anceda ekunciphiseni izinga lokuqhekeka kwamanxeba emiphungeni. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga | Oku kubaluleke njengokubonelela ngamayeza. Kubandakanya imithambo ekhethekileyo yokunceda ukuqinisa imiphunga, iindlela zokuphefumla, kunye nemfundo ngesi sifo. |
| Unyango lweoksijini | Ukubonelela ngeoksijini kwabo baneoksijini ephantsi egazini, ingakumbi xa bediniwe. |
| Ukufakelwa imiphunga | Indlela yokugqibela ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli kwaye isifo siba sibi kakhulu. |
Buza kuba njani ubomi nge-NSIP? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lwe-NSIP onayo.
- Kwi-Cellular NSIP: Ithemba laba bantu lihle kakhulu . Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, amathuba okusinda kwiminyaka emi-5 emva kokufunyaniswa kwesi sifo asondele kwi-100%. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango olupheleleyo lunokwenzeka.
- Kwi-Fibrotic NSIP: Umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni awunakuguqulwa apha. Ngoko ke imeko imbi ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, unyango olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili lunokulawula kwaye lucothise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Iingxelo zonyango zibonisa ukuba abantu banokuphila phakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-14 emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banaso.
Ngoko ke, ukufumanisa isifo kwasekuqaleni nokuqalisa unyango olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ubomi.
Ufanele wenze ntoni?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba une-NSIP, ungoyiki. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kunye nesicwangciso sonyango ngokuchanekileyo. Sela amayeza akho ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi efanelekileyo.
- Ukuba unenye ingxaki yempilo, efana nesifo samathambo, yilawule kakuhle loo meko.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho, njengokudinwa okukhulu, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Ukutshaya konakalisa imiphunga yakho nangakumbi.
Ukuba unesikhwehlela esomileyo okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla obuqhubeke kangangeeveki, nceda ubone ugqirha uze uhlolwe, endaweni yokuba ucinge ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo. I-NSIP inokuba mandundu ngakumbi ukuba ayinyangwa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-NSIP ayisiyo i-pneumonia esiqhele ukuyazi. Kule meko, ukudumba kwenzeka kwizicubu eziphakathi kweengxowa zomoya zemiphunga.
- Ukukhohlela okomileyo okuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuphefumla xa udiniwe zezona mpawu ziphambili zesi sifo. Musa ukuzityeshela ezi.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-NSIP. Uhlobo 'lweeCellular' lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Uhlobo 'lweFibrotic', nangona lunzima, lunokulawulwa ngonyango.
- Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela umonakalo ongunaphakade emiphungeni.
- Ukuba unesifo se-connective tissue njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, qaphela ezi mpawu zinxulumene nemiphunga.
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