Xa ucinga ngesifo seswekile, mhlawumbi ucinga ngesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini esixhaphakileyo njengoko ukhula. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukho olunye uhlobo lwesifo seswekile olunokuvela nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ingakumbi ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Sahlukile kancinci, kodwa ukuba silawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, asiyi kukuthintela ukuba uphile ubomi obusempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sithethe ngaso ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni i-Type 1 Diabetes?
Ngamafutshane, uhlobo loku-1 lwesifo seswekile yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba apho inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin (iiseli ze-beta) kwi-pancreas yethu.
Cinga ngayo, i-insulin ifana nesitshixo esinceda iswekile, okanye iglucose, egazini lethu, ukuba ingene kwiiseli zethu ukuze yenze amandla. Ngoku, xa ezi seli zivelisa i-insulin ziphelile, umzimba awuvelisi i-insulin oyidingayo. Emva koko iswekile egazini ayinakungena kwiiseli kwaye iqokelelane egazini. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwesi sifo.
Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-"juvenile diabetes" kuba yayisoloko ifunyaniswa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci. Kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba inokuchaphazela abantu abadala bayo nayiphi na iminyaka.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2?
Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi banamathela khona.
- Kwi-Type 1: Umzimba uyeka ngokupheleleyo ukuvelisa i-insulin , ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuthatha i-insulin ngaphandle ukuze uphile.
- Kwi-Type 2: Nangona umzimba uvelisa i-insulin, ubungakanani bayo abwanele, okanye iiseli zomzimba aziphenduli ngokufanelekileyo kuloo insulin (ukumelana ne-insulin).
Zithini iimpawu? Ungazibona njani ngokukhawuleza?
Iimpawu zesi sifo zinokubonakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu , ngamanye amaxesha kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Unxano olukhulu kunye nomlomo owomileyo | Unxano alupheli nasemva kokusela amanzi. |
| Ukuchama rhoqo | Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo, ingakumbi ebusuku. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Nokuba utya kakuhle kwaye ulambile, uyanciphisa umzimba. |
| Indlala enkulu | Ukuva ulambile ngokukhawuleza nangona sele utyile. |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka | Ndihlala ndiziva ndibuthathaka. |
| Utshintsho lombono | Izinto ezifana nombono ofipheleyo. |
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo | Usulelo oluphindaphindayo, indlela yomchamo, okanye izifo zangasese. |
Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 esiqala emva kwexesha kubantu abadala (i-LADA)
Ngamanye amaxesha esi sifo sifunyanwa xa umntu emdala (phakathi kweminyaka engama-30-50). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults' (LADA). Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zibonakala kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha zinokungangqinelani ne-type 2 diabetes.
Bakhuliswa njani abantwana abancinci?
Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezibonakala kubantu abadala, abantwana abancinci kunye neentsana banokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo xa befumana esi sifo. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali bakuqaphele oku.
- Ukutshintsha amanabukeni omntwana rhoqo kunesiqhelo.
- Ukuba nerhashalala ye-napkin engapholiyo nangona unyango lukhona.
- Umntwana oqeqeshwe kwindlu yangasese uqala ukumanzisa ibhedi.
- Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla.
- Intlungu yesisu kunye nokuhlanza.
- Utshintsho kwindlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo (ukuhlala enomsindo, ecaphuka).
- Ivumba elimnandi nelifana neziqhamo eliphuma emlonyeni (eli luphawu oluyingozi).
Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa isenokuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1.
Zithini izizathu zoku? Ingaba lufuzo?
Isizathu esichanekileyo sokuba inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela ihlasele iiseli zayo asikaziwa, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba kungenxa yokwaluphala kwemfuza kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo .
Ngamafutshane, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, umntakwenu) unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso.
Khawucinge nje, nokuba unezakhi zofuzo ezikwenza ube sesichengeni sokufumana esi sifo, kusenokufuneka into ethile enxulumene nokusingqongileyo, njengosulelo lwentsholongwane, ukuze ezo zakhi zofuzo "zisebenze".
Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, into yokuqala abaya kuyenza kukuvavanya amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.
| Uvavanyo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwe-A1c | Ungafumana umbono wenqanaba lakho eliqhelekileyo leswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo. |
| Uvavanyo lweShukela egazini lokuzila ukutya | Bajonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini labo emva kokuba bengatyanga nto kangangeeyure ezisi-8. |
| Uvavanyo lweShukela egazini olungaqhelekanga | Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. |
Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba unesifo seswekile na. Kodwa ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba sisifo sohlobo 1 okanye luhlobo 2, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza olunye uvavanyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Autoantibody: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kukho iiproteni ezikhethekileyo (ii-autoantibodies) egazini ezihlasela iiseli ezenza i-insulin. Olu vavanyo lukhangela ezi.
- Uvavanyo lweeKetones: Xa i-insulin ilahlekile, umzimba uqala ukutshisa amafutha ukuze ufumane amandla. Iiasidi eziphumayo zibizwa ngokuba ziiketones. Ezi zinokufunyanwa kumchamo.
Unyango kunye nolawulo lobomi
Ubomi bakho abupheli kuba nje ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Ungaphila ubomi obude kakhulu, obusempilweni, nobonwabisayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho elawulwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin kuyimfuneko.
Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, umzimba wakho awuvelisi i-insulin, ngoko ke kufuneka uyithathe yonke imihla i-insulin ngaphandle. Awunakuyithatha i-insulin ikwimo yepilisi, kuba iyaphuka esiswini sakho. Ngoko ke kufuneka uyithathe ngenaliti okanye ngepompo ye-insulin.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin. Ziyahluka ngexesha elithathwayo ukusebenza kunye nokuba ihlala ixesha elingakanani. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba uhlobo kunye nomthamo we-insulin ofanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ubudala bakho, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye neendlela otya ngazo.
Ukujonga rhoqo amanqanaba eswekile egazini
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ekwinqanaba elimiselweyo imini yonke. Zimbini iindlela zokwenza oku:
1. I-Glucometer: Indlela yendabuko yokuvavanya ibandakanya ukuthabatha ithontsi elincinci legazi kwincam yomnwe.
2. I-Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM): I-sensor encinci ebekwe phantsi kwesikhumba ijonga ngokuzenzekelayo amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho rhoqo emva kwemizuzu embalwa ize ithumele idatha kwifowuni yakho okanye kwenye isixhobo. Iyakwazisa ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho aphezulu okanye aphantsi.
Ukutya kunye nendlela yokuphila
Ukuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukutya. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele ubungakanani bokutya okutyayo, ingakumbi iicarbohydrates (isitatshi). Kufuneka ulungise umthamo wakho we-insulin ukuze ulingane nobungakanani bokutya okutyayo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo . Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
- Nciphisa iziselo ezineswekile, ukutya okunencasa, kunye neecarbohydrates ezicociweyo (isonka, ipasta).
- Yenza umthambo rhoqo. Ukuzilolonga kwandisa uvakalelo lomzimba kwi-insulin.
- Lawula uxinzelelo kwaye ulale ngokwaneleyo . Oku kuchaphazela namanqanaba eswekile egazini.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yesifo seswekile?
Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini akalawulwa kakuhle ixesha elide, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba zinokonakala. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuba ugcina ulawulo olufanelekileyo, unokuthintela uninzi lwezi ngxaki.
Eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo nengxamisekileyo yi -diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA) . Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba ungenayo i-insulin, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-ketones kunye neswekile ziqokelele egazini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi libe ne-asidi. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi.
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngokuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukozela kakhulu, kunye nevumba leziqhamo kumphefumlo wakho , kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-DKA. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide zingabandakanya isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso (nephropathy), umonakalo wamehlo (retinopathy), kunye nomonakalo wemithambo-luvo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela oku kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye ugcine iswekile yegazi lakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ephantsi kolawulo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 asilotyala lakho. Sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.
- Nangona le yimeko yobomi bonke, ngonyango lwe-insulin kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobusebenzayo ngokupheleleyo.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukujonga rhoqo amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho uze uwagcine ngaphakathi koluhlu olujoliswe kulo ngugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.
- Awuwedwa. Baninzi abantu abaphila nale meko. Ngoko ke hlala uqinile.
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